NRLF 


B   M 


I 


GIFT  OF 
Prof*  W»    A.    Setchell 


f,  S 


FLORA 


Middlesex    County,    Massachusetts, 


B  Y 


.   Iv.    DAME    AND    F\  S.  COLLINS. 


MALDEN : 
MIDDLESEX  INSTITUTE, 

1888. 


BIOLOGY  LIBRARY 


C.   M.   BARROWS  &  CO., 

PRINTERS, 
2  NORTH  MARKET  STREET,  BOSTON. 


PEEFACB. 

This  catalogue  has  been  a  natural  outgrowth  of  the 
incorporation  of  the  Middlesex  Institute  in  1881.  The 
results  of  numerous  excursions  in  the  vicinity  of  Maiden 
encouraged  wider  research,  leading  to  the  exploration  of 
the  entire  county,  with  publication  in  view. 

Works  known  to  contain  lists  of  county  plants  have 
been  carefully  examined,  among  which  are  Bigelow's 
"  Florula  Bostoniensis ;"  Hitchcock's  ''Report  on  the 
Geology,  etc.,  of  Mass. ;"  Emerson's  "  Trees  and  Shrubs 
of  Mass. ;"  a  "  List  of  Plants  in  Maiden  and  Medford;" 
the  * '  Catalogue  of  the  Davenport  Herbarium ;  "  "A 
partial  list  of  the  native  flora  of  Waltham  ;  "  a  « « List  of 
introduced  plants  found  in  the  vicinity  of  a  wool- scouring 
establishment"  in  North  Chelmsford,  by  Rev.  W.  P. 
Alcott ;  and  miscellaneous  papers  in  the  ' '  Proceedings  of 
the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History,"  Hovey's  Magazine, 
and  other  publications. 

The  verification  of  these  lists  has  been  no  light  task. 
Where  no  specimen  exists,  where  it  has  been /impossible 
to  find  the  original  authority  upon  which  a  plant  outside 
its  recognized  limits  has  been  reported,  or  where  there  is 
a  strong  probability  of  wrong  determination,  the  authors 
have  excluded  such  names  from  the  catalogue,  thinking  it 
better  to  lose  several  species  which  may  be  in  the  county 
than  admit  one  which  would  be  justly  open  to  criticism. 
Various  public  and  private  collections  have  been  examined 
for  rare  species ;  while  holidays  and  vacations  have  been 
for  six  years  largely  devoted  to  botanical  expeditions 
which  have  embraced  within  their  scope,  though  very 
imperfectly,  every  section  of  Middlesex. 


M203882 


The  catalogue  follows  Gray's  Manual  in  the  classifica- 
tion of  the  Phanerogams  ;  the  following  exceptions  to  the 
order  of  the  Manual  are  to  be  noted  :  species  of  Cyperus 
are  arranged  according  to  Dr.  Britton's  "  A  Preliminary 
List  of  North  American  Species  of  Cyperus,  with  Descrip- 
tions of  New  Forms."  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  Vol.  XIII., 
No.  II.;  species  of  Carex  following  Prof.  Bailey's  "A 
Preliminary  Synopsis  of  North  American  Carices,"  etc., 
contributed  April  14,  1886  to  the  Proceedings  of  the 
Amer.  Acad.  of  Arts  and  Sciences ;  genera  of  Grasses 
after  Bentham  and  Hooker's  Genera  Plantarum. 

The  Cryptogams  follow  the  arrangement  suggested  in 
Gray's  " Lessons  in  Botany,"  revised  edition,  1887. 
The  nomenclature  follows  Gray  in  the  North  Am.  Flora, 
the  Revision  of  the  Ranunculaceae,  and  of  Yiolacese ; 
Coulter  in  the  Umbelliferse ;  Watson's  Index  elsewhere 
in  the  Polypetalee  ;  and  Morong  in  the  Typhacese.  In  the 
Cryptogams,  the  catalogue  adopts  the  classification  of 
Engelmann  on  Isoetes,  James  and  Lesquereux  on  Mosses, 
and  Farlow  on  marine  Algse. 

Many  botanists  have  kindly  contributed  their  services. 
Dr.  Gray  determined  the  doubtful  species  of  Composites, 
more  especially  the  Golden  Rods  and  Asters.  Dr.  Sereno 
Watson  has  given  advice  and  information,  and  afforded 
special  facilities  for  work  at  the  Gray  Herbarium.  Dr. 
W.  G.  Farlow  has  rendered  assistance  in  the  Characese  and 
fresh  water  Algae.  Mr.  M.  S.  Bebb  has  gone  over  speci- 
mens of  our  county  willows,  and  contributed  notes  upon 
several  species.  Rev.  Thos.  Morong  has  furnished 
notes  upon  the  Naiadacese,  and  a  set  of  Potamogetons  for 
the  county  herbarium.  Miss  Clara  E.  Cummings  has 
revised  the  list  of  Mosses  and  Lichens,  and  Mr.  Geo.  E. 
Davenport  the  ferns.  Dr.  D.  F.  Lincoln  has  given  an 
account  of  the  geological  characteristics  of  the  soil. 


Many  of  the  earlier  determinations  in  the  Juncaceae 
and  Cyperacese  were  made  by  Mr.  Wm.  Boott ;  the  later, 
in  the  genus  Cyperus,  by  Dr.  N.  L.  Britton,  of  Columbia 
College,  New  York;  in  the  genus  Carex,  by  Prof.  L. 
H.  Bailey,  Jr.,  of  the  Agricultural  College  at  Lansing, 
Michigan ;  in  the  Gramineae,  from  time  to  time,  by  Dr. 
Geo.  Vasey  and  Prof.  F.  Lamson  Scribner,  of  the  U.  S. 
Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Thanks  are  specially  due  to  Dr.  C.  W.  Swan,  of  Boston, 
who  has  put  at  the  disposal  of  the  authors  his  valuable 
herbarium,  his  extensive  acquaintance  with  the  county 
flora,  and  his  personal  services  from  the  beginning  to  the 
end  of  the  flora.  Without  his  critical  labors  upon  the 
Carices  and  Gramineae,  the  catalogue  could  hardly  have 
been  ready  the  present  season .  Thanks  are  due  likewise  to 
W.  H.  Manning,  Walter  Deane,  C.  E.  Faxon,  Edwin 
Faxon,  Mrs.  S.  E.  French,  E.  S.  Hoar,  Mrs.  P.  D. 
Richards,  Dr.  F.  Nickerson,  C.  W.  Jenks,  H.  A.  Young, 
William  Edwards,  Rev.  J.  H.  Temple,  Miss  A.  M. 
Symmes,  Miss  Emily  F.  Fletcher,  and  others  whose  names 
appear  in  the  following  pages. 

The  catalogue  does  not  claim  to  be  exhaustive ;  while 
the  Phanerogams,  Vascular  Cryptogams  and  marine 
Algae  are  as  complete,  perhaps,  as  may  be  expected  in  any 
list  covering  so  much  ground,  many  additions  will 
undoubtedly  be  made,  more  especially  in  the  north-western 
sections.  The  remaining  Cryptogams  are  simply  a  con- 
tribution for  the  benefit  of  special  students. 


PLAN  OF   CATALOGUE. 

1.  Names  of  plants   thought  to  be  indigenous  have 
been  printed  in  heavy,  broad-face  type. 

2.  Names  of  introduced  plants,  propagating  freely  by 


seed  or  suckers  beyond  the  limits  of  cultivated  ground, 
and  likely  to  survive,  unless  destroyed  by  the  agency  of 
man,  are  printed  in  small  capitals. 

3.  Italics  have  been  reserved   for  introduced  species 
which  have  not  become  permanently  established  within 
our   limits.     These  adventive  species  range  from   plants 
which  have  been  found  but  once,  like  some  of  the  wool- 
waste  Composites  of  Lowell  and  Chelmsford,  to  familiar 
species,  for  example,  Lucerne,  which  persists  for  many 
years,  but  does  not  appear  to  thrive,  and  in  a  few  cases 
observed  through  a  period  of  several  years,  has  died  out 
altogether.     Within  this  division,  also,  are  included  many 
plants,  such  as  the  wool-waste  Medicks,  which  spring  up 
in   abundance   every   year ;   it  is   not   settled,  however, 
whether  they  are  perpetuated  by  seed  ripened  in  Middle- 
sex and  surviving  the  winter,  or  by  fresh   importations 
from  the  original  source. 

4.  To  facilitate  the  study  of  species  not  contained  in 
the    Manual,    either   a   description   has   been   given,    or 
reference  made  to  some  volume  of  the  Wood   or  Gray 
series   of  text-books  wherein   such   description   may   be 
found. 

5.  Whenever  a  plant   is  commonly  met   with   in   its 
proper  habitat,   no   location   is    given.      Where  several 
stations    are    given   without   comment,  the   species  will 
probably  be  found  more  widely  distributed.     The  occa- 
sional presence  of  a  plant  in  stations  besides  those  men- 
tioned is  indicated  by  the  abbreviation  et  al. 

6.  Wherever  the  "Manual"  is  mentioned,  reference  is 
made   to   Gray's   Manual,  5th   edition,  unless  otherwise 
designated. 

7.  In  the  Phanerogams  and  Vascular  Cryptogams,  an 
asterisk  indicates  that  no  specimen  of  the  plant  so  desig- 
nated is  in  the  county  herbarium.     It  does  not   follow,, 
however,  that  such  species  are  always  rare. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Middlesex  county  is  very  irregular  in  outline,  com- 
prising an  area,  roughly  approximated,  of  830  square 
miles.  On  the  north  it  borders  upon  the  New  Hampshire 
line,  an  extreme  point  in  Dracut  reaching  to  latitude 
42°  44'  12",  on  the  east  it  extends  (in  Maiden)  to  longitude 
71°  54' ,  closely  approaching  the  sea  coast ;  on  the  south, 
it  touches  lat.  42°  9'  30"  (Holliston)  ;  and  extends  westward 
in  a  single  tier  of  towns  to  long.  71°  1'  30"  (Ashby). 

The  highly  diversified  character  of  the  county  may  best 
be  seen  by  a  glance  at  the  accompanying  map  and  key. 
The  Merrimac  river  passes  through  the  north-eastern 
section,  and  the  Concord  through  the  centre,  while  all 
portions  are  abundantly  watered  by  numerous  smaller 
rivers  and  creeks.  There  are  one  hundred  and  thirty- 
seven  ponds,  some  of  them  of  considerable  size ;  numer- 
ous swamps  of  greater  or  less  extent ;  and  salt  marshes 
along  the  tidal  streams.  The  surface  is  very  uneven, 
Prospect  Hill,  Walthain,  reaching  a  height  of  482  ft. ; 
Eeservoir  Hill,  Lincoln,  395  ft. ;  Goodman  Hill,  Sudbury, 
415  ft. ;  Eeeves  Hill,  Wayland,  410  ft. ;  Pegan  Hill, 
Natick,  408  ft.  ;  Nobscot  Hill,  Framingham,  602  ft. 
The  general  elevation  gradually  rises  to  the  highlands  of 
Townsend  and  Ashby,  culminating  in  Mt.  Watatic,  a 
granitic  mass,  1847  ft.  above  the  sea  level,  the  highest 
land  in  the  county. 

The  geological  ages  represented  in  Middlesex  county 
are  three,  viz.  : 

1.  The  Cambrian,  with  slates  and  conglomerate;  it 
includes  the  comparatively  low  land  within  four  to  six 
miles  of  Boston. 


8 

2.  The  Huronian,  just  outside  of  this,  beginning  at 
and  including  the  Middlesex  Fells,  comprises  primitive 
rocks — granite,    petrosilex    (porphyry),    diorite,    horn- 
blendic  gneiss,  quartzite,  quartzy  slate.     Limestone  occurs 
in  patches. 

3.  The  Montalban  (later  in  date  than  the  Huronian, 
but  antecedent  to  the  Cambrian),  lies  to  the  north  and 
west  of  the  Huronian,  and  comprises  granite,  gneiss,  mica 
slate,   argillite,  and  numerous  patches  of  limestone.     It 
occupies  the  larger  part  of  the  county,  and  is  bounded  by 
a  N.  E.  to  S.  W.  line  which  includes  the  towns  of  Wilming- 
ton, Bedford,  Concord,  Sudbury,  and  Framingham. 

The  soil,  like  that  of  most  parts  of  New  England,  is 
mainly  dependent  for  its  characteristics  upon  the  glacial 
drift,  which  covers  most  of  the  rocks  to  the  depth  of 
many  feet.  This  material  consists  of  two  portions ;  the 
very  compact  boulder  clay  or  till,  often  called  "hard 
pan  ;"  and  a  loose  mass,  of  gravelly  and  sandy  consistency, 
which  has  been  derived  from  the  boulder  clay  by  the 
the  washing  of  ancient  torrents.  The  latter  is  often 
stratified,  is  comparatively  free  from  boulders,  and  forms 
the  present  soil,  with  such  additions  as  the  yearly  decay 
of  vegetation  for  many  centuries  has  made.  Its  qualities 
vary  greatly,  some  having  been  deposited  in  the  form  of 
sand,  or  sterile  gravel,  while  other  parts  are  of  a  rich, 
clayey  nature.  "Terraces  of  sand  arid  gravel  from  the 
re-assorted  boulder  clay  make  up  by  far  the  greater  part 
of  the  low-lying,  arable  lands  of  eastern  Massachusetts ; 
and  of  this  nature  are  about  all  the  lands  first  used  for 
town-sites  and  tillage  by  the  colonists,  notwithstanding 
the  soil  they  aiford  is  not  as  rich  or  as  enduring  as  the 
soils  upon  the  unchanged  boulder  clay."  N.  S.  Shaler, 
Memorial  History  of  Boston,  vol.  1,  p.  6. 


As  a  modifying  agent,  it  is  necessary  to  keep  in 
mind  the  many  small  areas  of  lime  rock,  which  lie  so 
scattered  as  to  make  enumeration  difficult.  Details  are 
given  in  Crosby's  map  of  eastern  Massachusetts. 

Opinions  may  differ  as  to  the  precise  mode  of  origin  of 
the  materials  composing  the  drift,  but  there  can  be  no 
doubt  of  the  main  fact  that  they  represent  the  rocks  with 
which  we  are  familiar  in  New  England,  mostly  consisting 
of  mica  schist,  gneiss,  and  the  like.  In  these  rocks  feld- 
spars abound,  containing  much  potash,  soda  and  lime, — 
materials  which  become  of  use  when  decay  has  reduced 
the  rock  to  the  condition  of  mud  or  clay. 

It  is  not  probable  that  the  decay  of  these  rocks  in  situ 
has  contributed  much  to  the  soil  of  the  region.  They 
are  mostly  durable,  and  it  is  exceptional  to  find  them 
decayed  to  any  great  depth.  The  period  of  time,  too, 
during  which  such  decay  is  conceivable,  is  a  relatively 
short  one  —  since  modern  observers  incline  to  the  view 
that  only  from  6000  to  10,000  years  have  elapsed  since 
the  glacial  period. 

The  diversity  of  physical  conditions  gives  rise  to  a  cor- 
responding variety  in  the  character  of  the  flora.  Poten- 
tilla  tridentata,  Vaccinium  Canadense,  Ribes  prostra- 
turn,  Acer  spicatum,  Abies  balsamea,  Taxus  baccata, 
var.  Canadensis,  and  Dalibarda  repens  have  been  found 
indisputably  native  only  upon  or  near  Mt.  Watatic ;  Viola 
rotundifolia  in  a  deep  ravine  at  Ashby ;  Dirca  palustris 
and  Lonicera  coerulea,  at  Townsend  ;  Alpine  lichens  and 
mosses  are  occasional  upon  high  hills  ;  while  Ledum  lati- 
folium,  Kalmia  glauca,  Andromedia  polifolia,  Chio- 
genes  and  Smilacina  trifolia  linger  here  and  there  in  cold 
sphagnum  swamps. 

A  few  more  southern  species  are  sometimes  met  with, 
among  which  are  Draba  Caroliniana,  Woburn  ;  Draba 


10 

verna,  Medford  ;  Smilax  glauca,  Weston  ;  the  very  rare 
Habenaria  ciliaris,  Lexington;  Pycnanthemum  lini- 
folium,  Reading  ;  Asclepias  verticillata,  in  several  local- 
ities. 

Perhaps  the  most  peculiar  flora  occupies  the  tract  lying 
between  Horn  Pond  Mountain  and  Winchester,  including 
Winter  Pond  and  a  small  sheet  of  water  nearly  dry  in 
midsummer,  to  which  the  name  Round  Pond  has  been 
given  by  botanists.  About  the  borders  of  both  these 
ponds  grows  Coreopsis  rosea  in  abundance  ;  and  on  the 
shores  of  the  former  Ludwigia  polycarpa,  Eleocharis 
Engelmanni,  var.  detonsa,ScIeriareticularis,  and  Cus- 
cuta  arvensis.  It  is  difficult  to  frame  a  satisfactory 
theory  for  the  presence  of  this  little  colony. 

Great  care  has  been  taken  to  mark  clearly  the  dis- 
tinction between  species  believed  to  be  indigenous  within 
the  county  limits,  and  those  introduced  from  without  the 
county,  whether  from  the  old  world,  remote  sections  of 
America,  or  even  other  parts  of  Massachusetts.  To 
exclude  naturalized  species  would  be  to  exclude  some  of 
our  most  common  plants,  and  a  total  of  fully  one-sixth  of 
our  Phanerogams.  The  difficulty  lies  in  drawing  the  line 
between  the  lately  or  locally  naturalized  and  the  purely 
adventive.  Many  introduced  plants,  now  occupying  very 
limited  areas,  will  surely  abide  with  us,  if  undisturbed  by 
man.  They  run  no  greater  risk  of  extermination  than 
many  of  our  attractive  native  plants. 

There  seems  to  be  abundant  reason  for  cataloguing 
adventive  plants,  provided  their  status  be  appropriately 
indicated.  They  are  candidates  for  naturalization. 
Indeed,  when  a  plant  is  called  indigenous,  the  term 
implies  simply  that,  as  far  back  as  any  record  exists,  it 
was  a  part  of  the  flora.  New  plants  have  always  been 
creeping  in  ;  water-courses,  winds  and  birds  of  passage  are 


11 

constantly  spreading  the  area  of  special  forms  of  plant 
life.  When  the  seed  finds  a  suitable  environment,  it 
develops,  and  the  plant  multiplies  oftentimes  with  astonish- 
ing rapidity.  Within  a  hundred  years  every  trace  of  its 
foreign  origin  may  disappear. 

Very  many  species,  too,  have  been  introduced  through 
the  indirect  agency  of  man.  The  highways  and  byways 
mark  the  line  of  march  of  an  invading  army.  Middlesex 
county  has  also  long  been  a  manufacturing  centre,  and 
about  the  cotton  and  more  especially  the  woollen  mills,  a 
strange  flora  is  striving  to  adapt  itself  to  new  climatic 
conditions.  Some  of  these  immigrants  have  undoubtedly 
come  to  stay. 

Other  plants,  directly  introduced,  have  become  thor- 
oughly established,  among  which  may  be  mentioned  the 
Privet,  now  common  everywhere  about  Boston.  The 
late  Minot  Pratt,  an  enthusiastic  botanist,  throughout  a 
period  of  forty  years  sought  to  naturalize  within  the 
limits  of  Concord  plants  from  all  sections  of  the  United 
States.  Some  few  of  these  have  disappeared  altogether, 
others  maintain  a  precarious  existence,  while  still  others 
have  abundantly  increased,  in  some  cases  even  becoming 
troublesome  weeds.  As  these  plants  were  skilfully  set 
out  in  situations  to  correspond  with  their  natural  habitat, 
they  have  often  been  found  by  occasional  collectors,  and 
reported  as  indigenous.  For  this  reason  it  has  been 
thought  best  to  incorporate  in  the  present  work  a  complete 
list  of  such  plants,  taken  from  a  manuscript  volume 
left  by  Mr.  Pratt  to  the  Concord  Public  Library. 

Middlesex  county  has  been  fortunate  in  the  location 
within  its  limits  of  the  Harvard  Botanic  Garden,  the  head- 
quarters of  a  corps  of  able  naturalists,  and  a  centre  of 
scientific  activity.  It  has  also  been  fortunate  in  affording 
to  the  botanists  of  the  neighboring  city  of  Boston  a  con- 
venient field  for  exploration. 


12 

In  1814,  Dr.  Jacob  Bigelow  published  his  Florula 
Bostoniensis,  which  embraced  in  its  plan  a  considerable 
portion  of  Middlesex.  This  work,  which  passed  through 
a  second  edition  in  1824,  and  a  third  in  1840,  became  at 
once  a  standard  authority,  and  gave  a  mighty  impulse  to 
the  study  of  botany. 

For  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century,  B.  D.  Greene,  a 
keen  and  accurate  observer,  whose  ample  fortune  happily 
left  him  at  liberty  to  pursue  his  favorite  study,  herborized 
extensively  in  Tewksbury  and  adjacent  towns.  He  was 
also  an  unconscious  contributor  to  the  Desmid  flora  of  the 
county.  On  specimens  of  Utricularia  collected  by  him  at 
Tewksbury  and  transmitted  to  Swedish  herbaria,  Lager- 
heim  has  detected  seven  new  species  and  fourteen  new 
varieties  of  Desmids  which  are  enumerated  in  their  place 
among  the  Algae. 

Prof.  Edward  Tuckerman,  while  residing  in  Boston  or 
vicinity,  contributed  largely  to  our  knowledge  of  the 
county  flora,  more  especially  of  the  Lichens,  of  which  he 
made  an  extensive  collection. 

Rev.  J.  L.  Russell,  a  diligent  student  of  Cryptogamic 
botany,  while  settled  at  Chelmsford,  made  collections  of 
Musci,  Hepaticee  and  Lichens,  publishing  from  time  to  time 
the  result  of  his  researches. 

George  B.  Emerson,  1840-1845,  repeatedly  traversed 
Middlesex,  as  indeed  every  other  county  of  the  state,  in 
search  of  material  for  his  "Report  on  the  Trees  and 
Shrubs  growing  naturally  in  the  Forests  of  Massachusetts," 
which  appeared  in  1846,  and  has  been  used  ever  since  as 
the  best  available  text-book  for  the  study  of  our  trees. 

Charles  E.  Perkins,  whose  early  death  in  1883  cut  short 
a  botanical  career  of  much  promise,  had  been  at  work  for 
several  years  gathering  data  for  a  Flora  of  Boston  and 


13 

vicinity.  His  notes  and  collections,  bequeathed  to  the 
Middlesex  Institute,  have  been  freely  drawn  upon  in  the 
present  catalogue. 

Of  the  local  botanists,  however,  who  have  passed  on, 
we  are  most  indebted  to  Wm.  Boott,  who  was  born  in 
Boston  in  1805,  and  died  in  the  same  city  in  1887.  "His 
tastes  and  accomplishments  in  early  and  middle  life" 
writes  Dr.  Gray,  "were  literary,  especially  linguistic. 
Probably  he  took  up  botany  at  the  instigation  of  his  brother 
(Dr.  Francis  Boott,  of  London),  and  with  the  design  of 
helping  him  to  the  Carices  of  this  country,  when  Dr.  Boott 
began  the  study  of  this  vast  genus  of  which  he  became  the 
illustrator  and  highest  authority ;  and  Wm.  Boott,  by  a 
kind  of  noblesse  oblige,  after  his  brother's  death,  devoted 
himself  to  this  study."  He  likewise  studied  critically  the 
Potamogetons,  Isoetes,  the  Grasses  and  some  tribes  of 
the  Cyperaceee.  He  was,  moreover,  a  good  general 
botanist,  with  whom  the  zeal  of  the  collector  and  the 
uneasy  spirit  of  original  research  abode  to  the  last.  A 
rare  combination  of  painstaking  care  and  critical  acumen 
made  his  determinations  authoritative,  while  the  many 
summers  he  spent  in  Medford  gave  him  an  extraordinary 
acquaintance  with  the  flora  of  the  neighborhood.  To  the 
preparation  of  this  work,  he  contributed  a  list  of  Middlesex 
plants,  specimens  from  his  herbarium,  and  his  personal 
services  in  the  identification  of  doubtful  species.  Wm. 
Boott  has  left  in  print  a  scanty  record,  but  his  herbarium, 
bequeathed  to  Harvard  University,  gives  a  partial  idea  of 
the  scope  of  his  labors. 

The  number  of  trained  observers  now  in  the  field  is  a 
guarantee  that  the  work  of  their  predecessors  will  be 
worthily  continued.  Discoveries  in  every  class  of  plants 
may  confidently  be  expected. 


14 

The  annexed  species  and  varieties  have  been  founded 
on  specimens  first  collected  in  Middlesex  county. 

Rubus  setosus.    Bigelow,  Fl.  Bost.,  2  ed.,  p.  98. 

"In  a  swamp  at  Sudbury."    Since  reduced  to  a  variety,  Rubus 

hispidus,  L.,  var.  setosus,  Torr.  &  Gray.    Fl.  1,  456. 
Myrophyllum  tenellum.    Bigelow,  Fl.  Bost.,  2  ed.,  p.  346. 

"Edge  of  Fresh  Pond,  and  also  at  Tewksbury." 
Utricularia  resupinata.    B.  D.  Greene  in  Bigelow's  Fl.  Bost., 

3  ed.,  p.  10. 
Potamogeton    gramineus,    L.,    var,    spathulaeformis, 

Robbins. 

Based  upon  P.  spathaeformis,  in  herb.  Tuckerman.     "  Mystic  Pond, 

near  Boston."    Man.,  p.  487. 
Potamogeton  gramineus,  L.,  var.  maximus.    Morong  in 

Middlesex  Fl.,  p.  100. 

Potamogeton  Mysticus.    Morong  in  Bot.  Gaz.,  Vol.  V.,  No.  5. 
Potamogeton  pusillus,   L.,   var.    gemmiparus,    Robbins. 

Based  upon  P.  gemmiparus,  in  herb.  Robbins.     "  Outlet  of  Mystic 

Pond,  near  Boston."    Man.,  p.  489.    Now  restored  by  Morong  to 

its  former  specific  rank  and  name,  P.  gemmiparus,  Robbins. 
Naias  flexilis,  Rostk.,  var.   robusta.    Morong  in  Bot.  Gaz., 

Vol.  X.,  No.  4. 

"  Concord  river." 
Juncus  militaris.    Bigelow,  Fl.  Bost.,  2  ed.,  p.  39. 

"  In  a  pond  at  Tewksbury." 
Asplenium  ebeneum,  Ait.,  var.  serratum,  Gray. 

"Maiden,  Nov.,  1872."    G.  E.  Davenport,  in  Cat.  of  the  Davenport 

Herb. 
Aspidium   Boottii.     Tuckerman,  in  Hovey's  Mag.,   Vol.   IX., 

p.  145  (1843).     (A.  spinulosum,  Swartz,  var.  Boottii,  Man.) 

Lowell  (Wm.  Boott). 
Isoetes  Tuckermani,  Braun. 

Mystic  River  and  Pond,  1848  (E.  Tuckerman). 
Isoetes  echinospora,  Durieu,  'var.  Boottii.      Engelman   in 

Man.,  p.  676. 

Based  upon  Isoetes  Boottii,  Braun  in  litt.    "  Pond  in  Woburn,  near 

Boston,  1867,  partly  out  of  water."     (Wm.  Boott). 
Isoetes  echinospora,  Durieu,  var.  muricata,  Engelman,  in 

Man.,  p.  676. 

"  Woburn  creek  and  Abajona  river"  (Wm.  Boott). 

To  the  above  list  may  be  added  seven1  new  species  and  fourteen 
varieties  of  Desmids.     (See  p.  159). 


15 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


A.  Br.,  Mouogr.— A.  Braun,  Monographie^der,  Characeen. 
Adv.— Adventive. 

Am.  Nat. — American  Naturalist. 

Bailey,  Prel.  Syn.  N.  A.  Carices.— Preliminary  Synopsis  of  North 
American  Carices. 

B.  S.  N.  H.— Boston  Society  of  Natural  History. 

Bigelow's  PL  Bost.-^Jacob  Bigelow's  Florula  Bostoniensis. 

Boiss.  PL  Or.— Boissier,  Flora  Oriental! s. 

Bot.  Cal.— Botany  of  California,  Watson. 

Bot.  Reg.— Botanical  Register. 

Chapman's  S.  Fl.— Flora  of  the  Southern  States. 

Coulter,  R.  M.  Bot.— Manual  of  the  Botany  of  the  Rocky  Mountain 

Regions. 
DC.,  Prodr. — DeCandolle's  Prodromus. 

Gray,  Syn.  PL  N.  A.— Synoptical  Flora  of  North  America. 

Int. — Introduced. 

Koch,  Syn.  Flor.  Germ.— Synopsis  Florae  Germanicae. 

Koch.,    Taschenb.    d.    Deutsch.    &    Schw.   FL— Taschenbuch    der 

Deutschen  und  Schweizerischen  Flora. 
Lesq.  &  James,  Man. — Lesquereux  and  James,  Manual  of  the  Mosses 

of  North  America. 
Man.— Gray's  Man.,  Fifth  Edition. 

Nat.— Naturalized. 

Wood's  Bot.  &  FL— Botanist  and  Florist. 


REFERENCE    MAP 


MIDDLESEX     COUNTY, 


MASSACHUSETTS, 


Showing  the  location  of  Villages,  Hills,  Ponds,  Brooks,  Swamps,  etc. 
Compiled  from   the  latest  revised  Maps 


B  Y 

EDWARD     F\    ADAMS, 
1885. 


19 


MAP   OF  MIDDLESEX  COUNTY. 


In  the  scientific  study,  in  any  branch  of  natural  history, 
of  a  particular  section  of  country,  and  especially  in  the 
study  of  its  flora,  constant  reference  must  be  made  to 
localities  that  can  be  described  only  by  some  topographical 
feature.  It  is  a  convenience,  if  not  a  necessity,  to  know 
the  relative  position  of  these  features.  It  was  to  supply 
this  want  that  the  present  map  was  compiled.  By  using 
reference  letters  and  the  key  instead  of  the  names  in  full 
upon  the  map,  as  is  usual,  a  map  of  pocket  size  was  made 
to  show  more  topographical  features  by  name  than  have 
been  shown  upon  any  wall  map  of  the  county. 

Middlesex  Fells,  comprising  about  four  thousand  acres, 
extends  from  Pine  Hill  in  Medford,  on  the  south,  to  Bear 
Hill,  in  Stoneham,  on  the  north  ;  and  from  Winchester 
easterly  as  far  as  the  B.  &  M.  R.  R.  in  Maiden  and 
Melrose.  No  other  large  tract  of  natural  growth  in  the 
county  has  a  distinctive  name,  although  some  smaller 
places,  such  as  Shaker  Glen  in  the  western  part  of  Lexing- 
ton, and  Pine  Banks  between  Maiden  and  Melrose,  have 
received  special  names  from  those  who  frequent  them. 

E.  P.  A. 
MEDFORD,  Mass.,  May  4,  1888. 


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CATALOGUE  OF  PLANTS. 


PH/EINOGAMIA. 


EXKOQENS. 


RANUNCULACEy-E.    CROWFOOT  FAMILY. 

CLEMATIS,  L. 

C.  Virginiana,  L.    VIRGIN'S  BOWER.    CLEMATIS. 
Common.     July-Aug. 

ANEMONE,  L. 

A.  cylindrica,  Gray.    LONG-FRUITED  ANEMONE. 

Westford  (Misses  Fletcher  and  Hodgman)  ;  Holliston  (F.  S.Collins)  ; 

Townsend  (Miss  H.  E.  Haynes)  ;  Medford  (Win.  Boott).    Not  com- 
mon.   May-June. 
A.  Virginiana,  L. 

Rather  common.    June-July. 
A.  nemorosa,  L.    WOOD  ANEMONE.    WIND-FLOWER. 

Common.    April-May. 
A.  Hepatica,  L.    (Hepatica  triloba,  Chaix ;  Man.)    HEPATICA. 

Rather  common.    April-May. 
*A.  acutiloba,  Lawson.    Hepatica  acutiloba,  DC. ;  Man.) 

Concord;  introduced  from  Vermont  by  Minot  Pratt.    April-May. 

ANEMONELLA,  Spach. 

A.  thalictroides,  Spach.      (Thalictrum  anemonoides,    Michx. ; 
Man.)    RUE  ANEMONE. 
Common.    April-June. 

THALICTRUM,  Tourn.. 

T.  dioicum,  L.    EARLY  MEADOW-RUE. 

Not  rare.     April-May. 

T.  purpurascens,  L.    PURPLISH  MEADOW-RUE. 
Maiden  (R.  Frohock)  ;  Medford  and  Waltham  (Wm.  Boott)  ;  Town- 
send  (Miss  H.  E.  Haynes)  ;  Woburn  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Lowell  (Dr. 
C.  W.  Swan) .    The  form  in  this  county  seems  to  be  var.  cerif  erum 
of  C.  F.  Austin.    Not  common.     June. 

T.  poly  gam  um,  Muhl.    (T.  Cornuti,  L. ;  Man.)    TALL  MEADOW- 
RUE. 
Very  common.    June-Sept. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


RANUNCULUS,  L. 

*J?.  aquatilis,  L.  (R.  aquatilis,  L.,  var.  heterophyllus,  DC. ;  Man.) ; 
FLOATING  WATER-CROWFOOT. 

Newton  (Bigelow's  Fl.  Bost.)  "Not  met  with  for  many  years; 
was  possibly  introduced  from  Europe,  where  this  form  is  common ' ' 
(Man.)  July. 

R.  aquatilis,  L.,  var.  trichophyllus,  Gray.    WHITE  WATER- 
CROWFOOT. 
Ashby,  Wilmington,  Maiden,  et  al.    Not  uncommon.    June-July. 

R.  multifidus,  Pursh.    YELLOW  WATER-CROWFOOT. 
Groton,  Medford,  Concord,  et  al.     Rather  common.     May-June. 

R.  Flammula,  L.,  var.  reptans,  Meyer.  CREEPING  SPEARWORT. 
Lowell,  Groton  and  Tewksbury  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Concord  and 
Lexington  (F.  S.  Collins);  Reading  (W.  H.  Manning).  Widely 
distributed,  but  not  common.  June-Aug. 

R.  Cymbalaria,  Pursh.    SEA-SIDE  CROWFOOT. 
Marshes;  Cambridge  (Bigelow's  Fl.  Bost.);  Medford  (Mrs.  P.  D. 
Richards);  Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins).      Not  very  common.    June- 
Aug. 

R.  abortivus,  L.    SMALL-FLOWERED  CROWFOOT. 
Common.    May- June. 

R.  abortivus,  L.,  var.  micranthus,    Gray. 
Melrose  (C.  J.  Sprague;  Rev.  Thos.  Morong).    United  with  the 
type  by  a  graded  series  of  specimens.    May-June. 

R.  sceleratus,  L.    CURSED  CROWFOOT. 

Somerville  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Cambridge  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  Belmont 
(H.  S.  Richardson)  ;  Waltham  List.  Scarce.  May-July. 

R.  recurvatus,  Poir.    HOOKED  CROWFOOT. 
Maiden,  Belmont,  Lowell,  et  al.    Scarce.    May-June. 

*R.  Pennsylvanicus,  L.  f.    BRISTLY  CROWFOOT. 
Concord,  rare  (Minot  Pratt) . 

R.  fascicularis,  Muhl.    EARLY  CROWFOOT. 
Common.    April-May. 

R.  repens,  L.    CREEPING  CROWFOOT. 
Medford,  Townsend,  Concord,  et  al.    Not  uncommon.    May-July. 

R.  BULBOSUS,  L.    BUTTERCUPS.    BULBOUS  CROWFOOT. 
Very  common.    Forms   with   double    flowers  occasional.      May- 
July.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

R.  ACRIS,  L.    TALL  BUTTERCUPS. 
Very  common.    May-Aug.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

ISOPYRUM,  L. 

*7.  biternatum.    Torr.  and  Gray. 
Concord ;  introduced  from  Michigan  by  Minot  Pratt.    May. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


CALTHA,  L. 

C.  palustris,  L.    MARSH  MARIGOLD. 

Widely  known  by  the  name  of  COWSLIPS,  a  totally  different  plant. 
Frequent.    April-May. 

COPTIS,  Salisb. 

C.  trifolia,  Salisb.    GOLDTHREAD. 
Widely  distributed,  but  not  abundant.    May. 

AQUILEGIA,  Tourn. 

A.  Canadensis,  L.    WILD  COLUMBINE. 

Common.    May-June. 
A.  vulgaris,  L. 

The  common  GARDEN  COLUMBINE  of  Europe.    Concord,  escaped, 

(Minot  Pratt)  ;  et  al.    July. 

DELPHINIUM,  Tourn. 

D.  Consolida,  L.    FIELD  LARKSPUR. 

Stoneham,  rubbish  heap  in  woods,  apparently  spreading,  August, 
1885,  (F.  S.  Collins).    July-Aug.    Int.  from  Eu. 

XANTHORRHIZA,  Marsh. 

*X.  APIIFOLIA,  L'Her.    YELLOW-ROOT. 

Concord.    Found  growing  by  the  roadside  by  Minot  Pratt  ;  locally 
established,  but  can  hardly  be  native.    Nat.  from  the  South. 

,  L. 


A.  spicata,  L.  var.  rubra,  Ait.    KED  BANEBERRY. 
Widely  distributed,  but  nowhere  common.    May-June. 

A.  alba,  Bigel.    WHITE  BANEBERRY.    COHOSH. 
Distribution  as  in  the  preceding.    May-June. 

BERBERIDACE^E.    BARBERRY   FAMILY. 

BERBERIS,  L. 

B.  VULGARIS,  L.    BARBERRY. 

Common.    More  abundant  in  the  eastern  section  of  the  county. 
May-June.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

PODOPHYLLUM,  L. 

P.  PELTATUM,  L.   MAY  APPLE.    MANDRAKE. 
Shirley,  (F.  L.   Sargent)  ;    Framingham,   (Rev.  J.  H.  Temple)  ; 
Burlington,  (Miss  M.  E.  Carter).    May-June.    Nat.  from  farther 
west. 


MIDDLESEX    FLOKA. 


NYMPH^EACE^E.    WATER-LILY   FAMILY. 

BRASENIA,  Schreb. 

B.  peltata,  Pursh.     WATER-SHIELD. 
Common.    July-Aug. 

NELUMBIUM,  Juss. 

N.  LUTEUM,  Willd.    YELLOW  NELUMBO.    WATER  CHINQUEPIN. 
Concord  River,  Concord,  (Walter  Deane;  specimen  in  herb.  of). 
July-Aug.    Introduced  from  the  South. 

NYMPH^EA,  Tourn. 

N.  odorata,  Ait.    WHITE  POND-LILY. 

Common.    June-Aug. 
*N.  odorata,  Ait.    var.  minor,  Sims. 

Concord  (H.  S.  Kichardson). 

NUPHAR,   Smith. 

N.  advena,  Ait.    YELLOW  POND-LILY.    COW-LILY. 

Common.    May- Aug. 
N.  Kalmianum,  Ait.   (!N".  luteum,  Smith,  var.   pumilum;    Man.) 

SMALLER  COW-LILY. 

Walden  Pond,  Concord  (J.  L.  Russell,  Hovey's  Mag.  Vol.  XXI)  ; 

Sudbury  (Bigelow's  PI.  Bost.)  ;  Concord  River,  Tewksbury  (C.  W. 

Jenks).    Not  common.    Aug.-Sept. 

SARRACENIACE^E,  PITCHER-PLANT   FAMILY. 

SARRACENIA,  Tourn. 

S.  purpurea,  L.    PITCHER-PLANT.    SIDE-SADDLE  FLOWER. 
Rather  common.    May-June. 

PAPAVERACEy^E,    POPPY    FAMILY. 

ARGEMONE,  L. 

A.  Mexicana,  L.    MEXICAN  POPPY. 

Cambridge ;  occasional  in  waste-heaps,  with  a  white  variety  (Walter 
Deane ;  specimen  in  herb,  of.)  July-Sept.  Int.  from  tropical 
America. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


CHELIDONIUM,  L. 

C.  MAJUS,  L.    CELANDINE. 

Common  near  dwellings.  Among  the  earliest  plants  introduced 
from  Europe.  May-July. 

SANGUINARIA,  Dill. 

S.  Canadensis,  L.    BLOOD-ROOT. 
Generally  distributed,  but  found  in  small  patches.    April-May. 

FUMARIACE>E.    FUMITORY  FAMILY. 

ADLUMIA,  Raf. 

A.  CIRRHOSA,  Raf.    FUMITORY. 

Persistent  for  years  in  an  old  garden  at  Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ; 
Concord ;  introduced  from  the  West  by  Minot  Pratt ;  now  locally 
established. 

DICENTRA,  Bork. 

*D.  CUCULLARIA,  DC.    DUTCHMAN'S  BREECHES. 

Concord ;  introduced  from  the  West  by  Minot  Pratt ;  now  locally 
established.  Doubtfully  reported  elsewhere  in  the  county.  May. 

CORYDALIS,  Vent. 

C.  glauca,  Pursh.    PALE  CORYDALIS. 

Not  uncommon.    May-Aug. 
*C.  aurea,  Wild.    GOLDEN  CORYDALIS. 

"Near  Nobscot,  Framingham;  found  about  fifteen  years  ago;  not 

since  reported."    (Rev.  J.  H.  Temple.) 

FUMARIA,  L. 

F.  OFFICINALIS,  L.    FUMITORY. 

Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Medford  (L.  L.  Dame)  ;  Ashland  (Rev. 
Thos.  Morong)  ;  Natick  (Austin  Bacon) .  Persistent  in  old  gardens. 
June-Aug.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

CRUCIFER^E.    MUSTARD    FAMILY. 
NASTURTIUM,  R.  Br. 

N.  OFFICINALE,  R.  Br.      TRUE  WATER-CRESS. 

Somerville  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Groton  (C.  W.  Jenks) ;  Medford, 
abundant  (L.  L.  Dame);  Belmont,  abundant  (Walter  Deane). 
June-July.  Nat.fromEu. 


MIDDLESEX    FLOKA. 


N.  SYLVESTRE,  R.  Br.      YELLOW  CRESS. 

Medford,  1887  (F.  S.  Collins)  ;  Newton  (C.  J.  Sprague;  Man.  1859). 
May-June.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

N.  palustre,  DC.    MARSH  CRESS. 

Somerville,  Cambridge,  Framingham,  Groton,  et  al.  Rather  com- 
mon. May-July. 

N.  ARMORACIA,  Fries.    HORSERADISH. 

Often  found  escaped,  from  cultivation.  Apparently  persistent. 
May-June.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

N.  amphibium,  R.  Br.   var.  auriculatum,  Reich. 
Cambridge,  rubbish-heap,  1884  (Walter  Deane ;   specimen  in  herb, 
of).    Adv.  from  Eu. 

"Pod  elliptical  or  oblong,  three  or  four  times  shorter  than  the 
pedicel ;  immersed  leaves  undivided,  lanceolate,  attenuate  at  both 
ends,  sessile ;  upper  leaves  pectinato-pinnatifid  or  lyrate ;  petals 
longer  than  the  calyx;  var.  auriculatum,  DC.  Leaves  furnished 
with  small  auricles  at  the  base."  Koch,  Syn.  Flor.  Germ. 

DENTARIA,  L.    PEPPER-ROOT. 

D.  diphylla,  Michx. 

Arlington  (E.  Tuckerman)  ;  Belmont,  specimen  in  the  Boott  herb. 

May. 
D.  heterophylla,  Nutt. 

Lowell   (Albert  S.   Guild;  W.  P.   Atwood).     Rare.     Apr.-May. 

Adv.  from  the  South. 
*D.  laciniata,  Muhl. 

Belmont,  near  Railroad  Station  (Win.  Boott).    Apr.-May. 

CARDAMINE,  L. 

C.  rhomboidea,  DC.    WHITE  SPRING-CRESS. 
Medford  and  Belmont  (F.  S.  Collins)  ;   Woburn  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ; 
Framingham  (Rev.  J.  H.  Temple)  ;  et  al.    May. 

*  C.jrhprnboidea,  DC.,  var.  purpurea,  Torr.   PURPLE  SPRING- 
CRESS. 
Arlington,  May  8,  1865  (Wm.  Boott). 

C.  hirsuta,  L.    SMALL  BITTER-CRESS. 
Common.     May- June. 

C.  hirsuta,  L.,  var.  sylvatica,  Gray. 
Melrose  and  Medford  (F.  S.  Collins).    May-June. 

ARABIS,  L. 

A.  hirsuta,  Scop.    HAIRY  ROCK-CRESS. 
Somerville  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  June-July. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


A.  laevigata,  Poir.    SMOOTH  ROCK-CRESS. 

Mel  rose  and  Medford  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  Pine  Hill,  Medford,  1885 
(Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Woburn  (Wm.  Boott).  Not  common.  May- 
June. 

A.  Canadensis,  L.    SICKLE-POD. 
Medford,  Chelmsford,  Acton,  et  al.    Not  common. 

A.  perfoliata,  Lam.    TOWER  MUSTARD. 

Maiden  and  West  Medford  (Wm.  Boott);  Billerica  (Dr.  C.  W. 
Swan).  Eare.  June-July. 

A.  confinis,  Wats.     (A.  Drummondii,  Gray;  Man.) 

Dracut  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Concord  (Walter  Deane).  Rare.  June 
July. 

BARBAREA,  R.  Br. 

B.  VULGARIS,  R.  Br.    YELLOW  ROCKET.     WINTER  CRESS. 
Common.     The  forms  known  as  var.  STRICTA,  Regel,  Somerville 
and  Tewksbury  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins)  ;  and  var. 
ARCUATA,    Koch,  Lowell   (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).      May-June.     Thor- 
oughly established,  but  probably  naturalized  from  Eu. 

ERYSIMUM,  L. 

E.  cheiranthoides,  L.    WORM-SEED  MUSTARD. 
Medford,  1866  (Wm.  Boott) ;  Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  along  rail- 
road, Lowell ;  near  woollen  mills,   Westf ord  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ; 
occasional  along  the  B.  &  A.  R.  R.,  Ashland  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 
June- July. 

E.  repandum,  L. 

Westf  ord,  woollen-mill  yard,  a  few  plants,  1884  and  1885  (Dr.  C. 
W.  Swan).  July.  Adv.  from  Eu. 

"Stem5-10in.  high.  Leaves  lanceolate,  acuminate,  crenate  or  repand- 
dentate,  or  entire,  recurved  at  the  tip,  somewhat  rough-hairy. 
Flowers  yellow,  pedicels  half  the  length  of  the  calyx.  Pods  obtusely 
four-angled,  nearly  terete,  scarcely  larger  than  the  horizontally 
patent  pedicel."  Wagner,  Deutsche  Flora. 

SlSYMBRIUM,  L. 
S.  OFFICINALE,  Scop.      HEDGE  MUSTARD. 

Common.     June-Sept.    Nat.  from  Eu. 
S.  Sophia,  L. 

Chelmsford,  abundant  on  a  small  patch  of  waste  ground  in  1884, 

wholly  gone  in  1885  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    June.    Adv.  from  Eu. 
jS.  Pannonicum,  Jacq. 

Westf  ord,  woollen-mill  yard ;  Tewksbury,  roadside,  a  few  plants  in 

a  limited  area  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    June-July, 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


"Lower  leaves  runcinate-pinnatifid,  laciniae  dentate  with  auriculate 
base,  auricle  ascending;  upper  leaves  pinnate,  pinnae  all  narrowly 
linear ;  sepals  widely  spreading ;  pods  and  pedicels  of  about  equal 
diameter,  spreading." 

Koch,  Syn.  Flor.  Germ. 

S.  Lceselii,  L. 

Westford,  woollen-mill  yard,  1884  and  1885  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan). 
July- Aug.  Adv.  from  Eu. 

"Stem  1-3  ft.  high,  hispid  with  stiff  hairs,  as  are  also  the  lower  leaves. 
Leaves  runcinate-pinnatifid,  the  terminal  segment  very  large,  has- 
tate ;  calyx  patent ;  pods  ascending,  twice  the  length  of  the  spread- 
ing pedicels,  the  younger  shorter  than  the  convex  cluster." 

Wagner,  Deutsche  Flora. 

S.  incisum,  Engelm. 

N.  Chelmsford,  in  wool-waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott ;  specimen  in 
herb.  of).  Adv.  from  Cal. 

BRASSICA,  Tourn. 

B.  SINAPISTRUM,  BoisS.      CHARLOCK.      YELLOW  MUSTARD. 

Westford,  Medford,  Ashland,  et  al.  Rather  common  in  waste 
grounds.  June-Aug.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

B.  ALBA,  Gray.    WHITE  MUSTARD. 

Groton  and  Dracut,  waste-heaps  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Somerville 
(C.E.Perkins).  June-July.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

B.  NIGRA,  Koch.    BLACK  MUSTARD. 

Persistent  about  dwellings  as  a  relic  of  cultivation.  Rather  com- 
mon. June-Aug.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

B.  campestris,  L.    KALE. 

Persistent  in  old  gardens,  and  common  on  "dumps."  June-July. 
Int.  from  Eu.  The  cultivated  forms  of  B.  campestris,  B.  Rapa,  L. 
Turnip,  and  B.  Napus,  L.  Rape,  are  often  persistent.  For  de- 
scription, see  Wood's  Bot.  &  Fl. 

DRAB  A,  L. 
*D.  arabisans,  Michx. 

Concord;  introduced  from  Vermont  by  Minot  Pratt.     May-June. 
D.  Caroliniana,  Walt. 

Woburn  (C.  E.  Perkins).    Precise  locality  now  unknown.    May. 
D.  verna,  L.    WHITLOW  GRASS. 

West  Medford  (Wm.  Boott).    This  rare  plant  has  appeared  every 

spring  for  many  years  in  the  gravelly  paths  of  a  garden.    No  other 

locality  is  known.    Apr.-May. 

ALYSSUM,  Tourn. 
A.  calycinum,  L. 

Medford  (G.  E.  Davenport);  Somerville  (C.  E.  Perkins).  May. 
Adv.  from  Eu. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  9 

CAMELINA,  Crantz. 

C.  sativa,  Crantz.    FALSE  FLAX. 

Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  Westforcl,  woollen-mill  yard  (Dr.  C.  W. 
Swan)  ;  Medford  (Wm.  Boott).  June-July.  Adv.  from  Eu. 

CAPSELLA,  Vent. 

C.  BURSA-PASTORIS,  Moench.    SHEPHERD'S  PURSE. 
Everywhere.    Apr.-Nov.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

THLASPI,  Tourn. 

T.  arvense,  L.    MITHRIDATE  MUSTARD. 

Somerville  (C.E.Perkins);  Lowell;  Chelmsford,  two  localities, 
one  in  a  field  which  had  been  cultivated ;  numerous  plants  in 
another  which  had  been  dressed  with  wool-waste ;  no  evidence  of 
permanent  residence  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  May.  Adv.  from  Eu. 

LEPIDIUM,  L. 

L.  Virginicum,  L.    WILD  PEPPERGRASS. 
Common.    June-Sept. 

L.  RUDERALE,  L. 

Lowell  and  Chelmsford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Somerville  and  Cam- 
bridge (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Weston  (F.  S.  Collins).  Rather  common 
in  the  eastern  section  of  the  county.  The  rare  form  with  petali- 
f erous  flowers  has  been  found  at  Maiden.  May-June.  Nat.  from  Eu. 
L.  CAMPESTRE,  R.  Br. 

Newton  (C.  J.  Sprague)  ;  Cambridge  (T.  W.  Harris,  Hovey's  Mag. 
Vol.  VI,  1840) ;  Maiden ;  Melrose,  not  uncommon,  1884  and  1885, 
(F.  S.  Collins)  ;  Lowell,  on  the  road-bed  of  the  B.  &  M.  R.  R.  (Dr. 
C.  W.  Swan).  June.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

SENEBIERA,  DC. 
S.  didyma,  Pers. 

Cambridge,  in  walks  (L.  H.  Bailey,  Jr.)  "An  immigrant  from 
farther  south."  Man.  May-June. 

ISATIS,  L. 

/.  tinctoria,  L.    Wo  AD. 

Newton  (C.  J.  Sprague),  fide  specimen  in  herb.  B.  S.  N.  H.  Adv. 
from  Eu.  For  description,  see  Wood's  Bot.  &  Fl. 

CAKILE,  Tourn. 

C.  Americana,  Nutt.    SEA-ROCKET. 

Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins);  Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins).  .  Along  the 
Mystic.  July-Aug. 


10  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 

RAPHANUS,  L. 

K.  RAPHANISTRUM,  L.  WILD  RADISH.    JOINTED  CHARLOCK. 
A  common  weed  in  cultivated  fields.    May- July.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

HESPERIS,  L. 

H.  MATRONALIS,  L.      ROCKET. 

Reading,  escaped  (W.  H.  Manning)  ;  Maiden,  persistent  for  ten  years 
in  one  locality  and  spreading  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  Stoneham  (B.  F. 
Gordon) ;  Arlington  (L.  L.  Dame).  Appears  to  be  sparingly 
established.  June.  Nat.  from  Eu.  For  description,  see  Wood's 
Bot.  &F1. 

TROPIDOCARPUM,  Hook. 

u  Pod  linear,  flattened  laterally,  often  one-celled  by  the  disappear- 
ance of  the  narrow  partition ;  valve  carinate,  one-nerved.  Seeds  in 
two  rows,  minute,  flattened,  not  winged;  cotyledons  incumbent. 
Style  short.  A  low,  slender,  hirsute,  branching  annual,  with 
pinnately  divided  leaves,  and  yellow  solitary  axillary  flowers." 
Bot.  Cal. 

T.  gracile,  Hook. 

Wool-waste,  N.  Chelmsford  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott ;  specimen  in  herb, 
of).  Adv.  from  Cal. 

"  Stems  weak,  2  feet  high  or  less ;  leaves  pinnatifid  or  rarely 
2-pinnatifid,  with  narrow  or  linear  segments ;  flowers  in  the  axils 
of  the  upper  bract-like  leaves ;  petals  li  to  3  lines  long,  nearly 
twice  longer  than  the  obtuse  sepals ;  pods  6  to  20  lines  long,  more 
than  a  line  broad,  pointed  at  both  ends,  ascending  on  slender 
spreading  pedicels  10  to  20  lines  long."  Bot.  Cal. 

VIOLACE/E.    VIOLET    FAMILY. 

V.  rotund  if  olia,  Michx.    ROUND-LEAVED  VIOLET. 

Townsend  (Miss  H.  E.  Haynes)  ;  Frarningham,  rare  (Rev.  J.  H. 

Temple) ;  Ashby,  rare  (L.  L.  Dame)  ;  Concord,  introduced  from 

Vermont  by  Minot  Pratt.    April-May, 
V.  lanceolata,  L.    LANCE-LEAVED  VIOLET. 

Common.     April- June. 
V,  primulifolia,  L.    PRIMROSE-LEAVED  VIOLET. 

Less  common  than  the  preceding.     April-June. 
V.  blanda,  Willd.    SWEET  WHITE  VIOLET. 

Common.     April-June. 
V.  ODORATA,  L.    ENGLISH  VIOLET. 

Ashland,    sparingly    naturalized  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong;   specimen 

in  herb.  of).     Int.  from. Eu. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  11 


V.  palmata,  L.    HAND-LEAVED  VIOLET. 

Groton  (C.  W.  Jenks) ;  Melrose  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong) ;  Stoneham 
(G.  E.  Davenport) ;  Fresh  Pond,  Cambridge,  specimen  in  Gray 
Herb.  April -June. 

"  The  late  Prof.  Tuckerman  long  ago  (1839)  collected  at  Concord 
specimens  which  would  surely  pass  for  V.  pedatifida,  if  from  the 
valley  of  the  Mississippi."  UV.  pedatifida  is  indeed  probably  only  a 
marked  geographical  variety  of  V.  palmata."  Gray's  Rev.  N.  A. 
Violets. 

V.  palmata,  L.,  var.  cucullata,  Gray. 

The  common  county  form;  including  var.  CO  rdata,  Cambridge, 

(T.  W.  Harris,  Hovey's  Mag.,  Vol.  VI.,  1840;  C.  E.  Perkins.  1882). 

April-June. 
V.  sagittata,  Ait.    ARROW-LEAVED  VIOLET. 

Very  common.    April-June. 
V.  pedata,  L.    BIRD-FOOT  VIOLET.    HORSE-SHOE  VIOLET. 

Common.    Often  light  blue  or  white.     May-June. 
V.  canina,  L.,  var.  Muhlenbergii,    Gray   (V.    canina,  L.,  var. 

sylvestris,  Regel,  Man.)    DOG  VIOLET. 

Widely  distributed,  but  not  common.    May-July. 

*  V.  rostrata,  Muhl. 

Concord,  introduced  from  the  North  by  Minot  Pratt.    June-July. 

*  V.  striata,  Ait.    PALE  VIOLET. 

Concord,  introduced  from  the  West  by  Minot  Pratt.    May-July. 
V.  Canadensis,  L. 

Concord,  introduced  from  the  North  by  Minot  Pratt ;  doubtfully 

reported  elsewhere.    July. 
V.  pubescens,  Ait.  (including  var.  eriocarpa,  Nutt.,  of  Man.) 

YELLOW  VIOLET. 

Throughout  the  county,  but  nowhere  abundant.    May. 
V.  TRICOLOR,  L.    PANSY.    HEART'S  EASE. 

Somerville  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Ashland,  naturalized  about  old  houses 

(Rev.  Thos.  Morong).    April-May.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

*  V.  cornuta,  L. 

Concord,  introduced  from  Europe  by  Minot  Pratt. 
"Root   fibrous,    diffuse;    stems  ascending;  leaves  cordate-ovate, 
crenate,  ciliate ;  stipules  obliquely  cordate,  inciso-dentate,  ciliate ; 
sepals  subulate;  the  subulate  spur  longer  than  the  calyx."    DC., 
Prodr.  I.  301. 


12  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


CISTACE/E.    ROCK-ROSE    FAMILY. 


HELIANTHEMUM,  Tourn. 

H.  Canadense,  Michx.    FROST-WEED. 
Common.    June-Aug. 

LECHEA,  L.    PIN  WEED. 

L.  major,  Michx. 

Kather  common.    Aug-Sept. 

L.  thymifolia,  Pursh.,    (including  L.  maritima,  Legg.) 
Chelmsford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Newton  (C.  J.  Sprague)  ;  Bedford 
(Mrs.  C.  M.  Fitch  V     Aug.-Sept.    Too  near  L.  minor. 

L.  tenuifolia,  Michx. 

Maiden,  Winchester,  Westford,  et  al.  Kather  common.  Aug-Sept. 
"Leaves  of  radical  shoots  lanceolate,  much  longer  than  broad. 
Generally  low  and  spreading;  capsules  large  and  conspicuous. 
The  inner-sepals  even  when  broad,  have  only  a  midrib,  and  no  side 
veins  ;  all  the  other  species  have  more  or  less  distinctly  3  veins  or 
ribs,  rising  from  the  base.  The  outer  sepals  about  equal  the  inner 
in  length."  W.  H.  Leggett  in  Torrey  Bulletin,  VI.  251. 

L.  minor,  L.,     (including  L.   intermedia,    Legg.?    and    L.  minor 
var.  intermedia,  Legg.) 
Westford,  Bedford,  Cambridge,  et  al.  Rather  common.    July-Sept. 

L.  racemulosa,  Lam. 
Ashland  and  Melrose  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 

"Leaves  of  radical  shoots  elliptical,  ovate,  or  oblong,  not  more 
than  two  or  three  times  as  long  as  broad.  Easily  distinguished  by 
its  slender  spreading  pedicels,  oblong  flowers,  and  broadly  lanceo- 
late stem  leaves.  Outer  sepals  shorter."  W.  H.  Leggett  in  Torrey 
Bulletin,  VI.  251. 


DROSERACE/E.    SUNDEW    FAMILY. 

DROSERA,  L. 

D.  rotundifolia,  L.    ROUND-LEAVED  SUNDEW. 

Not  uncommon.    July- Aug. 
D.  intermedia,  Drev.  and  Hayne,  var.  Americana,   DC.  (D. 

longifolia,  L.,  Man.) 
Common.     July-Aug. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


HYPERICACEy^E.    ST.  JOHN'S- WORT    FAMILY. 

HYPERICUM,  L. 

H.  ellipticum,  Hook. 

Medford,  Tewksbury,  Chelmsford,  et  al.  Not  uncommon.  June- 
Aug. 

H.   PERFORATUM,  L.      ST.  JOHN'S-WORT. 

Common.    June-Aug.     Nat.  from  Eu. 
H.  maculatum,  Walt.  (H.  corymbosum,  Muhl.,  Man.) 

Not  uncommon.    July-Aug. 
H.  mutilum,  L. 

Common.    July-Sept. 
H.  Canadense,  L. 

Very  common.    June-Sept. 
H.  nudicaule,  Walt.  (H.  Sarothra,  Michx,  Man.) 

Very  common.    June-Sept. 

ELODEA,  Juss.,  Pursh. 

E.campanulata,  Pursh.    (Elodes  Virginica,  Nutt,  Man.) 
Common.    July-Aug. 

ELATINACE^.    WATER-WORT  FAMILY. 

ELATINE,  L. 

E.  Americana,  Am. 

Mystic  Pond  (C.  E.  Perkins);  Fresh  Pond  (Bigelow's  Fl.  Bost, 
under  Crypta  minima)  ;  Arlington  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 

CARYOPHYLLACE>E.  PINK    FAMILY. 

DlANTHUS,  L. 

D,  ARMERIA,  L.    DEPTFORD  PINK. 

Maiden,  Medford,  Reading,  et  al.  Rather  scarce.  July-Aug.  Nat. 
from  Eu.  » 

D.  deltoides,  L.    Ashland,  spontaneous  in  old  gardens  (Rev.  Thos. 
Morong) . 

"  A  low  plant  with  perennial  rootstock,  producing  a  tuft  of  procum- 
bent leafy  shoots ;  the  annual  flowering  stems  erect  or  ascending^ 
smooth  or  slightly  hairy,  5  or  10  in.  high,  dichotomously  branched 
above.  Leaves  a  third  of  an  inch  long,  green,  smooth,  obtuse, 
the  upper  somewhat  acute.  Flowers  rather  small,  scentless,  purple 
or  whitish,  spotted,  singly  or  in  pairs,  on  short  pedicels.  Sepals  with 


14  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 

pointed  teeth ;  the  involucral  bracts  abruptly  acuminate  to  an  acute 
point,  which   reaches  about  one-third  the  length  of  the  calyx.' 
Wagner,  Deutsche  Flora. 
D.  barbatus,  L.    SWEET  WILLIAM. 

Wilmington  (F.  S.  Collins).  Growing  in  a  thicket,  remote  from 
dwellings.  June  to  July.  Adv.  from  Eu.  For  description,  see 
Wood's  Bot.  &  Fl. 

SAPONARIA,  L. 

S.  OFFICINALIS,  L.      SOAPWORT.      BOUNCING  BET. 

Rather  common.    July-Sept.    Nat.  from  Eu. 
S.   Vaccaria,  L.     (Vaccaria  vulgaris,  Host.,  Man.)     Cow  HERB. 
Lowell,  u  dumps"  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Adv.  from  Eu. 

GYPSOPHILA,  L. 

u  Annual  or  perennial  branching  plants  with  entire,  narrow  leaves  and 
numerous,  white  or  reddish  flowers,  Calyx  bell-shaped,  5-toothed 
or-cleft,  without  involucre  at  the  base,  with  as  many  or  three  times 
as  many  longitudinal  nerves  as  teeth.  Petals  wedge-shaped,  nar- 
rowed in  the  claw,  without  scale.  Capsule  unilocular,  opening  with 
4  teeth."  Wagner,  Deutsche  Flora. 

@.  muralis,  L. 

Escaped  from  gardens,  Bedford  and  Dracut  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan). 
"  A  delicate  plant  with  stiffly  erect  stems  1-5  in.  high,  forking ; 
flowers  distant  in  an  open  panicle.    Leaves  linear,  attenuate  at  both 
ends.    Petals  rose  red  with  dark  veins."    Wagner,  Deutsche  Flora. 

SILENE,  L. 

S.  INFLATA,  Smith.    BLADDER  CAMPION. 

Common,  at  least  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  county.  June- July. 
Nat.  from  Eu. 

S.  Pennsylvanica,  Michx.    WILD  PINK. 
Not  uncommon.    May- June. 

S.  Armeria,  L.    SWEET  WILLIAM  CATCHFLY. 

Beading  (W.  H.  Manning)  ;  Medford  (G.  E.  Davenport)  ;  Concord 
(Minot  Pratt) .  Escaped  from  gardens.  July.  Adv.  from  Eu. 

S.  antirrhina,  L.    SLEEPY  CATCHFLY. 
Medford,  Lowell,  Billerica,  et  al.    Not  uncommon.    May-July. 

S.  quinquevulnera,  L. 

Reading,  escaped  (W.  H.  Manning).  Adv.  from  Eu.  For  descrip- 
tion, see  Wood's  Bot.  &  Fl. 

S.   NOCTIFLORA,  L.      NlGHT-FLOWERING  CATCHFLY. 

Maiden,  Reading,  Lowell,  Ashland,  et  al.  Widely  distributed,  but 
not  very  common.  The  Silene  nocturna  of  Bigelow's  FL  Bost.,  and 
of  Dewey's  Report  was  probably  this  plant.  June-Aug.  Nat.  from 
Eu. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  15 

S.  apetala,  Willd. 

Lexington,  growing  with  Anychia  capillacea,  on  a  wooded  hill- 
side, Aug.  6, 1883  (C.  W.  Jenks).     Probably  adv.  from  Eu. 
"Hoary  pubescent;  stein  erect,  branching;  leaves  lanceolate,  the 
upper  linear;    flowers    few,    terminal,    or    in    the    forks,    calyx 
obovate,  10-striate;  petals  none."    DC.  Prodr.,  I.  369. 

LYCHNIS,  Tourn. 
L.  DIOICA,  L. 

Medfordand  Cambridge  (C.  E.  Perkins);  Ashland,  established, 
(Rev.  Thos.  Morong).  Scarce.  Nat.  from  Eu.  For  description, 
see  Wood's  Class-Book. 

L.  vespertina,  Sibth. 
Cambridge,  (fide  specimen  in  Gray  Herb.) 

L.  Grithago,  Lam.    CORN  COCKLE. 

Westford  (Miss  Emily  F.  Fletcher) ;  Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ; 
Ashland,  grain-field  by  railroad  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong);  Concord, 
cornfields  (Minot  Pratt).  According  to  Dewey's  Rep.  on  Herb. 
Plants,  1840,  "scarcely  naturalized,  but  propagated  with  the  wheat ;" 
no  more  evidence  of  naturalization  at  present.  June-July. 

ARENARIA,  L. 

A.  SERPYLLIFOLIA,  L.      THYME-LEAVED  SANDWORT. 

Rather  common.    May-Sept.    Nat.  from  Eu. 
A.  lateriflora,  L. 
Common  eastward.    May -June. 

STELLARIA,  L. 
S.  MEDIA,  Smith.    CHICKWEED. 

Everywhere.    April-Nov.    Nat.  from  Eu. 
S.  longifolia,  Muhl.    LONG-LEAVED  STITCHWORT 

Lowell  (Miss  M.  Swan).    Scarce.    June-July. 

S.   GRAMINEA,  L. 

Maiden  and  Belmont  (F.  S.  Collins)  ;  Watertown  (L.  H.  Bailey, 

Jr.);  Winchester  (C.   E.  Perkins);  Cambridge  (Walter  Deane) ; 

Ashland    (Rev.    Thos.    Morong).     Not  uncommon.    June-July. 

Nat.  from  Eu. 

Often  confounded  with  the  preceding,  but  its  affinities  are  rather 

with  S.  longipes  of  the  Manual  from  which  it  differs  in  the  always 

linear-lanceolate  leaves  (broadest  above  the  base),  the  divaricate 

pedicels,  and  more  elongated  inflorescence. 
S.  uliginosa,  Murr.    SWAMP  STITCHWORT. 

Lowell,  July  11, 1883  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Rare. 
S.  boreal  is,  Bigel.    NORTHERN  STITCHWORT, 

Ashby  (Dr.  C.   W.  Swan);  Tewksbury  (J.  R.  Churchill,  1884); 

Waltham  (F.  S.  Collins).    May-June. 


16  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


S.  aquatica,  Scop. 

" Newton ville,  Aug.,  1881,  beside  the  R.  R.  track,"  (C.  J.  Sprague.) 
Spechnen'in  herb.  B.  S.  N.  H.  This  should  not  be  confounded  with 
S.  aquatica,  Pollich,  of  the  Man.  1st  Ed.,  which  is  S.  uliginosa, 
Murr.  Adv.  from  Eu. 

*'  Stem  diffusely  branched,  decumbent.  Flowering  stems  branched 
below  the  cyme.  Leaves  ovate,  acute  or  acuminate;  the  lower 
ones  on  footstalks  shorter  than  the  laminae,  the  middle  and  upper 
ones  sessile.  Flowers  numerous,  in  dichotomous  cymes  terminat- 
ing the  stem  and  branches.  Sepals  lanceolate,  rather  obtuse, 
faintly  1-nerved,  with  broad  scarious  margins,  the  herbaceous 
part  with  short  gland-tipped  hairs.  Fruit  stalks  spreading  or 
reflexed.  Capsule  drooping,  longer  than  the  sepals,  ovate-conical. 
Stem  with  short  gland-tipped  hairs."  Sowerby,  Eng.  Bot.,  11.91, 

CERASTIUM,  L. 

C.  VISCOSUM,  L.    MOUSE-EAR  CHICKWEED. 

Common.     April-Sept.     Nat.  from  Eu. 
C.  arvense,  L.    FIELD  CHICKWEED. 

Concord  (H.  S.  Richardson) ;  Ashland  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong) ; 
Framinghaui  (Miss  J.  W.  Williams);  Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins). 
Rare.  May-June. 

SAGINA,  L. 

S.  procumbens,  L.    PEARLWORT. 

Walthani  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Ashland  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong) ;  Med- 
ford (F.  S.  Collins).  Sometimes  growing  in  brick  sidewalks ;  scarce. 
June-July. 

LEPIGONUM,  Fries. 

L.  rubrum,  Fries.      (Spergularia  rubra,  Presl,  var.    campestris, 

Man.) 

Rather  common.     May-Aug. 
L.  salinum,  Fries,  (Spergularia  salina,  Presl,  Man.) 

Salt  marshes;  Cambridge  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Medford  (F.  S.  Collins). 

July. 
L.  medium,  Fries.     (Spergularia  media,  Presl,  Man.) 

Salt  marshes ;  Medford  and  Everett  (F.  S.  Collins).    July. 

SPERGULA,  L. 

S.  ARVENSIS,  L.    CORN  SPURREY. 

Lowell,  Cambridge,  Concord,  et  al.  Not  uncommon.  June-Aug. 
Nat.  from  Eu. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  17 


PARONYCHI/E.    WHITLOW-WORT   FAMILY. 

ANYCHIA,  Michx. 

A.  capillacea,    DC.    (A.    dichotoma  of  Man.,  in  part.) 
Lexington  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  et  al.    July. 

SCLERANTHUS,  L. 

S.  annuus,  L.    Knawel. 
Common.    June-July. 

FICOIDE^. 

MOLLUGO,   L. 
M.   VERTICILLATA,  L.      CARPET- WEED. 

A  very  common  weed.    June-Sept.    Nat.  from  the  South. 

PORTULACACE^E.    PURSLANE    FAMILY. 

PORTULACA,  Tourn. 

P.  OLERACEA,  L.    PURSLANE;  the  "  Pusley"  of  the  farmer. 

In  cultivated  land  everywhere.   Still  used  to  some  extent  as  "  table 

greens."    July-Sept.    Nat.  from  Eu. 
P.  pilosa,  L. 

Lowell,  escaped  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Int.  from  the  South. 

4 'Leaves  linear,  obtuse,  with  a  tuft  of  hairs  in  the  axils;  flowers 

purple;  stamens  about  20."    Chapman's  S.  Fl. 

CLAYTONIA,  L.    SPRING  BEAUTY. 

*C.  Virginica,  L. 

Concord,  introduced  from  Indiana  by  Minot  Pratt.    April-May. 
'C.  Caroliniana,  Michx. 

Ashby  (E.  Adams  Hartwell).    The  Concord  plant  was  introduced 

from  Vermont  by  Minot  Pratt.    April-May. 

MALVACE/E.    MALLOW    FAMILY. 
MALVA,  L. 

M.  ROTUNDIFOLIA,  L.     MALLOW. 

Common.    June-Sept.    Nat.  from  Eu. 


18  MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 

M.  cmpa,    L.    CURLED  MALLOW. 

Reading  (R.  Frohock)  ;  Ashland,  spontaneous  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 
Adv.  from  Eu. 

M.  moschata,  L.    MUSK  MALLOW. 

Lowell,  roadside  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Maiden  (R.  Frohock).  July- 
Sept.  Adv.  from  Eu. 

M.  Alcea,  L. 

Dracut,  roadside ;  Lowell,  railroad  bed ;  Hopkinton,  roadside  (Dr. 
C.  W.  Swan);  Medford  (Mrs.  P.  D.  Richards).  Tending  to 
establish  itself.  Adv.  from  Eu. 

M.  BOREALIS,  Wallm. 

Lowell,  Dracufc  and  Westford,  near  woollen  mills,  (Dr.  C.  W. 
Swan)  ;  E.  Cambridge,  Sept.  12,  1881  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Cambridge, 
1884  (Walter  Deane).  A  native  of  Eu.,  but  introduced  in  California 
wool,  and  so  common  in  the  vicinity  of  woollen  mills  that  it  may 
fairly  claim  naturalization.  Aug.-Sept. 

"  Annual,  erect  or  somewhat  decumbent,  hairy  or  nearly  glabrous ; 
leaves  round-cordate,  crenate,  more  or  less  strongly  5-7  lobed; 
peduncles  axillary,  solitary  or  clustered,  1  to  3  lines  long ;  calyx- 
lobes  acute,  becoming  very  broad  and  enlarged  in  fruit ;  petals  2  or 
3  lines  long ;  carpels  transversely  reticulate-rugose."  Bot.  Cal. 

SlDA.  L. 

S.  spinosa,  L. 

Watertown  (C.E.Perkins);  Lowell, "  dump"  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan); 
Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins).  Aug.-Sept.  Probably  introduced  in 
Southern  cotton. 

ABUTILON,  Tourn. 

A.  Avicennce,  Gaertn.    VELVET-LEAF. 

Somerville,  Cambridge,  Bedford,  et  al.  Tending  to  establish 
itself.  Aug.-Sept.  Adv.  from  India. 

HIBISCUS,  L. 

H.  moscheutos,  L.    SWAMP  ROSE-MALLOW. 

Widely  distributed,  but  not  abundant.     Aug.-Sept. 
H.  Trionum,  L.    BLADDER  KETMIA. 

Ashland,  occasionally  escaped  from  gardens  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 

Adv.  from  Eu. 

TILIACE>E.    LINDEN    FAMILY. 

TILIA,  L. 

T.  Americana,  L.    BASSWOOD.    WHITE-WOOD.    LINDEN. 
Rather  common.    June. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  19 

LINAGES.    FLAX    FAMILY. 

LlNUM,  L. 

L.  Virginianum,  L. 

Maiden,  Melrose,  Framiugham,  et  al.  Not  very  common.  July- 
Sept. 

L.  sulcatum,  Ridd. 
Arlington  (Wm.  Boott).  Specimen  in  the  Boott  Herb.    Very  rare. 

L.  usitatissimum,  L.    COMMON  FLAX. 

Occasional  on  "  dumps"  and  along  the  roadside.  June-July.  Origin 
unknown ;  a  weed  of  cultivation  the  world  over.  For  description, 
see  Wood's  Bot.  &  PI. 

GERANIACE>E.    GERANIUM    FAMILY. 

GERANIUM,  L. 

G,  maculatum,  L.    CRANESBILL. 
Common.     May-July. 

G.  Carolinianum,  L.    CAROLINA  CRANESBILL. 
Maiden,  Medford,  Groton,  et  al.      Not  very  common.    A  loose- 
flowering   form    with  long  peduncles  and  pedicels  is  found  in 
Middlesex  Fells,  probably  the  plant  credited  to  the  same  locality  in 
Bigelow's  Fl.  Bost.,  as  G.  dissectum.    June- Aug. 

G.  dissectum,  L.    CUT-LEAVED  GERANIUM. 
Lowell,  "  dumps"  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Adv.  from  Eu. 

G.  Robertianum,  L.    HERB  ROBERT. 

Maiden,  Melrose,  Groton,  et  al.  Not  uncommon  eastward.  June- 
Oct. 

ERODIUM,  L'HER. 

E.  CICUTARIUM,  L'Her. 

Chelmsford  and  Dracut,  woollen  mill  yards  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  N. 

Chelmsford,  abundant  and  spreading,  1878  and  1880  (Rev.  W.  P. 

Alcott)  ;  Winchester,  1885-6  (Mrs.  P.  D.  Richards).    Persistent,  at 

least  for  several  years ;  the  common  Erodium  of  the  wool-waste ; 

seems  to  have  made  a  permanent  settlement.    Aug.   Nat.  from  Eu. 
E.  Botrys^  Bertol. 

Westford,  woollen-mill  yard  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    A  native  of  South 

Europe,  but  introduced  in  California  wool. 

"Leaves  oblong,    pinnatifid;  the  lobes  dentate,  obtuse;   stipules 

small ;  sepals  4  lines  long ;  beaks  of  the  carpels  2  or  3  inches  long." 

Bot.  Cal. 


20  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 

E.  moschatum,  Willd. 

Lowell  and  Westford,  near  woollen  mills ;  Chelmsford,  numerous 
thrifty  plants  in  a  garden  dressed  with  wool-waste  (Dr.  C.  W. 
Swan).  Adv.  from  Eu.  via  California. 

"  Leaves  pinnate,  the  oblong  ovate  leaflets  unequally  and  doubly 
serrate;  stipules  conspicuous;  pedicels  mostly  shorter  and  stouter, 
(than  in  E.  cicutarium) ;  sepals  larger,  3  or  4  lines  long;  odor 
musky  Bot.  Cal. 

IMPATIENS,  L. 

I.  f  ulva,  Nutt.    JEWEL-WEED. 
Common.    June-Sept. 

OXALIS,  L. 

O.  Acetosella,  L.    WOOD-SORREL. 

Ashby,  (E.  Adams  Hartwell)  ;  Concord,  1862  (Horace  Mann).  As 
this  plant  was  introduced  into  Concord  by  Minot  Pratt,  it  is  probable 
that  Mann's  specimen  came  from  this  source.  June.  Very  rare. 

O.  violacea,  L.    VIOLET  WOOD-SORREL. 

Newton  (E.  B.  Kenrick,  Hovey's  Mag.,  1836) ;  Concord,  1862 
(Horace  Mann)  ;  Belmont,  rare,  open  field,  1883  (Walter  Deane)  ; 
Weston,  rather  common,  1887  (Walter  E.  Coburn) .  May-June. 

O.  corniculata,  L.,  var.  stricta,  Sav.  (O.  stricta,  L.,  Man.) 
Common.    May-Sept. 

RUTACE/E.    RUE  FAMILY. 

XANTHOXYLUM,  Golden. 

X.  Americanum,  Mill.    NORTHERN  PRICKLY  ASH. 
Medford,  Chelmsford,  Westford,  Acton,  et  al.  Possibly  introduced. 
April-May. 

PTELEA,  L. 

P.  trifoliata,  L.    HOP-TREE. 

Somerville,  Medford,  et  al.  Occasionally  spontaneous.  From 
farther  South.  June. 

SIMARUBACE^E, 

AILANTHUS,  Willd. 

A.   GLANDULOSUS,  Desf .      TREE  OF  HEAVEN. 

In  many  places  spreading  from  seed  and  by  suckers.  June.  Nat. 
from  China. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  21 


ANACARDIACE,*E.    CASHEW    FAMILY. 

RHUS,  L.    SUMACH. 

R.  typhina,  L.     STAGHORN  SUMACH. 

Common.    June-July. 
R.  glabra,  L.    SMOOTH  SUMACH. 

Common.    The  form  var.  laciniata,  Carriere,  has  been  found 

along  the  F.  R.  R.  in  Weston.    June-July. 
R.  copallina,  L.    DWARF  SUMACH. 

Rather  common.    July. 
R.  venenata,  DC.    POISON  SUMACH.    DOGWOOD. 

Common.    June. 
R.  Toxicodendron,  L.    POISON  IVY.    MERCURY. 

Both  the  upright  and  running  forms  are  very  common.    June. 
JB.   Cotinus,  L. 

Often  found  escaped,  but  can  scarcely  be  considered  naturalized. 

June.    Int.  from  Eu. 

VITACE^E,    VINE    FAMILY. 

VITIS,  Tourn. 

V.  Labrusca,  L.    NORTHERN  Fox  GRAPE. 
Common.    A  variety  with  white  fruit  occasional.    June. 

V.  eestivalis,  Michx.    SUMMER  GRAPE. 

Groton  (C.  W.  Jenks)  ;  Medford  (George  E.  Davenport)  ;  Concord, 
rare  (Minot  Pratt);  Weston  (L.  L.  Dame).  Less  common  than 
V.  Labrusca.  June. 

V.  riparia,  Michx.     (V.  cordifolia,  Michx.,  var.  riparia,  Man.) 
Sudbury  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    The  V.  cordifolia  reported  at  Concord 
by  Minot  Pratt  is  probably  this  species.    Rare.    May. 

AMPELOPSIS,  Michx. 

A.  quinquefolia,  Michx.    WOODBINE.    VIRGINIA  CREEPER. 
Common.    July. 

RHAMNACE^E.    BUCKTHORN  FAMILY. 
RHAMNUS,  Tourn. 

R.  CATHARTIC  A,  L.      BUCKTHORN. 

Medford,  Framingham,  Ashland,  et  al.  May-June.    Nat.  from  Eu. 
CEANOTHUS,  L. 

C.  Americanus,  L.    NEW  JERSEY  TEA. 
Common.    July. 


22  MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


CELASTRACE^E.    STAFF-TREE   FAMILY. 

CELASTRUS,  L. 

C.  scandens,  L.     ROXBURY  WAXWORK.     CLIMBING  BITTER- 
SWEET. 
Rather  common.    June. 

SAPINDACE^E.    SOAPBERRY    FAMILY. 

STAPHYLEA,  L. 
S.  trifolia,  L.    BLADDER-NUT. 

Weston  (Bigelow's  PI.  Bost.)  ;  not  since  reported  in  Middlesex,  but 
found  (1886)  in  the  adjacent  town  of  Needham,  in  Norfolk  Co. 
May-June. 

^ESCULUS,  L. 
JE.   HlPPOCASTANUM,  L.      HORSE-CHESTNUT. 

Propagates  itself  occasionally  by  seed.    May-June.      Int.    from 

Asia  via  Eu. 

CARDIOSPERMUM,  L. 
C.  Halicacdbum,  L. 

Somerville  (C.  E.  Perkins).    Adv.  from  the  Southwest. 

For  description,  see  Wood's  Bot.  &  PI. 
ACER,  Tourn. 
A.  Pennsylvanicum,  L.    STRIPED  MAPLE. 

Concord  (Minot  Pratt)  ;  Ashby  (L.  L.  Dame).    Rare.    May-June. 
A.  spicatum,  Lam.    MOUNTAIN  MAPLE. 

Concord,  int.   from  Wachusett    by  Minot  Pratt;  Ashby  (L.  L. 

Dame).    The  elevated  region  about  Mt.  Watatic  seems  to  be  the 

only  county  station  where  this  maple  grows  naturally.    June. 
A.  saccharinum,  Wang.    ROCK  MAPLE.    SUGAR  MAPLE. 

Not  abundant.    Apr.-May. 
A.  dasycarpum,  Ehrh.    WHITE  MAPLE. 

Lowell,  Tewksbury,  Bedford,  et  al.    Not  common  native.     March- 
Apr. 
A.  rubrum,  L,    RED  MAPLE.    SWAMP  MAPLE. 

Very  common.    Apr. 

POLYGALACE>E.    MILKWORT    FAMILY, 

POLYGALA,  Tourn. 
P.  sanguinea,  L. 

Common.    July-Aug. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  23 


P.  cruciata,  L. 

Reading,  Woburn,  Bedford,  et  al.    Not  abundant.    July-Sept. 
P.  verticillata,  L. 

Not  uncommon.     July- Aug. 
P.  polygama,  Walt. 

Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  Medford  (G.  E.  Davenport) ;  et  al.    Not 

common  except  in  the  eastern  towns.    July- Aug. 
P.  paucifolia,  Willd.    FRINGED  POLYGALA. 

Widely  distributed  but  not  abundant.    A  form  with  white  flowers, 

discovered  by  Henry  M.  Pratt  at  Concord,  thrives  and  spreads  at 

the  expense  of  the  type.    May. 

LEGUMINOS>£.    PULSE    FAMILY. 

LUPINUS,  Tourn. 

L.  perennis,  L.    WILD  LUPINE. 

Rather  common,  except  in  the  eastern  towns.  Flowers  sometimes- 
white.  May-June. 

CROTALARIA,  L. 

C.  sagittalis,  L.    RATTLE-BOX. 

Chelmsford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Cambridge  (Bigelow's  PI.  Bost.)  ; 
Winchester,  1853  (Wm.  Boott)  station  still  existing;  Concord 
(Minot  Pratt) ;  Westou,  fields,  (John  L.  Russell,  4th  Mass.  Rep. 
Agr.)  Not  common.  July-Aug. 

GENISTA,  L. 

G.  TINCTORIA,  L.    WOAD-WAXEN.    DYER'S  WEED. 

Maiden,  scarce,  but  gradually  coming  in  from  Essex  Co.  (F.  S. 
Collins)  ;  Billerica  (C.  W.  Jenks)  ;  Framingham  (Miss  J.  W.  Wil- 
liams) ;  Concord,  40  years  ago  a  patch  a  rod  in  diameter,  now  cov- 
ering half  an  acre  (F.  G.  Pratt) ;  Cambridge,  a  large  patch  has 
existed  for  years  in  an  open  field  off  Broadway  (Walter  Deane), 
probably  the  same  locality  mentioned  by  Tuckerman,  1841  (Notes, 
Josselyn  Rareties).  June-July.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

TRIFOLIUM,  L. 

T.  ARVENSE,  L.    RABBIT-FOOT  CLOVER. 

Common.     July-Aug.    Nat.  from  Eu. 
T.  PRATENSE,  L.    RED  CLOVER. 

Everywhere.     Sometimes  found  with  white    flowers.    May-Sept. 

Nat.  from  Eu. 


24  MIDDLESEX    FLOKA. 


T.  HYBRIDUM,  L.    ALSYKE. 

This  plant,  occasional  throughout  the  county,  has  within  a  few 
years  become  thoroughly  established  in  the  eastern  and  southern 
sections.  June-Aug.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

"Heads  roundish,  dense;  peduncles  axillary,  twice  the  length  of 
the  leaves ;  pedicels  deflexed  after  flowering,  the  inner  twice  or 
thrice  the  length  of  the  calyx  tube ;  calyx  smooth  with  naked 
throat,  half  the  length  of  the  corolla,  with  subulate  teeth,  the  two 
upper  longer;  stems  ascending,  very  smooth,  hollow;  stipules 
ovate,  attenuate  to  a  very  acute  point ;  leaves  rhomboidal-elliptic, 
obtuse,  serrulate.  Lower  leaves  obovate;  flowers  white  to  rose- 
color."  Koch,  Syn.  Fl.  Germ. 

T.  REPENS,  L.    WHITE  CLOVER. 

Very  common.  Possibly  indigenous,  but  probably  introduced 
from  Eu.  May-Sept. 

T.  AGRARIUM,  L.      YELLOW  OR  HOP-CLOVER. 

Widely  distributed,  but  not  very  common.  June-Aug.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

T.  PROCUMBENS,  L.      LOW  HOP-CLOVER. 

Medford,  Groton,  et  al.  Not  so  common  as  the  preceding.  July. 
Nat.  from  Eu.  Form  known  as  var.  MINUS,  Koch,  occasional. 

T.  Dalmaticum,  Vis. 

Lowell,  "dump"  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Adv.  from  Eu. 
"Heads  terminal  and  axillary,  the  axillary  sessile  or  nearly  so; 
calyx  naked  at  the  base ;  stipules  dilated,  at  least  the  upper ;  calyx 
teeth  not  longer  than  the  tube ;  calyx  sulcate  in  fruiting ;  flowers 
red ;  stems  decumbent,  with  appressed  hairs."  Cesati,  Passerini 
and  Gibelli,  Flora  Italiana. 

T.  Macraei,  Hook  and  Arn. 

Wool-waste,  N.  Chelmsford  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott).  Adv.  from  Cal. 
"Somewhat  villous,  with  appressed  or  spreading  hairs,  erect, 
slender,  a  half  to  a  foot  high ;  stipules  ovate  to  lanceolate ;  leaflets 
obovate  to  narrowly  oblong,  obtuse  or  retuse,  serrulate,  about  half 
an  inch  long ;  flowers  dark  purple,  3  lines  long,  in  dense  ovate  long- 
peduncled  heads,  calyx  very  villous ;  the  straight  teeth  as  long  as 
the  petals,  often  tinged  with  purple ;  pod  1-seeded."  Bot.  Cal. 

MELILOTUS,  Tourn. 

M.  parviflora,  Desf . 

Lowell,  "dumps;"  Westford,  woollen-mill  yards  (Dr.  C.  W. 
Swan). 

"Annual,  smooth,  erect,  often  2  or  3  feet  high,  branching;  leaflets 
mostly  cuneate-oblong,  obtuse,  denticulate,  an  inch  long  or  less ; 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  25 

flowers  yellow,  a  line  long,  nearly  sessile.  Native  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean region,  now  widely  naturalized  in  warm  countries,  and 
common  in  California.  Cattle  are  fond  of  it."  Bot.  Cal. 

M.  OFFICINALIS,  Willd.    YELLOW  MELILOT. 

Groton,  Cambridge,  Maiden,  et  al.  Occasional  in  waste  grounds. 
June-Sept.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

M.  ALBA,  Lam.    SWEET  CLOVER.    WHITE  MELILOT. 
Maiden,  Medfbrd,  Westford,  et  al.     Sometimes  found  growing  in 
dense  patches  in  out  of  the  way  places,  apparently  well  established, 
June-Sept.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

MEDICAGO,  L. 

M.  sativa,  L.    LUCERNE.    ALFALFA. 

Cambridge,  spontaneous  in  vegetable  gardens ;  Maiden,  spreading 
beyond  garden  limits  (Sylvester  Baxter) .  This  plant  has  a  tendency 
to  die  out  when  cultivation  ceases,  and  can  scarcely  be  said  to  have 
effected  a  settlement.  July-Aug.  Int.  from  Eu. 

M.  LUPULINA,  L.    BLACK  MEDICK.    NONESUCH. 

Common  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  county.  June-Sept.  Nat. 
from  Eu. 

M.  maculata,  Willd.    SPOTTED  MEDICK. 

Lowell,  woollen-mill  yards;  Chelmsford,  in  a  field  dressed  with 
wool-waste  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Somerville  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  N". 
Chelmsford,  wool-waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott).  This  was  erro- 
neously given  as  M.  denticulata  in  Mr.  Alcott's  list.  Adv.  from  Eu. 

M.  denticulata,  Willd. 

Lowell,  Billerica,  and  Dracut,  woollen-mill  yards ;  the  commonest 
Medick  of  the  mill  yard,  except  possibly  M.  lupulina  (Dr.  C.  W. 
Swan).  Adv.  from  Eu. 

M.  lappacea,  Lam. 

Westford,  wool-waste  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Adv.  from  Eu. 
"Smoothish;  stems  procumbent ;  leaflets obcordate,  dentate;  stip- 
ules ciliate-dentate ;  peduncles  3-5  flowered ;  pods  spiral,  smooth, 
of  three  whorls,  obliquely  flexuous-nerved,  margins  aculeate,  spines 
long,  hooked;  seeds  reniform,  subtruncate,  yellow."  DC.  Prodr. 
II.  177. 

M.  laciniata,  All. 

Lowell,  "  dumps  "  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Adv.  from  Eu. 
"  Stem  erect ;  leaflets  linear,  incised-dentate,  truncate ;  stipules 
ciliate-dentate ;  peduncles  1-2-flowered ;  pods  spiral,  sub-globose, 
very  spiny,  spines  erect,  subulate,  hooked,  compressed-canaliculate ; 
margin  thick,  not  sulcate  nor  zoned;  seeds  oblong-reniform." 
DC.  Prodr.  II.  180. 


26  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


M.  minima  L. 

Lowell,  "  dumps ;"  Westford,  woollen-mill  yard  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ; 
N.  Chelmsford,  wool- waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott).  Adv.  fromEu. 
"  Peduncles  1-2-flowered,  longer  than  the  leaves,  shorter  than  the 
spiral,  sub-globose,  spiny,  slightly  hairy  pods ;  whorls  about  5, 
loose,  veinless,  with  narrow,  obtuse,  distichously  spiny  margin; 
spines  patent,  subulate,  straight  with  a  hooked  point,  furrowed  on 
each  side ;  stipules  ovate,  shortly  denticulate,  the  upper  subentire ; 
leaves  obovate,  denticulate;  petioles,  peduncles  and  stem  pubes- 
cent." Koch,  Syn.  PI.  Germ. 

M.  prcecox,  DC. 

Westford,  wool-waste  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Adv.  from  Eu. 
"  Stems  prostrate ;  leaves  obcordate,  denticulate ;  stipules  ciliate- 
dentate;  peduncles  1-2-flowered,  short;  pods  spiral,  smooth,  plane 
on  both  sides ;  whorls  slender,  rugose,  with  thick,  nerveless,  plane 
margin,  spiny  at  the  sides ;  spines  subdivergent,  somewhat  hooked 
at  the  apex;  seeds  ovate-reniform."  DC.  Prodr.  II.  178. 

M.  aculeata,  Willd. 

Westford,  wool-waste  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan). 

"  Leaves  rhombic-ovate,  dentate ;  stipules  dentate ;  peduncles  about 
2-flowered;  pods  spiral,  cylindric,  flat  at  the  sides;  the  whorls 
muricate  on  the  margin."  "  Patria  ignota."  DC.  Prodr.  II.  179 

M.  intertexta,  Willd. 

Westford,  wool-waste  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Adv.  from  Eu.  For 
description  see  Wood's  Bot.  and  PI. 

TRIGONELLA,  L. 

"  This  genus  is  distinguished  from  MEDICAGO  by  the  never  spirally 
twisted  pod.    The  species  with  small,  ovate-oblong  pods  are  distin- 
guished from  MELILOTUS  by  the  beak."    Boiss.  PL  Or. 
T.  Cassia,  Boiss. 

Lowell,  waste-heap  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Adv.  from  Asia  Minor. 
"  Sparingly  hairy ;  short  prostrate  stems;  leaflets,  cuneate-truncate 
or  retuse,  toothed  at  the  apex;  flowers  solitary;  lobes  of  calyx 
somewhat  hairy,  linear-lanceolate,  £  as  long  as  tube ;  corolla  pale 
violet  li  times  as  long  as  calyx;  pod  smooth,  cylindrical,  scarcely 
curved,  terminating  in  a  beak  about  $  its  own  length,  traversed 
longitudinal  anastomsing  nerves."  Boiss.  PL  Or. 

PETALOSTEMON,  Michx. 

*P.  violaceuS)  Michx.    PRAIRIE  CLOVER. 
Concord,  introduced  from  Mich,  by  Minot  Pratt. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  27 


EOBINIA,  L. 
R.  PSEUDACACIA,  L.     LOCUST. 

Rather  common.    June.    Nat.  from  the  Middle  States. 

R.  VISCOSA,  Vent.    CLAMMY  LOCUST. 

Lowell,  escaped  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Ashland,  sparingly  naturalized 
(Rev.  Thos.  Morong) ;  Littleton,  escaped  (L.  L.  Dame).  Slowly 
spreading  in  favorable  localities.  June.  Int.  from  Va. 

R.  HISPIDA,  L.    BRISTLY  LOCUST.    ROSE  ACACIA. 
Ashland,  sparingly  naturalized   (Rev.  Thos.   Morong) ;    Maiden, 
where  it  has  formed  dense  thickets,  and  is  spreading  (F.  S.  Collins) . 
June.    From  the  South. 

TEPHROSIA,  Pers. 

T.  Virginiana,  Pers.    GOAT'S  RUE.    TEPHROSIA. 
Not  found  in  the  eastern  towns,  and  nowhere  very  abundant.  July. 

DESMODIUM,  DC. 

D.  nudiflorum,  DC. 

Common.    Scape  occasionally  leafy.    Aug. 
D.  acuminatum,  DC. 

Not  uncommon.    July- Aug. 
D.  rotundifolium,  DC. 

Not  uncommon  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  county.    Aug. 
D.  rotundifolium,  DC.,  var.  glabratum,  Gray. 

Woods  in  Waltham  (Bigelow's  Fl.  Bost.,  under  Hedysarum    humi- 

fusum).    County  specimen  in  herb.  Edwin  Faxon.    Aug. 
*D.  canescens,  DC. 

Roadside,  Arlington,  Aug.,  1853  and  1869  (Wm.  Boott). 
D.  cuspidatum,  Hook. 

Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Woburn  (L.  L.  Dame).    Rare.    July- 

Aug. 
D.  DiIlenii,Darl. 

Medford   (Mrs.  P.  D.  Richards) ;  Westford  (Misses  Fletcher  and 

Hodgman) ;   Lowell,  Dracut  and  Townsend   (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ; 

Maiden  and  Wilmington  (F.  S.  Collins) .    Aug. 
D.  paniculatum,  DC. 

Widely  distributed,  but  not  very  common.    July. 
D.  Canadense,  DC. 

Rather  common.    A  form  with  white  flowers  reported  at  Newton 

by  W.  H.  Manning.    July-Aug. 
D.  rigidum,DC. 

Not  uncommon  in  the  northern  and  western  towns  of  the  county; 

reported  also  at  Woburn  by  Mrs.  P.  D.  Richards.    Aug. 


28  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 

D.  ciliare,  DC. 

Bedford  and  Dracut  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan);  Concord   (Minot  Pratt). 

Rare.    Aug. 
D.  Marilandicum,  Boott. 

Widely  distributed,  but  not  common.    Aug. 

LESPEDEZA,  Michx.    BUSH  CLOVER. 

L.  re  pens,  Bart. ;  including  L.  procumbens,  Michx.,  Man. 
Medford  (G-.  E.  Davenport) ;  Maiden  (H.   L.  Moody)  ;  Framing- 
ham  (Rev.  J.  H.  Temple) ;  Waltham  (Wm.  Boott).     Aug.-Sept. 

L.  violacea,  Pers.  (L.  violacea,  Pers.,  var.  divergens,  Man.) 
Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  Woburn  (L.  L.  Dame).    Aug. 

L.  reticulata,  Pers.     (L.  violacea,  Pers.,  var.  sessiliflora,  Man.) 
Rather  common.     Aug. 

L.  reticulata,  Pers.,  var.  augustifolia,  Maxim.     (L.  violacea, 
Pers.,  var.  augustifolia,  Man.) 

Lowell,  Groton,  Westford  and  Woburn  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Med- 
ford (G.  E.  Davenport)  ;  Newton  (Wm.  Boott).  Aug. 

L.  Stuvei,  Nutt. 

Hopkinton  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Bedford  (Edwin  Faxon)  ;  Arlington 
(Mrs.  P.  D.  Richards)  ;  Westford  (Miss  Emily  F.  Fletcher).  Not 
common.  Aug. 

L.  hirta,  Ell. 
Common.    Aug.-Sept. 

L.  capitata,  Michx. 
Common.    Aug.-Sept. 

VICIA,  Tourn. 

V.  SATIVA,  L.    COMMON  VETCH.    TARE. 

Rather  common.    June-July.     Nat.  from  Eu. 
V.  tetrasperma,  Lois. 

Lowell,   "dumps"   (Dr.   C.  W.   Swan);   Arlington   (Mrs.  P.  D. 

Richards) .    Adv.  from  Eu. 
V.  hirsute!,,  Koch. 

Lowell,  "dumps "  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Adv.  from  Eu. 
V.  Cracca,  L. 

Dracut,  roadside  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Everett  and  Maiden  (F.  S. 

Collins)  ;  Concord  (Thoreau)  ;  et  al.    Not  very  common.    July. 

LATHYRUS,  L. 

L.  palustris,  L.    MARSH  VETCHLING. 

Cambridge  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Medford  (F.  S.  Collins)  ;  Wilmington 
(Wm.  Boott).  June-July. 


MIDDLESEX    FLOE  A.  29 

L.  sativus,  L.    CHICK  PEA. 

Lowell  "dump"  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Adv.  from  Eu. 
For  description,  see  Wood's  Bot.  &  Fl. 

PISUM,  L. 

P.  sativum,  L. 

Lowell  "dump"  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Adv.  from  Eu. 
For  description,  see  Wood's  Bot.  &  Fl. 

APIOS,  Boerh. 

A.  tuberosa,  Moench.     GROUND-NUT.     WILD  BEAN. 
Common.    July- Aug. 

AMPHICARP.EA,  Ell. 

A.  monoica,  Ell.    HOG  PEANUT. 
Not  uncommon.     July-Aug. 

BAPTISIA,  Vent. 

B.  tinctoria,  R.  Br.    WILD  INDIGO. 
Very  common.    June- Aug. 

CASSIA,  L. 

C.  Marilandica,  L.    WILD  SENNA. 

Widely  distributed,  but  not  common.    July-Aug. 
C.  Chamaecrista,  L.    PARTRIDGE  PEA. 

Arlington,  Everett,  Medford,  Littleton,  et  al. 

Not  common.    Aug. 
C.  nictitans,  L.    WILD  SENSITIVE  PLANT. 

Chelmsford,  Winchester,  Holliston,  Ashland,  et  al. 

Not  common.    July-Aug. 

CORONILLA,  L. 

C.  varia,  L. 

Westford,  woollen-mill  yard  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    June-July.    Adv. 
from  Eu.    Likely  to  become  established. 
For  description,  see  Wood's  Bot.  and  Fl. 

SCORPIURUS,  L. 

"  Calyx  short,  campanulate,  5-toothed;  the  two  upper  teeth  con- 
nate beyond  the  middle,  sub-bilabiate;  keel  acuminate-rostrate; 
stamens  diadelphous,  the  single  filament  dilated  at  the  apex ;  pod 
elongate,  circinately  re  volute,  longitudinally  furrowed,  of  3-6  joints, 
one  seeded."  Koch,  Syn.  Fl.  Germ. 


30  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


S.  subvillosa,  L. 

Westf ord,  near  woollen-mills  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) .     Adv.  from  Eu. 
"Pod  smooth,  the  interior  ribs  entire,  the  exterior  bearing  6-8  stiff 
spines,  somewhat  hooked  at  the  apex."  Koch,  Syn.  Fl.  Germ. 

ROSACES.    ROSE    FAMILY. 

PRUNUS,  Tourn. 

P.  Americana,  Marsh.    WILD  YELLOW  or  RED  PLUM. 
Concord  (Minot  Pratt)  ;  Medf  ord  (L.  L.  Dame)  ;  Cambridge  (fide 
specimen  in  Gray  Herb.);    E.  Lexington    (C.  W.    Wellington). 
Occasional ;  fruit  mostly  dropping  before  maturity,  or  developing 
into  monstrosities.    May. 

P.  maritima,  Wang.    BEACH  PLUM. 

Chehnsford,  Tyngsboro  and  Tewksbury  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Wil- 
mington (L.  L.  Dame).  Rare.  May.  Possibly  introduced  from 
the  sea-coast. 

P.  SPINOSA,  L.,  var.  INSITITIA,  Gray.  BULLACE  PLUM. 
Found  "  in  the  woods  near  Mt.  Auburn,"  by  Oakes,  whose  speci- 
men is  in  the  Gray  Herb. ;  reported  growing  "on  the  banks  of  the 
Charles,"  in  Emerson's  Trees  and  Shrubs,  1846 ;  and  observed  in 
1885  by  C.  F.  Batchelder,  in  the  same  locality,  "  scattered  along  at 
intervals  for  some  distance."  May.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

P.  pumila,  L.    DWARF  CHERRY. 

Groton,  Chelmsford,  Medford,  et  al.  N"ot  very  common.  May- 
June. 

P.  Pennsylvanica,  L.    WILD  RED  CHERRY. 
Not  uncommon ;  abundant  in  the  N".  W.  towns.    May. 

P.  Virginiana,  L.    CHOKE-CHERRY. 
Common.    May-June. 

P.  serotina,  Ehrh.    WILD  BLACK  CHERRY. 
Common.    May-June. 

P.  AVIUM,  L.    ENGLISH  CHERRY. 

Often  spontaneous  in  copses,  and  apparently  established.    May. 

NEILLIA,  Don. 

N.  opulifolia,  Benth.  &  Hook.    (Spiraea  opulifolia,  L.,  Man.)   NINE- 

BARK. 

Cambridge  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;    Melrose    (L.  L.  Dame).    Escapes. 

June. 

SPIRAEA,  L. 
S.  salicifolia,  L.    MEADOW-SWEET. 

Very  common.    July-Aug. 


MIDDLESEX    FLOKA.  31 

S.  tomentosa,  L.    HARDBACK. 

Very  common.    A  white  variety  in  Westford  (C.  W.  Jenks).  July- 
Aug. 

POTERIUM,  L. 

P.  Canadense,  Benth.  &  Hook.    CANADIAN  BURNET. 
Dracut  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Littleton  (C.  E.  Perkins).     Scarce. 

AGRIMONIA,  Tourn. 

A.  Eupatoria,  L.    AGRIMONY. 

Not  uncommon,    July-Sept. 

GEUM,  L.    AVENS. 
G.  album,  Gmel. 

Rather  common.    July-Aug. 
G.  Virginianum,  L. 

Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins)  ;  Cambridge  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Ashland  (Rev. 

Thos.  Morong).    June-July. 
G.  strictum,  Ait. 

Somerville  (Bigelow's  Fl.  Bost.)  ;  Chelmsford  and  Tewksbury  (Dr. 

C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Medford  (Mrs.  P.  D.  Richards)  ;  et  al.    July. 
G.  rivale,  L.    WATER  OR  PURPLE  AVENS. 

Not  uncommon.    May-June. 
*#.  triflorum,  Pursh.    u  Called  in  the  West,  OLD  MAID'S  FRIZZLES." 

Concord,  introduced  from  Wisconsin  by  Minot  Pratt.    May. 

POTENTILLA,  L.      ClNQUE-FOIL. 

P.  Norvegica,  L. 

Rather  common.    July-Sept. 
P.  Canadensis,  L.    COMMON  CINQUE-FOIL.    FIVE-FINGER. 

Very  common.    Apr.-July. 
P.  Canadensis,  L.,  var.  simplex,  Torr.  &Gray. 

Very  common.    May-July. 
P.  argentea,  L.    SILVERY  CINQUE-FOIL. 

Common.    June-July. 
P.  arguta,  Pursh. 

Westford  (Misses  Fletcher  and  Hodgman)  ;  Chelmsford  (Dr.  C.  W. 

Swan)  ;  Melrose  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong)  ;  Concord  (Thoreau). 

Not  very  common.     June. 
P.  Anserina,  L.    SILVER-WEED. 

Marshes  in  Maiden,  Medford,  Everett  and  Cambridge.    June-July. 
P.  fruticosa,  L.    SHRUBBY  CINQUE-FOIL, 

Reading,  rare  (W.   H.  Manning) ;  Concord,  rare  (Minot  Pratt) ; 

Groton,  abundant  (C.  W.  Jenks).    June-Aug. 


32  MIDDLESEX    FLOKA. 


P.  tridentata,  Soland.    THREE-TOOTHED  CINQUE-FOIL. 
Summit  of  Mt.  Watatic,  Ashby  (L.  L.  Dame).     The  Concord  plant 
was  introduced  from  the  White  Mts.  by  Minot  Pratt.    June. 

P.  palustris,  Scop.    MARSH  FIVE-FINGER. 
Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Maiden  and  Stoueham  (F.  S.  Collins)  ; 
Cambridge  (Geo.  P.  Huntington)  ;  So.  Natiek  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong) . 
Not  very  common.    June- July. 

P.  recta,  Willd. 

Found  for  several  seasons  in  Maiden  by  F.  S.  Collins ;  now  extinct 
in  this  station ;  has  grown  for  a  dozen  or  more  years  in  Concord, 
near  Monument  street;  scarcely  established.  Adv.  from  eastern 
Eu.  and  Asia.  For  description,  see  Wood's  Class-Book. 

FRAGARIA,  Tourn.    STRAWBERRY. 

F.  Virginiana,  Duchesne. 

Common.    May. 
F.  vesca,  L. 

Common  in  the  north-western,  but  infrequent  in  the  eastern  section  s 
of  the  county.  May-June. 

DALIBARDA,  L. 

D.  repens,  L.  (Rubus  Dalibarda,  L.") 

Ashby,  near  base  of  Mt.  Watatic  (L.  L.  Dame).  The  Concord 
plant  was  introduced  from  Vermont  by  Minot  Pratt.  June-July. 

RUBUS,  Tourn. 

R.  odoratus,  L.    PURPLE  FLOWERING  RASPBERRY. 

Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;    Concord  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  Lexington 

(A.E.Scott).    Not  common.    June-July. 
R.  triflorus,  Rich.    DWARF  RASPBERRY. 

Widely  spread,  but  not  very  common.    May-June. 
R.  strigosus,  Michx.    RED  RASPBERRY. 

Common.    Occasionally  found  with  variegated  leaves.    June. 
R.  occidentalis,  L.    BLACK  RASPBERRY.    THIMBLEBERRY. 

Rather  common.    June. 
R.  villosus,  Ait.    HIGH  BLACKBERRY. 

Common.     The  forms  known  as  var.  frondosus  and   humi- 

fusus  occasional.    May-July. 
R.  Canadensis,  L.    Low  BLACKBERRY.    DEWBERRY. 

Common.    May-June. 
R.  hispidus,  L.    RUNNING  SWAMP  BLACKBERRY. 

Common.      June.      The  form  known  as  var.  setosus,  Bigel., 

common. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  33 

ROSA,  Tourn. 

R.  Carolina,  L.    SWAMP  EOSE. 
Common.     June-July. 

R.  lucida,  Ehrh.    DWARF  WILD  ROSE. 
Very  common.    May-June. 

R.  humilis,  Marsh.  (R.  lucida,  Man.,  in  part). 
Arlington  (Mrs.  P.  D.  Richards)  ;  Weston  (L.  L.  Dame)  ;  Concord 
(Walter  Deane)  ;  Ashby  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  June. 
"In  dry  soil  and  on  rocky  slopes  and  mountain  sides.  Stems  usu- 
ally low  (1  to  3  ft.),  and  more  slender,  less  leafy,  with  straight 
slender  spines,  spreading  or  sometimes  reflexed;  stipules  narrow, 
rarely  somewhat  dilated;  leaflets  as  in  the  last,  but  usually  thinner 
and  paler,  glabrous  or  usually  more  or  less  pubescent,  especially 
beneath,  and  also  the  rachis  (often  prickly) ;  flowers  very  often 
solitary,  the  outer  sepals  always  more  or  less  lobed,  often  pinnately 
so ;  fruit  as  in  the  preceding."  Watson  in  Revision  of  Roses  of  N. 
A.,  Proc.  of  Amer.  Acad.,  Vol.  XX,  1885. 

R.  nitida,  Willd.     (R.  lucida,  Ehrh.,  Man.,  in  part.) 
Medford,  Lexington,  Woburn,  Bedford,  et  al.    Occasional  in  low 
grounds.     June. 

"  Usually  low,  nearly  or  quite  glabrous  throughout,  the  straight 
slender  spines  often  scarcely  stouter  than  the  prickles  which  cover 
the  stem  and  branches  more  or  less  thickly;  stipules  usually 
dilated ;  leaflets  bright  green  and  shining,  usually  narrowly  oblong 
and  acute  at  each  end,  sometimes  broader  and  obtuse,  small  (the 
terminal  %  to  1^  in.  long) ;  flowers  usually  solitary  (rarely  2  or  3) , 
bright  red  (\%.  to  2)^  in.  broad),  the  slender  pedicels,  receptacle, 
and  calyx  densely  hispid  or  glandular-prickly;  sepals  entire;  fruit 
globose,  4  or  5  lines  broad."  Watson  in  Revision  of  Roses  of  N.  A., 
Proc.  of  Amer.  Acad.,  Vol.  XX,  1885. 

R.  RUBIGINOSA,  L.    SWEET-BRIER. 

Widely  distributed,  but  not  very  common.  June-July.  Nat.  from 
Eu. 

R.  MICRANTHA,  Smith.    SMALLER-FLOWERED  SWEET-BRIER. 

Occasional.  June-July.  Nat.  from  Eu.  Too  near  R.  rubiginosa, 
and  not  separated  from  it  by  some  botanists. 

JR.  cinnamomea,  L. 

Persistent  in  old  gardens,  and  occasionally  spontaneous.  For  de- 
scription, see  Wood's  Bot.  &  Fl. 

CRAT^EGUS,  L. 

C.  Oxyacantha,  L.    ENGLISH  HAWTHORN. 

Occasionally  spontaneous,  but  hardly  naturalized.  May-June. 
Adv.  from  Eu. 


34  MIDDLESEX    FLOKA. 


C.  coccinea,  L.    SCARLET-FRUITED  THORN. 
Widely  distributed ;  infrequent  eastward,  but  rather  common  in 
other  sections  of  the  county.    May. 

C.  tomentosa,  L.,  var.  pyrifolia,  Gray. 
Cambridge  (fide  specimen  in  the  Gray  Herb.)     May. 

C.  tomentosa,  L.,  var.    punctata,  Gray. 
Shrubs  closely  approaching  this  form  have  been  observed  at  Med- 
ford  and  Hudson;  and  there  is  a  specimen  from  Cambridge  "  inter- 
mediate between  pyrifolia  and  punctata"  in  the  Gray  Herb. 
May. 

C.  subvillosa,   Schrad.    (C.  tomentosa,  L.,    var.  mollis,    Gray, 
Man.) 
Medford  (L.  L.  Dame).    Apparently  native.    Rare.    May. 

PlRUS,  L. 

P.  COMMUNIS,  L.    PEAR. 

Occasionally  spontaneous,  but  less  common  than  P.  malus.    May. 

Nat.  from  Eu. 
P.  MALUS,  L.    APPLE. 

Frequently  spontaneous  in  pastures  and  woods.    May.    Nat.  from 

Eu. 

P.  arbutifolia,  L.,  (var.  erythrocarpa,   Gray,  Man.)    CHOKE- 
BERRY. 

Common.     May-June. 
P.  arbutifolia,  L.,  var.  melanocarpa,  Gray. 

Common.     May-June. 
P.  Americana,  DC.    MOUNTAIN  ASH. 

Ashby  and  Townsend  (L.  L.  Dame).    Not  common.    June. 

AMELANCHIER,  Medic. 

A.  Canadensis,  Torr.  and  Gray,  (including  var.  Botryapium, 

Man.)    JUNEBERRY.    SHADBUSH. 

Common.    Apr.-May. 
A.  Canadensis,  Torr.  and  Gray,  var.  oblongifolia,  Gray. 

Common.     Apr.-May. 

SAXIFRAGACE>E.    SAXIFRAGE    FAMILY. 

BlBES,  L. 

*JK.  Cynosbati,  L.    PRICKLY  GOOSEBERRY. 

Concord,  introduced  from  N.  H.  by  Minot  Pratt.     May. 
R.  oxyacanthoides,  L.    (R.  hirtellum,  Michx.,  Man.)    WILD 

GOOSEBERRY. 

Common.    May. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  35 

*R.  rotundifolium,  Michx. 

Reading  (W.  H.  Manning).    June. 
R.  prostratum,  L'Her.    FETID  CURRANT. 

Ashby,  rather  common  on  and  near  Mt.  Watatic  (L.  L.  Dame). 

May. 
R.  floridum,  L'Her.    WILD  BLACK  CURRANT. 

Generally  distributed  in  the  northern  and  eastern  parts  of  the 

county,  but  not  very  common.    May. 
R.  RUBRUM,  L.    RED  CURRANT. 

Spontaneous  in  several  localities.    May-June.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

PARNASSIA,  Tourn. 

P.  Carol! niana,  Michx.    GRASS  OF  PARNASSUS. 
Reading   (W.  H.  Manning) ;    Wakefleld   (Mrs.  P.  D.   Richards) ; 
Groton  (Q.W.  Jenks)  ;  Frainingham,  abundant  (Rev.  J.  H.  Temple)  ; 
Ashland  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong).    Rather  scarce.    July-Aug. 

SAXIFRAGA,  L. 

S.  Virginiensis,  Michx.    EARLY  SAXIFRAGE. 

Very  common.    Apr. -May. 
S.  Pennsylvania,  L.    SWAMP  SAXIFRAGE. 

Common.    May-June. 

MITELLA,  Tourn. 

*M.  diphylla,  L.    MITREWORT. 

Groton  (Miss  H.  E.  Haynes)  ;  Concord,  introduced  from  Vermont 
by  Minot  Pratt.    May-June. 

TlARELLA,  L. 

T.   cordifolia,   L.    FALSE  MITREWORT.    Groton  (C.  W.  Jenks) ; 
Concord,  introduced  from  Vermont  by  Minot  Pratt.    May-June. 

CHRYSOSPLENIUM,  Tourn. 

C.  Americanum,  Schw.    GOLDEN  SAXIFRAGE. 
Common.    Apr.-May. 


CRASSULACE/E.   ORPINE   FAMILY. 


PENTHORUM,  Gronov. 

P.  sedoides,  L.    DITCH  STONECROP. 
Common.    July-Sept. 


36  MIDDLESEX   FLOKA. 


SEDUM,  Tourn. 

S.  ACRE,  L.    MOSSY  STONECROP. 

Melrose    and    Somerville  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Beading   (Dr.  C.  W. 

Swan).    Int.  from  Eu.,  and  sparingly  naturalized.    June-July. 
S.  TELEPHIUM,  L.    LIVE-FOR-EVER.    AARON'S  ROD. 

Roadsides,  rather  common.    July-Aug.    ISTat.  from  Eu. 

SEMPERVIVUM,  L. 

S.  TECTORUM,  L.      HOUSELEEK. 

Concord  (Minot  Pratt) ;  Medford  and  Woburn,  persistent  and 
spreading  (L.  L.  Dame).  Nat.  from  Eu.  For  description,  see 
Wood's  Bot.  &  Fl. 


HAMAMELACE^:.    WITCH-HAZEL  FAMILY, 


HAMAMELIS,  L. 

H.  Virginica,  L.    WITCH-HAZEL. 
Common.     Oct.-Dec. 


HALORAGEy^E.    WATER-MILFOIL  FAMILY. 

MYRIOPHYLLUM,  Vaill. 

M,  spicatum,  L. 

Cambridge   (Rev.  Thos.  Morong) ;    Mystic  Pond   (Wm.   Boott) . 
Specimen  in  the  Boott  Herb.    July-Aug. 

M.  verticillatum,  L. 
Fresh  Pond,  Cambridge  (C.  E.  Perkins).    July-Aug. 

M.  ambiguum,  Nutt.,  (var.  natans,  of  Man.) 
Tewksbury  (B.  D.  Greene)  ;  Spot  Pond  (Wm.  Boott).    Specimen  in 
Boott  Herb.    July-Aug. 

M.  ambiguum,  Nutt.,  var.  capillaceum,  Torr.  &  Gray. 
Townsend  and  Bedford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Spot  Pond  (Rev.  Thos. 
Morong)  ;  Concord,  abundant  (Walter  Deane)  ;  Mystic  Pond  (Wm. 
Boott).     Growing  entirely  beneath  the  surface. 

M.  ambiguum,  Nutt.,  var.  limosum,  Torr. 
Small  ponds  in  Middlesex  Fells  (Wm.  Boott).      Growing  in  the 
mud  entirely  out  of  water.    Possibly  this  variety,  with  the  one 
immediately  preceding,  may  be  merely  forms  of  the  first,  depend- 
ent on  the  presence  or  absence  of  water  and  its  depth. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  37 


M.  tenellum,  Bigel. 

Cambridge  and  Tewksbury  (Bigelow's  Fl.  Bost.)  ;  Natick  (Austin 
Bacon)  ;  Silver  Lake  and  Mystic  Pond  (Wm.  Boott)  ;  Groton  and 
Westford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  July-Aug. 

PROSERPINACA,  L. 

P.  palustris,  L.    MERMAID  WEED. 
Common.    June-July. 

TRAPA,  L. 

T.  NATANS,  L.    WATER  CHESTNUT. 

Medford  and  Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins)  ;  Concord  River  (C.  W.  Jenks). 
Introduced  from  Europe,  and,  in  the  last  locality,  apparently 
naturalized. 

"  Rootstock  furnished  at  the  joints  with  tufts  of  roots,  each  tuft 
forming  a  pyramidal  plume;  leaves  floating,  about  1£  in.  broad, 
rhomboidal,  thickish  and  nerved,  bimucronately  toothed,  subpub- 
escent  at  the  nerves  beneath  ;  petiole  2-3  times  longer,  distended 
below  blade  into  an  oblong  intumescence,  filled  with  cellular  pith, 
and  acting  as  a  buoy  ;  flowers  small,  white,  submersed,  pellucid  ; 
peduncles  1-flowered,  axillary."  Bot.  Reg.,  Vol.  1. 

ONAGRACE/E.      EVENING  -PRIMROSE    FAMILY. 


,  Tourn. 

C.  Lutetiana,  L.    ENCHANTER'S  NIGHTSHADE. 

Common.    June-July. 
C.  alpina,  L. 

Generally  distributed,  but  not  so  common  as  the  preceding.    July. 

EPILOBIUM,  L. 

E.  angustifolium,  L.    (E.  spicatum,  Lam.)     GREAT  WILLOW- 

HERB. 

Very  common.    July-Aug. 
E.  palustre,  L.,    var.  lineare,  Gray. 

Common.    Aug.-Sept. 
E.  coloratum,  Muhl. 

Common.    July-Sept. 

CENOTHERA,  L. 

CE.  biennis,  L.    EVENING  PRIMROSE. 

Very  common.    June-Sept. 
CE.  biennis,  L.,  var.  muricata,  Lindl. 

Cambridge  (F.  S.  Collins). 


38  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


CE.  biennis,  L.  var.,  cruciata,  Torr.  &  Gray. 

Chelmsford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Woburn  (Mrs.  P.  D.  Richards). 
(E.  biennis,  L.,  var.  grandiflora,  Lindl. 

Maiden,  escaped  (F.  S.  Collins). 
CE.  pumila,  L. 

Common.    June-July. 
CE.  bistorta,  Kutt. 

Wool-waste,  N.  Chelmsford,  abundant   (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott) .  Adv. 

from  Cal. 

"Somewhat  hirsute,  the  leaves  sometimes  appressed  pubescent; 

stems  rather  stout,  decumbent  or  ascending,  a  foot  or  two  high ; 

leaves  thinner,  narrowly  lanceolate  to  ovate,  the  upper    mostly 

sessile  and  rounded  or  cordate  at  base,  all  denticulate  or  dentate ; 

petals  4  to  7  lines  long,  usually  with  a  dark  brown  spot  at  base ; 

capsule  4  to  9  lines  long,  a  line  or  more  wide,  attenuate  upward ; 

seeds  nearly  black."    Bot.  Cal. 
CE.  bistorta,  Nutt.,  var.  Veitchiana,  Hook. 

Wool-waste,  N.  Chelmsford,  rare  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott).    Adv.  from 

Cal. 

"More  slender;  capsule  more  elongated  and  narrowed   (1  to  li 

inches  long  and  less  than  a  line  broad),  attenuate  into  a  narrow 

beak."    Bot.  Cal. 

LITDWIGIA,  L. 

L.  alternifolia,  L.    SEED-BOX. 

Cambridge  (Bigelow's  Fl.  Bost.) ;  Tewksbury  (B.  D.  Greene). 
Dr.  Swan  reports  at  Lowell  a  form  with  fascicled,  fusiform  roots, 
a  character  ascribed  by  the  Man.  to  L.  hirtella,  Raf.  Scarce. 
Aug.-Sept. 

L.  sphaerocarpa,  Ell. 

Tewksbury  (B.  D.  Greene);  Waltham  (C.  E.  Perkins);  Billerica 
and  Concord  (Wm.  Boott) ;  Bedford  (Walter  Deane)  ;  Lowell, 
abundant  on  the  banks  of  the  Concord  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Aug.- 
Sept. 

L.  polycarpa,  Short  &  Peter. 

Waltham  List ;  Winchester,  Winter  Pond,  1886  (Wm.  Boott).  Spec- 
imen in  the  Boott.  Herb.  Aug.-Sept. 

L.  palustris,  Ell.    WATER  PURSLANE. 
Common.    July-Oct. 

CLARKIA,  Pursh. 

C.  rhomboidea,  Dougl. 

Wool-waste,  N.  Chelmsford  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott ;  specimen  in  herb, 
of).  Adv.  from  Eu.  For  description,  see  Wood's  Bot.  &  Fl. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  39 


MELASTOMACEy^.    MELASTOMA    FAMILY. 

RHEXIA,  L. 

R.  Virginica,  L.    MEADOW  BEAUTY. 
Not  uncommon.     July-Aug. 

LYTHRACE>£.    LOOSESTRIFE    FAMILY. 

AMMANNIA,  HOUSTON. 

A.  humilis,  Michx. 
Winchester,  Winter  Pond  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Rare.    July-Sept. 

LYTHRUM,  L. 

L.  Hyssopifolia,  L.    LOOSESTRIFE. 

Maiden   (W.  H.  Manning;    Mrs.  C.  E.  Pease);  Medford   (Wm. 

Boott)  ;  Arlington  (F.  S.  Collins).    Rare.    July. 
L.  alatum,  Pursh. 

Chelmsford  (Miss  C.  E.  Preston).    Probably  introduced  in  western 

wool.     June-Aug. 
L.  Salicaria,  L.    SPIKED  LOOSESTRIFE. 

Chelmsford   (W.   H.  Manning)  ;  Ashland,  rather  common   (Rev. 

Thos.  Morong)  ;  Framingham  (Rev.  J.  H.  Temple).    Rare  north- 

ward.   July-Aug.    Possibly  introduced. 
L.  acutangulum,  Lag. 

Lowell,  a  single  specimen  on  the  sandy  bank  of  the  Merrimac  (Dr. 

C.  W.  Swan). 

"  Herbaceous,  leaves  alternate,  linear,  lanceolate;  pedicels  short, 

erect  even  in  fruit;  bractlets  acute,  very  small;  petals  6,  oblong- 

ovate  ;  stamens  12."    DC.  Prodr.  Ill,  82. 


,  Commerson,  Juss. 

N.  verticillata,  HBK.    SWAMP  LOOSESTRIFE. 
Common,  especially  in  the  northern  part  of  the  county.    July-Aug. 

CACTACE^E,    CACTUS   FAMILY. 

OPUNTIA,  Tourn. 
*O.  VULGARIS,  Haworth.    PRICKLY  PEAR. 

N.  Reading,  bank  of  the  Ipswich  river   (J.  Robinson,  Flora  of 
Essex).    June-July.    Int.  from  farther  south. 


40  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


CUCURBITACEyE.    GOURD   FAMILY. 

SlCYOS,  L. 
S.  ANGULATUS,  L.      ONE-SEEDED  STAR-CUCUMBER. 

N.  Reading,  Maiden,  Cambridge,  et  al.    Growing  by  the  roadside 
or  upon  rubbish  heaps.    July-Sept.    Nat.  from  farther  west. 

ECHINOCYSTIS,  Torr.  &  Gray. 

E.  LOBATA,  Torr.  &  Gray.    WILD  BALSAM-APPLE. 
Lowell,  Concord,    Maiden,  Weston,  et  al.     In  localities  similar 
to   the  preceding.    July-Sept.    Nat.  from  farther  west. 

UMBELLIFER>E.    PARSLEY  FAMILY. 

HYDROCOTYLE,  Tourn. 

H.  Americana,  L.    WATER  PENNYWORT. 

Common.     July- Aug. 
H.  umbellata,  L. 

Occasional  along  the  banks  of  Charles  River,  Martin's,  Hammond's, 

Fresh  Ponds,  et  al.    July-Aug. 

SANICULA,  Tourn. 

S.  Marilandica,  L.    BLACK  SNAKEROOT. 
Not  uncommon.    June-July. 

DAUCUS,  Tourn. 
D.  CAROTA,  L.    CARROT. 
Rather  common.    July-Sept.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

HERACLEUM,  L. 

H.  lanatum,  Michx.    COW-PARSNIP. 

Natick  (Austin  Bacon)  ;  Concord  (Minot  Pratt)  ;  Townsend  (Miss 
H.  E.  Haynes)  ;  Melrose  (Bradford  Torrey).    Rare.    June. 

PASTINACA,  Tourn. 

P.  SATIVA,  L.    PARSNIP. 

Throughout  the  county,  but  nowhere  very  common.    July.    Nat. 
from  Eu. 

ANGELICA,  L. 

A.  atropurpurea,  L.     (Archangelica  atropurpurea,  Hoffin.,  Man.) 
GREAT  ANGELICA. 

Generally  distributed,  but  scarce.     Specimen  from  Watertown  in 
the  Boott  Herb.    June- July. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  41 


,  L. 

M.  CYNAPIUM,  L.    FOOL'S  PARSLEY. 

Roadsides,  Medford  to  Watertown  (Wm.  Boott).  Nat.  from  Eu. 
This  plant  has  poisonous  qualities,  and  serious  results  have  some- 
times ensued  from  confounding  it  with  common  Parsley,  which  it 
somewhat  resembles,  but  from  which  it  may  easily  be  distinguished, 
when  in  flower,  by  its  lack  of  a  general  involucre,  and  its  long,  hang- 
ing involucels.  July. 

LIGUSTICUM,  L. 

*L.  Scoticum,  L.    SCOTCH  LOVAGE. 

Cambridge  (Bigelow's  Fl.  Bost.)  ;  Watertown  (C.  E.  Perkins). 
Rare.  Aug. 

THASPIUM,  Nutt. 

T  .  a  u  r  e  u  m  ,  Nutt  .    MEADOW  PARSNIP. 

Common  in  the  northern  and  western  parts  of  the  county.  May- 
June. 

ZIZIA,  Koch.  (Not  ZIZIA  of  Man.) 

Z.  aurea,  Koch.  (Thaspium   aureum,  Nutt.,  var.   apterum  Man.) 
Dunstable  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan). 

BUPLEURUM,  Tourn. 

B.  rotvndifolium,  L. 

Cambridge,  one  plant  in  gravel  sidewalk  (Walter  Deane  ;  specimen 
in  herb.  of).  Adv.  from  Eu. 

CICUTA,  L. 

C.  maculata,  L.    SPOTTED  COWBANE.    WATER  HEMLOCK. 
Common.    July-Aug. 

C.  bulbifera,  L. 

Common.    Aug.-Sept. 

SIUM,  L. 

S.  cicutaefolium,  Gmel.     (S.  lineare,  Michx.,  Man.)    WATER 

PARSNIP. 

Common.     July-Aug. 
S.  Carson  i,  Durand. 

Tewksbury  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan);    Ashland   (Rev.  Thos.   Morong). 

Very  rare. 

CRYPTOT^ENIA,  DC. 

C.  Canadensis,  DC.    HONEWORT. 

Behnont,  abundant  in  1882  (Walter  Deane:  specimen  in  herb.  of). 
June-July. 


42  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


OSMORRHIZA,  Raf . 

O.  longistylis,  DC.    SMOOTHER  SWEET  CICELY. 

Watertown,  Belmont,  Waverly,  et  al.     Not  uncommon.    May-June. 
O.  brevistylis,  DC.    HAIRY  SWEET  CICELY. 

Woods,  Concord  Turnpike  (Bigelow's  Fl.  Bost.) ;  Cambridge  (B. 

D.  Greene)  ;  Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins).    Scarce.    May-June. 

CONIUM,  L. 

C.  MACULATUM,   L.      POISON  HEMLOCK. 

Watertown   (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Natick   (Austin   Bacon)  ;  Arlington 
(Win.  Boott)  ;  Waltham  List.    Rare.    July-Aug.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

CARUM,  L. 

C.  Garni,  L.    CARAWAY. 
Occasional.    July.    Adv.  from  Eu. 

ARALIACE/E.    GINSENG    FAMILY. 

ARALIA,  Tourn. 

A.  racemosa,  L.    SPIKENARD. 

Rather  scarce,  but  generally  distributed.    July. 
A.  hispida,  Vent.    BRISTLY  SARSAPARILLA. 

Rather  common.    June. 
A.  nudicaulis,  L.    SARSAPARILLA. 

Common.     May-June. 
*A.  quinquefolia,  Gray.     GINSENG. 

Concord,  introduced  from  Vermont,  but  does  not  thrive  (Minot 

Pratt).     July. 
A.  trifolia,  Decne  and  Planch.    DWARF  GINSENG.    GROUND  NUT. 

Generally  distributed,  but  not  common.    May-June. 

CORNACE^E.    DOGWOOD  FAMILY 

CORNUS,  Tourn. 

C.  Canadensis,  L.    DWARF  CORNEL.  BUNCHBERRY. 

Common.    June. 
C.  f  lorida,  L.    FLOWERING  DOGWOOD. 

Not  uncommon.     May-June. 
C.  circinata,  L'Her.    ROUND-LEAVED  CORNEL. 

Rather  common.    June. 
C.  sericea,  L.    SILKY  CORNEL. 

Common.    June. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  43 


C.  stolonifera,  Michx.    RED-OSIER  DOGWOOD. 

Concord  (Minot  Pratt)  ;  Cambridge,  under  C.  alba,  Lam.  (Bigelow's 

Fl.  Bost.) ;  Woburn  (L.  L.  Dame)  ;  Reading  (W.  H.  Manning)  ;  et 

al.    Rather  scarce.    June. 
C.  paniculata,  L'Her.    PANICLED  CORNEL. 

Common.    June. 
C.  alternifolia,  L.    ALTERNATE-LEAVED  CORNEL. 

Common.    May- June. 

NYSSA,  L. 

N.  sylvatica,  Marsh.     (N.  multiflora,  Wang.,    Man.)      TUPELO. 
PEPPERIDGE. 
Generally  distributed,  but  scarce.     May-June. 


CAPRIFOLIACE>£.     HONEYSUCKLE  FAMILY. 

LINN^EA,  Gronov. 

L.  boreal  is,  Gronov.    TWIN-FLOWER. 

Not  reported  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  county,  and  infrequent  in 
the  other  sections.    June. 

LONICERA,  L. 

L.  sempervirens,  Ait.    TRUMPET  HONEYSUCKLE. 
Marlboro  (Mrs.  A.  M.  Staples) ;  Medford  (L.  L.  Dame).     Some- 
times   escaping    from    cultivation ;    but  abundant,  remote  from 
dwellings,  and  apparently  native  in  the  Medford  locality.  June- July. 

L.  Tatarica^  L. 
Occasionally  spontaneous.    May-June. 

*L,  hirsuta,  Eaton.    HAIRY  HONEYSUCKLE. 
Sudbury  (Emerson's  Mass.  Trees  and  Shrubs,  1846).    June-July. 

L.  ciliata,  Muhl.    FLY  HONEYSUCKLE. 

Townsend  (MissH.  E.  Haynes)  ;  Framingham  (Rev.  J.  H.  Temple). 
Rare. 

DIERVILLA,  Tourn. 

D.  trifida,  Mcench.    BUSH  HONEYSUCKLE. 
Common.    June-July. 

TRIOSTEUM,  L. 

T.  perfoliatum,  L.    HORSE-GENTIAN. 

Eastern  and  southern  parts  of  the  county.     Not  very  common. 
June-July. 


44  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


SAMBUCUS,  Tourn. 
S.  Canadensis,  L.    ELDER. 

Common.     July. 

S.  racemosa,  L.  (S.  pubens,  Michx.,  Man.)  RED-BERRIED  ELDER. 
Ashby,  not  uncommon  (L.  L.  Dame)  ;  occasional  in  other  parts  of 
the  county.  In  the  Concord  station  the  plant  was  introduced  from 
Wachuset  by  Minot  Pratt.  May. 

VIBURNUM,  L. 

V.  cassinoides,  L.  (V.  nudum,  var.  cassinoides,  Man.)  WITHE- 
ROD. 

Not  very  common  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  county;  abundant  at 

Ashby  and  vicinity.    June. 
V.  Lentago,  L.    SWEET  VIBURNUM.    SHEEP-BERRY. 

Bather  common.     May-June. 
V.  dentatum,  L.    ARROW-WOOD. 

Common.    June. 
V.  acerifolium,  L.    MAPLE-LEAVED  VIBURNUM. 

Eather  common.    June. 
V.  Opulus,    L.    CRANBERRY  TREE. 

Groton  (C.  W.  Jenks)  ;  Weston  (L.  L.  Dame)  ;  Pepperell  (Dr.  C.  W. 

Swan)  ;  Concord,  introduced  from  Vermont  by  Minot  Pratt.   June. 
V.  lantanoides,  Michx.    HOBBLE-BUSH. 

Ashby,  not  uncommon   (W.  H.  Manning).    Not  authoritatively 

reported  elsewhere.    May-June. 

RUBIACEyE.    MADDER    FAMILY. 

GALIUM,  L. 

G.  Aparine,  L.    CLEAVERS.  GOOSE-GRASS. 

Lowell,  "dumps"  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins) ; 

Waltham  List;  Townsend  (Miss  H.  E.  Haynes).    Bare.    May. 
€r.  Mollugo,  L. 

McLean  asylum  grounds,  Somerville  (C.  E.  Perkins).    Adv.  from 

Eu. 
G.  asprellum,  Michx.    ROUGH  BEDSTRAW. 

Common.    July-Aug. 
G.  trifidum,    L.,  (including   var.  tinctorium,  of   the   Manual.) 

SMALL  BEDSTRAW. 

Common.    June-July. 
G.  triflorum,  Michx.    SWEET-SCENTED  BEDSTRAW. 

Generally  distributed,  but  not  very  common.    July. 
G.  pilosum,  Ait. 

Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Maiden  (H.  A.  Young)  ;  Concord  (Minot 

Pratt)  ;  Waltham  (Wm.  Boott).    Rare.    June-Aug. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  45 

G.  circaezans,  Michx.    WILD  LIQUORICE. 

Rather  common.    Juue-Aug. 
G.  lanceolatum,  Torr.    WILD  LIQUORICE. 

Melrose,  Maiden,  Stoneham,  et  al.    Not  very  common.  June-July. 
G.  VERUM,  L.    YELLOW  BEDSTRAW. 

Arlington  (Wm.   Boott) ;  Natick  (Austin  Bacon).     Rare.    July. 

Nat.  from  Eu. 

CEPHALANTHUS,  L. 

C.  occidentalis,  L.    BUTTON-BUSH. 
Common.     July-Aug. 

MITCHELLA,  L. 

M.  repens,  L.    PARTRIDGE-BERRY. 

Very  common.  A  variety  with  white  fruit  has  been  reported  at 
Concord  by  A.  W.  Hosmer.  June-July. 

HOUSTONIA,  L. 

H.  purpurea,  L.,  var.  longifolia,  Gray. 

Marlboro  (Mrs.  A.  M.  Staples) ;  common  in  Woburn  and  Lexing- 
ton ;  less  common  in  the  adjacent  towns,  and  rare  in  other  sections 
of  the  county.  June-Aug. 

H,  ccerulea,  L.    BLUETS.    INNOCENCE. 
Very  common.    May-Aug. 


COMPOSITE.    COMPOSITE  FAMILY. 

VERNONIA,  Schreb. 

V.  Noveboracensis,  Willd.    IRON-WEED. 

Chiefly  in  the  central  and  southern  portions  of  the  county.    Not 

common.    Aug. 
V.  fasciculata,  Michx. 

West  Medford,  a  flourishing  patch  in  1886,  reappearing  in   1887 

(Mrs.  P.  D.  Richards).    Adv.  from  the  West.    Aug. 

LIATRIS,  Schreb. 

L.  scariosa,  Willd. 

Rather  common.    A  form  with  flowers  pure  white  reported  at 

Medford  (Mrs.  P.  D.Richards).    Aug.-Sept. 
*L.  spicata,  Willd. 

Framingham,  rare,  probably  introduced    (Rev.  J.   H.  Temple) ; 

Concord,  introduced  from  111.  by  Minot  Pratt. 


46  MIDDLESEX    FLOE  A. 


EUPATORIUM,  Tourn. 

E.  purpureum,  L.    TRUMPET  WEED.    QUEEN  OF  THE  MEADOW. 

Common.    Aug. -Sept. 
E.  teucrifolium,  Willd. 

Medford   (H.  L.  Moody;   G.  E.  Davenport);    Cambridgeport,   as 

E.  verbenasfolium  (Bigelow's  Fl.  Bost.)  ;  Framingham  (Rev.  J.  H. 
Temple);  Melrose  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong).    Rare.    Aug.-Sept. 

E.  rotundifolium,  L. 

Swain's  Pond,  Melrose   (H.  L.  Moody;    C.  E.  Perkins).    Rare. 

Aug.-Sept. 
E.  rotundifolium,  X  teucrifolium,  (Fide  Asa  Gray.)  Lowell 

and  Chelmsford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).     Aug.-Sept. 
E.  rotundifolium,  L.,  var.    ovatum,    Torr.    (E.  pubescens, 

Muhl.,  Man.) 

Maiden  (H.  L.  Moody)  ;  Arlington  and  Sudbury,  under  E.  ovatum 

(Bigelow's  Fl.  Bost.) ;  Natick   (Austin  Bacon) ;    Waltham  List. 

Not  common.     Aug.-Sept. 
E.  sessilifoiium,  L.    UPLAND  BONESET. 

Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins)  ;  Woburn,  abundant,  Medford  and  Hudson 

(L.  L.  Dame)  ;  Concord,  rather  rare  (Minot  Pratt)  ;  Waltham  List. 

Not  generally  common.     Aug.-Sept. 
E.  perfoliatum,  L.    THOROUGHWORT.    BONESET. 

Common.     Aug.-Sept. 
E.  perfoliatum,  L.,  var.  truncatum,  Gray. 

Dracut  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Aug.-Sept. 

"  With  the  upper  or  even  all  of  the  leaves  disjoined  and  truncate  at 

the  base ;  some  of  them  alternate."    Syn.  Fl.  ST.  A. 
E.  ageratoides,  L.    WHITE  SNAKE-ROOT. 

Tewksbury  and  Dracut  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Maiden  (H.  L.  Moody; 

F.  S.  Collins)  ;  Waltham  List.     The  Concord  plant  was  introduced 
from  Wachuset  by  Minot  Pratt.     Scarce.     Aug.-Sept. 

E.  aromaticum,  L. 

Maiden  (H.  L.  Moody) ;  Stoneham  (F.  S.  Collins).  Rare.  Aug.- 
Sept. 

MIKANIA,  Willd. 

M.  scandens,  Willd.    CLIMBING  HEMP-WEED. 
Lowell,  Framingham,  Medford,  et  al.    Scarce.    July-Sept. 

TUSSILAGO,  Tourn. 

T.  FARFARA,  L.    COLTSFOOT. 

Somerville  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Marlboro  (Mrs.  A.  M.  Staples) ;  for- 
merly at  Groton,  now  extinct  (C.  W.  Jenks).  The  Concord  plant 
was  introduced  from  Vt.  by  Minot  Pratt.  Scarce.  Apr.  Nat. 
from  Eu. 


MIDDLESEX    FLOKA.  47 

SERICOCARPUS,  Nees. 

S.  solidagineus,  Nees.    WHITE-TOPPED  ASTER. 

Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Natick  (Austin  Bacon)  ;  Bedford  (C.  W. 

Jenks)  ;  Chelmsford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Not  very  common.    July- 

Aug. 
S.  conyzoides,  Nees. 

Common.    July. 

ASTER  L. 

A.  corymbosus,  Ait. 

Rather  common.    July-Aug. 
A.  macrophyllus,  L. 

Rather  common.    July-Aug. 

A.  radula,  Ait. 
Not  uncommon.     Aug. 

A.  patens,  Ait. 
Common.    Aug.-Oct. 

A.  laevis,  L. 

Typical  form  and  vars.  laevigatus  and  cyaneus,  Man.    Com- 
mon.   Aug.-Oct. 

A.  undulatus,  L. 
Common.    Aug.-Oct. 

A.  cordifolius,  L. 
Not  uncommon.     Aug.-Oct. 

A.  ericoides,  L. 

Westf  ord  (Misses  Fletcher  and  Hodgman) ;  Waltham  List ;  Med- 
ford (Mrs.  P.  D.  Richards);  Bedford  (C.  E.  Faxon).     Sept.-Oct. 

A.  multiflorus,  Ait. 
Rather  common.    Aug.-Oct. 

A.  dumosus,  L. 
Not  very  common.    Aug.-Sept. 

A.  Tradescanti,  L.,  (not  of  Man.) 

Cambridge  (L.  H.  Bailey,  Jr.)      Specimen  in  Gray  Herb.    Aug.- 
Sept. 

A.  vimineus,  Lam.     (A  Tradescanti  and  var.  fragilis,  Man.) 
Common.     Aug.-Oct. 

A.  diffusus,  Ait.     (A.  miser,  Man.) 
Rather  common.    Aug.-Sept. 

A.  paniculatus,  Lam.     (A.  simplex,  Willd.,  Man.) 
Lowell,  Tyngsborough  and  Marlboro  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Maiden 
(F.  S.  Collins) ;  Waltham  List;    Ashland    (Rev.   Thos.   Morong). 
Scarce.    Aug.-Sept. 

A.  salicifolius,  Ait.     (A.  carneus,  Nees.,  in  part,  Man.) 
Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Maiden  (H.  L.  Moody) ;     "woods  on 
Concord  Turnpike ;  (Bigelow's  Fl.  Bost.)     Scarce. 


48  MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


A.  Novi  Belgii,  L.     (A.  longifolius,  Lam.,  Man.) 

Widely  distributed;    not    uncommon.       Occasional    with    white 

flowers.    Aug.-Oct. 
A.  Novi  Belgii,  L.,  var.  litoreus,  Gray. 

Not  uncommon  near  salt  marshes.     Sept.-Oct. 

<;  Steins  rigid,  low,  or  sometimes  3  or  4  feet  high,  and  then  panicu- 

lately  much  branched,  very  leafy ;   leaves  thickish  and  firm,  very 

smooth,    (rarely  upper  face  somewhat  scabrous),  oblong  to  lanceo- 
late, upper  partly  clasping  and  sometimes  auriculate :  bracts  of  the 

involucre    loosely  imbricated  in  several  ranks,   outer  commonly 

spatulate,  all  but  innermost  with  broadish  or  obtuse  herbaceous  and 

mostly  thickish  tips."    Syn.  Fl.,  N.  A. 
A.  puniceus,  L. 

Common.    Aug.-Oct. 
A.  puniceus,  L.,  var.   lucidulus,  Gray,  (var.  vimineus,  Man.) 

Maiden  (H.  L.  Moody)  ;  Medford  (L.  L.  Dame).     Sept.-Oct. 
A.  amethystinus,  Nutt. 

Westford   (Misses  Fletcher  and  Hodgman) ;    Cambridge    (H.  L. 

Moody);     Arlington     (A.  E.    Verrill) ;    Belmont    (Wm.    Boott). 

Scarce.    Aug.-Sept. 
A.  Novae  Angliae,  L.    New  England  Aster. 

Rather  common.     Aug.-Oct. 
A.  acuminatus,  Michx. 

Common.    Aug.-Sept. 
A.  nemoralis,  Ait. 

Tewksbury  (Wm.  Boott)  ;  Dracut  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;   Long  PondT 

Melrose  (H.  L.  Moody).    Rare.     Aug.-Sept. 
A.  tenuifolius,  L.    (A.  flexuosus,  Nutt.,  Man). 

Borders  of  Mystic  Pond,  Medford  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong;  specimen 

in  herb.  of).    Rare. 
A.  subulatus,  Michx.     (A.  linifolius,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Man.) 

Common  along  salt  marshes.    Aug.-Sept. 
A.  linariifolius,  L.     (Diplopappus  linariifolius,  Hook.,  Man.) 

Common.     A  form  with  white  flowers  not  uncommon.     Aug.-Sept. 
A.   umbellatus,  Mill.     (Diplopappus  umbellatus,  Torr.  &  Gray, 

Man.) 

Common.    Aug.-Oct. 
A.   infirmus,  Michx.      (Diplopappus  cornifolius,  Torr.  &  Gray, 

Man.) 

Concord  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  Acton  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Rare.     Sept. 

ERIGERON,  L. 

E.  Canadensis,  L.    HORSEWEED. 
Common.    July-Oct. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  49 

E.  bellidifolius,  Muhl.    ROBIN'S  PLANTAIN. 

Common.    May-June. 
E.  Philadelphicus,  L.    FLEABANE. 

Groton  (C.  W.  Jenks)  ;  No.  Reading  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Townsend 

(Miss  H.  E.  Haynes).    Rare.    June-July. 
E.  annuus,  Pers.    DAISY  FLEABANE. 

Common.    June-Sept. 
E.  strigosus,  Muhl.    DAISY  FLEABANE. 

Common.      The    form    known    as    var.    dlSCOideus,   Robbins, 

occasional.    June-Aug. 

BOLTONIA,  L'Her. 

*B.  asteroides,  L'Her.     (B.  glastifolia,  L'Her.,  Man.) 
Concord,  int.  from  Penn.  by  Minot  Pratt. 

BELLIS,  Tourn. 

B.  perennis,  L.    ENGLISH  DAISY. 

Maiden,  near  B.  &  M.  R.  R.,  May,  1886  (F.  S.  Collins).    Adv.  from 
Eu.    For  description,  see  Wood's  Bot.  and  Fl. 

SOLIDAGO,  L. 

S.  squarrosa,  Muhl. 

Burlington  (Miss  M.  E.  Carter) ;  Concord,  introduced  from  Vt.  by 

Minot  Pratt.      The  Burlington  plant   is    unquestionably  native, 

though  the  locality  is  limited,  and  fortunately  not  easily  found   by 

over-enthusiastic  collectors.    Aug. -Sept. 
S.  bicolor,  L. 

Common.     Aug.-Sept. 
S.  bicolor,  L.,  var.  concolor,  Gray. 

Woburn  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Weston  (Walter  E.  Coburn).    Rare. 

Aug.-Sept. 
S.  latifolia,  L. 

Not  very  common.    Aug.-Sept. 
S.  caesia,  L. 

Common.     Aug.-Oct. 
S.  puberula,  Nutt. 

Not  very  common.    Aug.-Sept. 
*S.  uliginosa,  Nutt.    (S.  stricta,  Ait.,  Man.) 

Waltham  List;  Concord,  peat  bogs  (Minot  Pratt).    Rare.    Aug.- 
Sept. 
S.  speciosa,  Nutt. 

Westford  (Misses  Fletcher  and  Hodgman)  ;  Maiden  (H.  L.  Moody)  ; 

Waltham  and  Arlington  (Wm.   Boott)  ;  Winchester  (L.  L.  Dame). 

Rare.    Sept.-Oct. 


50  MIDDLESEX   FLOKA. 


S.  sempervirens,  Michx. 

Common  along  the  salt  marshes.     Aug.-Sept. 
S.  neglecta,  Torr.  &  Gray. 

Common.    Aug.-Sept. 
S.  neglecta,  Torr.   &  Gray,  var.  linoides,   Gray   (S.   linoides, 

Soland.,  Man.) 

Maiden,  1887  (E.  H.  Hitchings).    Sept. 
S.  juncea,  Ait.     (S.  arguta,  of  Man.) 

Common.     July-Aug. 
S.  arguta,  Ait.     (S.  Muhlenbergii,  Torr.  &  Gray.,  Man.) 

Medford,  Lowell,  Tewksbury,  et  al. ;  apparently  more  common  in 

the  northern  portion  of  the  county.    July-Sept. 
S.  rugosa,  Mill.     (S.  altissima,  L.,  Man.) 

Common.    jAug.-Sept. 
S.  ulmifolia,  Muhl. 

Dracut  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Maiden  (H.  L.  Moody)  ;  Medford  (Wm. 

Boott)  ;  Melrose  and  Woburn  (Mrs.  P.   D.  Richards).     Not  very 

common.    Aug.-Sept. 
S.  odora,  Ait.    SWEET  GOLDEN-ROD. 

Widely  distributed,  but  not  very  common.    July-Aug. 
S.  nemoralis,  Ait. 

Common.    Aug.-Oct. 
S.  Canadensis,  L. 

Common.    July-Sept.     A  peculiar  form  near  Fresh  Pond,  with  the 

stem  perfectly  smooth  up  to  the  inflorescence;  leaves  scabrous 

above,  ciliate,  hairy  on  the  veins  beneath,  (Walter  Deane) . 
S.  Canadensis,    L.,  var.   procera,    Torr.  &  Gray.,  Maiden, 

(H.  L.  Moody). 
S.  serotina,  Ait.     (S.  gigantea,  of  Man.) 

Not  very  common.     July-Aug. 
S.  serotina,  Ait.,  var.  gigantea,  Gray.  (S.  serotina  of  Man.) 

Medford  (L.  L.  Dame)  ;  Maiden  (H.  L.  Moody)  ;  Stoneham  (W.  H. 

Manning) ;  Waltham  List ;  Concord  (Minot  Pratt) .     Not  uncom- 
mon.    Aug.-Sept. 
S.  lanceolata,  L. 

Common.     Aug. 
S.  tenuifolia,  Pursh. 

Silver  Lake,  Wilmington  (J.  R.   Churchill) ;    Tewksbury    (Wm. 

Boott ) ;  the  Concord  plant  was  introduced  from  Weyrnouth  by 

Minot  Pratt.    July-Sept. 

GRINDELIA,  Willd. 
G.  robusta,  Nutt.    GUM-PLANT. 

Lowell,  "dumps"  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Adv.  from  Cal.    For  descrip- 
tion see  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  N.  A. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  51 

INULA,  L. 

I.  HELENIUM,  L.    ELECAMPANE. 

Generally  distributed,  but  not  very  common.     July-Aug.     Nat. 
from  Eu. 

PLUCHEA,  Cass. 

P.  camphorata,  DC.    SALT-MARSH  FLEABANE. 
Common  along  salt  marshes.     Aug. 

SILPHIUM,  L. 

*S.  laciniatum,  L.    KOSIN-WEED.    COMPASS-PLANT. 

Concord,  int.  from  111.  by  Minot  Pratt.     July. 
*/#.  terebinthinaceum,  L.     PRAIRIE  DOCK. 

Concord,  int.  from  111.  by  Minot  Pratt.    July-Aug. 

PARTHENIUM,  L. 
P.  Hysteropliorus,  L. 

Lowell,  ' '  dumps  "  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) .    Sept.    Adv.  from  the  South . 
For  description,  see  Wood's  Bot.  &  Fl. 

IVA,  L. 

1.  frutescens,  L. 
Common  along  salt  marshes  and  tidal  streams.     Aug. 

AMBROSIA,  Tourn. 

A,  artemisiaefolia,  L.    ROMAN  WORMWOOD.    RAGWEED. 
Very  common.    A  form  with  fertile  spikes    from  Maiden   (F.  S. 
Collins) .    July-Sept. 

XANTHIUM,  Tourn. 

X.  strumarium,  L.     COCKLEBUR. 

N.  Chelmsf ord,  wool-waste  (Kev.  W.  P.  Alcott ;  specimen  in  herb. 

of).     Aug.     Adv.  from  Eu. 
X.  Canadense,  Mill.,  var.  echinatum,  Gray. 

Maiden  and  Medford  (F.  S.  Collins)  ;  Westford,  near  woollen-mill 

(Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    More  common  near  salt  marshes.    Aug. 
X.  spinosum,  L.    SPINY  CLOTBUR. 

Chelmsf  ord,  Lowell,  Dracut  and  Westford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Aug. 

Int.  in  wool  from  Trop.  Am. 

ECHINACEA,  Moench. 

*E.  purpurea,  Moench.    PURPLE  CONE-FLOWER. 
Centralville,  Lowell  (Dr.  C.   W.   Swan);   Waltham  List.     July. 
Adv.  from  the  West. 


52  MIDDLESEX   FLOKA. 


RUDBECKIA,  L. 

R.  laciniata,  L. 

Tewksbury,  Lowell,  Chelmsford,  et  al.    Not  very  common.    July- 

Aug. 
R.  hirta,  L.    CONE-FLOWER. 

Common.    July-Aug. 

HELIANTHUS,  L. 

H.  annuus,  L.    COMMON  SUNFLOWER. 

Occasionally  spontaneous.    Aug.-Sept.    Int.  from  Trop.  Am. 
H,  strumosus,  L. 

Widely  distributed.    Aug.-Sept. 
H.  divaricatus,  L. 

Common.    Aug.-Sept. 
H.  decapetalus,  L. 

Lowell  and  Tewksbury  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Medford  (Mrs.  P.  D. 

Richards)  ;  Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins).    Not  common.    Aug.-Sept. 
H.  petiolaris,  Nutt. 

Westford,  woollen  mill  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Sept.    Adv.  from  the 

West.    For  description,  see  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  N.  A. 
H.  TUBEROSUS,  L.    JERUSALEM  ARTICHOKE. 

Maiden  (R.  Frohock) ;  Melrose  (H.  L.  Moody) ;  Somerville  (F.  S. 

Collins);  Concord  (Minot  JPratt).     Scarce.    Sept.    Nat.  ^from  the 

South. 

COREOPSIS,  L. 

C.  rosea,  Nutt. 

Winchester  and  Woburn  (Wm.  Boott).    Abundant  about  Winter 

and  Round  Ponds,  but  nowhere  else  in  the  county.    Aug.-Sept. 
C.  aristosa,  Michx. 

Lowell,  "  dump  "  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Aug.    Adv.  from  the  West. 
C.  trichosperma,  Michx.    TICKSEED  SUNFLOWER. 
-  Maiden  and  Melrose  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  Fresh  Pond  (Bigelow's  FL 

Bost.)  ;  Wakefield  (Mrs.  P.  D.  Richards)  ;  Concord  (Minot  Pratt). 

Abundant  where  it  occurs  at  all.    Sept.-Oct. 

BIDENS,  Tourn. 

B.  frondosa,  L.    BEGGAR-TICKS. 

Common.     Aug.-Sept. 
B.  connata,  Muhl.    SWAMP  BEGGAR-TICKS. 

Not  reported  from  the  northern  and  western  part  of  the  county, 

but  common  elsewhere.    Aug.-Sept. 
B.  cernua,  L.    SMALLER  BUR-MARIGOLD. 

Widely  distributed,  but  rather  scarce.    Aug.-Sept. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  53 

B.  chrysanthemoides,  Michx.    LARGER  BUR-MARIGOLD. 
Natick  (Austin  Bacon) ;  Acton  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Bedford  and 
Billerica  (C.  W.  Jenks) ;  Concord  (Minot  Pratt).    Not  very  com- 
mon, and  not  reported  in  the  northern  part  of  the  county.    Aug.- 
Sept. 

B.  Beckii,  Torr.    WATER  MARIGOLD. 

Lowell,  Bedford,  Woburn,  Ashland,  et  al.  Not  very  common. 
Aug.-Sept. 

B.  Upinnata,  L.     SPANISH  NEEDLES. 

Lowell,  "dump"  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Aug.-Sept.  Adv.  from 
farther  west. 

HEMIZONIA,  DC. 

H.  fasciculata,  Torr.  &  Gray,  var.  ramosissima,  Gray. 
N.  Chelinsford,  wool-waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott).     Adv.  from  Cal. 
For  description,  see  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  N.  A. 

LAYIA,  Hook.  &  Arn. 

L.  platyglossa,  Gray.    TIDY-TIPS. 

N.  Chelmsford,  wool-waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott;  specimen  in  herb, 
of).  Adv.  from  Cal.  For  description,  see  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  N.  A. 

BAERIA,  Fisch.  &  Meyer. 

B.  gracilis,  Gray,  var.  tenerrima,  Gray. 

N.  Chelmsford,  wool-waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott ;  specimen  in  herb, 
of).  Adv.  from  Cal.  For  description,  see  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.N.  A. 

B.  ullginosa,  Gray. 

N.  Chelmsford,  wool-waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott;  specimen  in  herb, 
of).  Adv.  from  Cal.  For  description,  see  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  N.  A. 

ClLENACTIS,  DC. 

C.  glabriuscula,  DC. 

N.  Chelmsford,  wool-waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott).  Adv.  from  Cal. 
For  description,  see  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  N.  A. 

HELENIUM,  L. 

*H.  autumnale,  L.    SNEEZE-WEED. 
Concord,  int.  from  111.  by  Minot  Pratt.     Sept. 

H.  tenuifolium,  Nutt. 

Lowell,  "dump"  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Maiden,  cotton-waste,  Gould- 
ing's  Mill  (F.  S.  Collins).  Adv.  from  the  South.  For  description, 
see  Woods  Bot.  &  Fl. 

GALINSOGA,  Ruiz.  &  Pav. 

*G.  PARVIFLORA,  Cav. 

Cambridge,  waste  places  (Man.  2d  ed.)    Locally  nat.  from  So.  Am. 


54  MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


ANTHEMIS,  L. 

A.  COTULA,  L.     (Maruta  Cotula,  DC.,  Man.)    MAY-WEED. 

Very  common.    July-Sept.    Nat.  from  Eu. 
A.  arvensis,  L.    CORN  CHAMOMILE. 

Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    June-July.    Adv.  f rom  Eu. 

ACHILLEA,  Vaill. 

A.  Millefolium,  L.    YARROW. 

Very  common.  Form  with  pink  flowers  not  uncommon.  July- 
Sept. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM,  Tourn.,  L. 

C.  LEUCANTHEMUM,  L.     (Leucanthemum  vulgare,  Lam.,  Man.)    OX- 
EYE  DAISY.    WHITE-WEED. 
Very  common.    June-July.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

C.  Parthenium,  Pers.     (Leucanthemum  Parthenium,  Godron,  Man.) 
FEVERFEW. 

Dracut,  roadside  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Maiden  (F.  S.  C611ins)  ;  Wal- 
tham  List.  Escaped  from  gardens.  July-Aug.  Int.  from  Eu. 

C.  Balsamita,  L.,  var.  tanacetoides,  Boiss.     COSTMARY.    MINT  GERA- 
NIUM.   MINT.    GOOSE-TONGUE. 

Persistent  in  old  gardens  and  occasional  by  the  roadside.  Aug.- 
Sept.  Adv.  from  Asia. 

"A  rayless  or  discoid  form,  known  by  its  sweet-scented  herbage, 
barely  serrate  oblong  leaves,  and  yellowish  flowers ;  when  the  rays 
appear  they  are  white."  Syn.  Fl.  N.  A. 

MATRICARIA,  Tourn. 

M.  discoidea,  DC. 

N.  Chelmsford,  wool-waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott ;  specimen  in  herb, 
of) .  Adv.  from  Cal. 


T.  VULGARE,  L.    TANSY. 

Common  by  the  roadside;  including  var.  CRISPUM  of  the  Man., 
which  is  not  uncommon.  July-Aug.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

ARTEMISIA,  Tourn.,  L. 

A.  VULGARIS,  L.      MUGWORT. 

Lowell  and  Carlisle  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Maiden  and  Somerville 
(F.  S.  Collins)  ;  Marlboro  (Mrs.  A.  M.  Staples).  Aug.-Sept.  Nat. 
from  Eu. 


MIDDLESEX    FLOEA.  55 

A.  biennis,  Willd.    BIENNIAL  WORMWOOD 

Cambridge  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Billerica  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Aug.- 
Sept.  Adv.  from  the  West,  and  tending  towards  naturalization. 

A.  ABSINTHIUM,  L.    WORMWOOD. 

Cambridge  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Medford  (G.  E.  Davenport)  ;  Maiden 
(F.  S.  Collins)  ;  Groton  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Aug.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

A.  STELLERIANA,  Bess. 

Tewksbury,  a  garden  escape  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Cambridge,  grow- 
ing in  the  sand  on  the  bank  of  the  Charles  (Walter  Deane;  speci- 
men in  herb.  of).  Int.  from  the  north-west  coast,  and  locally  nat- 
uralized. "A  foot  or  two  high  from  a  creeping  lignescent  base, 
robust,  densely  white-tomentose,  the  tomentumof  the  stem  cottony; 
leaves  obovate  or  spatulate  in  outline,  sinuately  or  incisely  pinnati- 
fid ;  lobes  obtuse ;  corolla  glabrous ;  akenes  a  line  pnd  a  half  long, 
oblong,  not  contracted  at  summit;  the  coat  utricular."  Syn.  Fl. 
N.  A. 

GNAPHALIUM,  L. 

G.  decurrens,  Ives.    EVERLASTING. 

Dunstable  and  No.  Acton  (L.  L.  Dame)  ;  Medford  and  Ashby  (Dr. 

C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Framingham  (Rev.  J.  H.  Temple)  ;  Woburn  and 

Medford  (Wm.  Boott).     Widely  distributed,  but  nowhere  common. 

July-Sept. 
G.  polycephalum,  Michx.    EVERLASTING. 

Common.     Aug.-Sept. 
G.  uliginosum,  L.    CUDWEED. 

Common.     July-Sept. 
G.  purpureum,  L.    PURPLISH  CUDWEED. 

Lowell,  "dump"  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    June. 

ANAPHALIS,  DC. 
A.  margaritacea,   Benth.  &  Hook.      (Antennaria  margaritacea, 

R.  Br.,  Man.)    PEARLY  EVERLASTING. 

Common.     Aug.-Sept. 

ANTENNARIA,  Gaertn. 

A.  plantaginifolia,  Hook.    LADIES'  TOBACCO. 
Very  common.    April-May. 

ERECHTITES,  Raf . 

E.  hieracifolia,  Raf.    FIREWEED. 

Very  common.    Aug.-Sept. 

SENECIO,  Tourn. 
S.  VULGARIS,  L.    GROUNDSEL. 

Somerville   (C.  E.  Perkins);     Marlboro    (Mrs.  A.   M.   Staples); 

Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Medford  and  Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins).   Not 

common  save  in  the  towns  near  Boston.    July-Oct.    Nat.  from  Eu. 


56  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


*tS.  viscosus,  L. 

Lowell,  waste  ground  (Dr.  F.  Nickerson)  ;  Aug.-Oct.  Adv.  from  Eu. 
"Coarser  than  the  preceding,  viscid-pubescent,  strong-scented; 
leaves  once  or  twice  pinnatifid ;  heads  rather  larger,  more  peduncu- 
late; involucre  sparingly  and  slenderly  bracteolate  at  base,  its 
bracts  not  black-tipped;  rays  with  inconspicuous  ligule;  akenes 
glabrous."  Syn.  Fl.  N.  A. 

S.  aureus,  L.    GOLDEN  RAGWORT. 
Common.     May-June. 

S.  aureus,  L.,  var.  obovatus,  Torr.  &  Gray,  Melrose  (F.   S. 
Collins). 

S,  aureus,   L.,   var.   Balsam  itse,  Torr.    &    Gray,    Stoneham; 
(Bigelow's  Fl.  Bost.)  ;  Woburn  (C.  E.  Perkins). 

CENTAUREA,  L. 

(7.  Cyanus,  L.    BACHELOR'S  BUTTON.    BLUEBOTTLE. 
Escaped  from  gardens.     July-Aug.     Int.  from  Eu. 

C.  NIGRA,  L.    KNAPWEED. 

Chelmsford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Acton  (L.  L.  Dame)  ;  Billerica  (C. 
W.  Jenks)  ;  and  common  for  many  years  in  the  towns  near  Boston. 
Forms  with  white  and  pink  flowers  not  uncommon;  occasional 
forms  with  marginal  flowers  much  enlarged.  Aug. -Sept.  Nat. 
from  Eu. 

C.  Jacea,  L. 

Spreading  in  a  field  in  E.  Lexington  (Miss  Eliza  Wellington) .  Adv. 
from  Eu. 

"  Heads  usually  larger  (than  nigra)  ;  brownish  appendages  of  the 
involucral  bracts  merely  lacerate ;  marginal  flowers  neutral  and  with 
enlarged  palmate  corollas,  forming  conspicuous  false  rays ;  other- 
wise like  nigra."  Syn.  Fl.  N".  A. 

C.  leucophcea,  Jord. 

What  may  be  this  species  was  collected  at  Westford,  near  the 
woollen  mills,  by  Dr.  C.  W.  Swan.  The  plants  are  about  a  foot 
high,  with  numerous  pinnatifid  radical  leaves,  and  stem  leaves 
similar  but  smaller  and  less  divided,  the  uppermost  short  and  linear. 
The  heads  are  about  the  size  of  tbose  of  C.  nigra,  rose  color,  the 
scales  of  the  involucre  conspicuously  veined,  with  darker,  ciliate  tips. 

C.  benedicta,  L.     (Cnicus  benedictus,  L.,  Man.)     BLESSED  THISTLE. 
Cambridge,  waste-heap,  a  few  plants,  1885  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong; 
specimen  in  herb.  of).    Adv.  from  Eu. 

CNICUS,  Tourn.,  L. 

C.  LANCEOLATUS,  Hoffm.     (Cirsium  lanceolatum,  Scop.,  Man.)    COM- 
MON THISTLE. 
Common.    July-Sept.     Nat.  from  Eu. 


MIDDLESEX   FLOKA.  57 

C.  altissimus,  Willd.,  var.  discolor,  Gray.     (Cirsium  discolor, 
Spreng.,  Man.) 
Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins).     Scarce.     Aug.-Sept. 

C.  muticus,  Pursh.     (Cirsium  muticum,  Michx.,  Man.)    SWAMP 
THISTLE. 
Not  very  common.     Aug.-Sept. 

C.  pumilus,  Torr.     (Cirsium  pumilum,  Spreng.,  Man.)     PASTURE 
THISTLE. 
Common ;  a  white  flowered  form  occasional.     July- Aug. 

C.  horridulus,  Pursh.   (Cirsium  horridulum,  Michx.,  Man.)   YEL- 
LOW THISTLE. 

Medford  and  Everett  (F.  S.  Collins).  Rather  scarce,  and  found 
only  near  salt  water.  June-July. 

C.  ARVENSIS,  Hoffm.    (Cirsium  arvense,  Scop.,  Man,)    CANADA  THIS- 
TLE. 

Very  common ;  a  white  flowered  form  not  uncommon.  July-Sept. 
Nat.  from  Eu. 

ONOPORDON,  Vaill. 

O.  ACANTHIUM,  L.      COTTON  THISTLE. 

Watertown  (Wm.  Boott) ;  Tewksbury  (C.  J.  Sprague) ;  Chelms- 
ford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Somerville  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Concord 
(Minot  Pratt).  Rare.  July.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

ARCTIUM,  L. 

A.  Lappa,  L.,  var.  ma  jus,  Gray.     (Lappa  officinalis,  All.,  var.  major, 

Man.)    LARGER  BURDOCK. 

Westford,  near  woollen  mill  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;   Maiden   (F.  S. 

Collins).     Aug.-Sept.     Adv.  from  Eu. 
A.  Lappa,  L.,  var.  tomentosum,  Gray. 

Cambridge,  waste-heap  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong).    Adv.  from  Eu. 
A.  LAPPA,  L.,  VAR.  MINUS,  Gray.    BURDOCK. 

Very  common ;  a  form  with  white  flowers  occasional ;  also  a  form 

with  laciniate  leaves.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

LAMPS  ANA,  Tourn. 

L.  COMMUNIS,  L.    NIPPLEWORT. 
Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Newton  (C.  J.  Sprague).    Nat.  from  Eu. 

CICHORIUM,  Tourn. 

C.  INTYBUS,  L.    SUCCORY.    CHICORY. 
Common,  especially  near  Boston.    July-Sept.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

KRIGIA,  Schreb. 

K.  Virginica,  Willd.    DWARF  DANDELION. 
Common.    May-June. 


58  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


HYPOCILERIS,  L. 

"Involucre  imbricate;  achenium  attenuate  into  a  long  beak,  or 
slightly  attenuate  and  almost  without    beak;    pappus  plumose; 
receptacle  chaffy,  chaff  deciduous.      Flowers  yellow  or  golden." 
Koch,  Syn.  Fl.  Germ. 
H.  glabra,  L. 

N.  Chelmsford,  wool-waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott;  specimen  in  herb, 
of).  Adv.  from  Gal.,  but  a  native  of  Eu. 

"  Stem  branching,  smooth,  leafless ;  ray  florets  as  long  as  the 
involucre;  central  achenia  long-beaked,  the  marginal  without 
beak."  Koch,  Syn.  Fl.  Germ. 

MICROSERIS,  Don. 

M.  Douglasii,  Gray. 

N".  Chelmsford,  wool-waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott ;  specimen  in  herb, 
of). 

"  A  very  rare  species,  having  been  collected  only  by  Douglas  him- 
self, over  forty  years  ago,"  Watson  in  lit.  1879.     Adv.  from  the 
Pacific  coast. 
For  description,  see  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  N.  A. 

LEONTODON,  L.,  Juss. 

L.  AUTUMNALIS,  L.      FALL  DANDELION. 

Very  common.     Aug.-Oct.     Nat.  from  Eu. 
HIERACIUM,  Tourn. 

H.  Canadense,  Michx.    CANADA  HAWKWEED. 

Rather  common.    Aug.-Sept. 
H.  scabrum,  Michx.    ROUGH  HAWKWEED. 

Common.    Aug. 
H.venosum,L.    RATTLESNAKE- WEED. 

Common.    July-Aug. 
H.  paniculatum,  L.    PANICLED  HAWKWEED. 

Rather  common.     Ang.-Sept. 
If.  aurantiacum,  L. 

Reading,  et  al. ;  occasionally  spontaneous.    June.    Adv.  from  Eu. 

For  description,  see  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  N.  A. 

CREPIS,  L. 

"  Annuals  or  perennials,  with  soft,  white  pappus  and  narrow- 
necked  or  beaked  akenes  (some  truncate  or  merely  tapering 
upwards) ;  leaves  entire  or  inclined  to  be  pinnatifld ;  flowers  all 
yellow."  Coulter,  R.  M.  Bot. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  59 


C.  fcetida,  L. 

Westford,  woollen-mill  yard  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Adv.  from  Eu. 
"  Stem  erect,  leafy,  branching,  hairy ;  leaves  hairy,  runciuate- 
pinnatifid,  the  uppermost  lanceolate,  deeply  incised  at  the  base; 
peduncles  drooping  before  flowering;  beaks  of  the  marginal 
achenia  shorter  than  the  involucre,  those  of  the  interior  longer ;  the 
entire  involucre  downy  and  villous;  hairs  simple  and  glandular; 
bracts  of  the  involucre  lanceolate,  acute."  Koch,  Syn.  Fl.  Germ. 

PRENANTHES,  Vaill. 
P.  alba,  L.     (Nabalus  albus,  Hook.,  Man.)     WHITE  LETTUCE. 

Common.    Aug.-Sept. 
P.  altissima,  L.   (Nabalus  altissimus,  Hook.,  Man.)  TALL  WHITE 

LETTUCE. 

Common.     Aug.-Sept. 
P.  serpentaria,  Pursh.     (Nabalus  Fraseri,  DC.,  Man.)     LION'S 

FOOT.    GALL-OF-THE-EARTH. 

Tewksbury    and    Winchester   (Dr.   C.   W.   Swan) ;    Belmont   and 

Arlington  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Medford  (Wm.  Boott)  ;  Waltham  List; 

Concord  (Minot  Pratt).     Not  common.    Aug.-Sept. 

TARAXACUM,  Hall. 
T.  of f  icinale,  Weber.    (T.  Dens-leonis,  Desf .,  Man.)    DANDELION. 

Very  common.     Apr.-July. 

LACTUCA,  Tourn. 
L.  Canadensis,  L.    WILD  LETTUCE. 

Common.     Aug.-Sept. 
L.  integrifolia,  Bigel.     (L.  Canadensis,  var.  iiitegrifolia,  Torr.   & 

Gray,  Man.) 

Tewksbury  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Maiden  and  Melrose  (F.  S.  Collins). 

Not  very  common.    Aug.-Sept. 
L.  hirsuta,  Muhl.     (L.  Canadensis,  var.  sanguinea,  Torr.  &  Gray, 

Man.) 

Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Maiden,  Melrose,  et  al.,  not  rare  (F.  S. 

Collins).    Aug.-Sept. 
L.  SCARIOLA,  L.    PRICKLY  LETTUCE. 

Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins);  Sonierville  (C.  E.  Perkins);    Cambridge 

(Wm.  Boott).    Not  common.    Aug.    Nat.  from  Eu. 
L.  leucophaea,  Gray.       (Mulgedium  leucophseum,   DC.,   Man.) 

BLUE  LETTUCE. 

Widely  distributed;  not  uncommon.     Aug.-Sept. 

SONCHUS,  L. 

S-  OLERACEUS,  L.      SOW- THISTLE. 

Maiden,  Somerville,  Westford,  Framingham,  et  al.    Not  uncommon. 
Nat.  from  Eu. 


60  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


S.  ASPER,  Vill.    SPINY-LEAVED  SOW-THISTLE. 
Maiden,  Medford,  Lowell,  et  al.    Not  common.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

LOBELIACEyE.    LOBELIA    FAMILY. 

LOBELIA,  L. 

L.  cardinalis,  L.    CARDINAL  FLOWER. 

Frequent.    A  form  with  white  flowers  is  found  in  Melrose  (Mrs.  P. 

D.  Richards),  and  Bedford  (C.  W.  Jenks).    July-Aug. 
*L.  syphilitica,  L.    GREAT  LOBELIA. 

Concord,  introduced  from  111.  by  Minot  Pratt.    July-Aug. 
L.  inflata,  L.    INDIAN  TOBACCO. 

Common.    July-Sept. 
L.  spicata,  Lam. 

Generally  distributed,  but  not  very  common.    July-Sept. 
L.  Dortmanna,  L.    WATER  LOBELIA. 

Fresh  Pond,  Martin's    Pond,  Dracut,   Groton,  Westford,    et    al. 

Scarce.    July-Aug. 

CAMPANULACEyE.    CAMPANULA    FAMILY. 

CAMPANULA,  TOURN. 

C.  rotund i folia,  L.    HAREBELL. 

Earely  found  native,  except  in  the  Merrimac  River  Valley,  where 
it  is  common.  At  Concord,  it  was  introduced  by  Minot  Pratt  thirty 
years  ago,  and  has  become  thorougly  established.  June-Sept. 

C.  aparinoides,  Pursh.    MARSH  BELL-FLOWER. 
Common.    June-Aug. 

C.  rapunculoides,  L. 

Tewksbury  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan);  Melrose  and  Natick  (Rev.  Thos. 
Morong)  ;  Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins).  Adv.  from  Eu.  July-Aug. 

SPECULARIA,  Heist. 

S.l'perfoliata,  A.DC.    VENUS'S  LOOKING-GLASS. 
Rather  common.     June-July. 

ERICACE>C.    HEATH   FAMILY, 

GAYLUSSACIA,  HBK. 

G.  dumosa,  Torr.  &  Gray.    DWARF  HUCKLEBERRY. 
Melrose  (H.  A.  Young) ;  Natick  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong)  ;  Littleton 
(L.  L.  Dame)  ;  Tewksbury  and  Newton  (Wm.  Boott).    June. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  61 

G.  f  rondosa,  Ton*.  &  Gray.    BLUE  TANGLE.    DANGLEBERRY. 

Widely  distributed,  but  not  very  common.     May-June. 
G.  resinosa,  Torr.  &  Gray.    BLACK  HUCKLEBERRY. 

Common.    May-June. 

VACCINIUM,  L. 

V.  Oxycoccus,  L.    SMALL  CRANBERRY. 

Ashby  and  Wilmington  (W.  H.  Manning)  ;  Concord  (Minot  Pratt)  ; 

Natick  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong) ;  Littleton  (L.  L.  Dame).  Eare.    June. 
V.  macrocarpon,  Ait.    CRANBERRY. 

Common.    June/ 
*  V.  Vitis-Idcea,  L.     COWBERRY. 

Concord,  introduced  from  the  White  Mts.  by  Minot  Pratt,  but  does 

not  thrive.     June. 
V.  Pennsylvanicum,  Lam.    DWARF  BLUEBERRY. 

Common.    A  form  with  black  and  shining  berries  destitute  of 

bloom,  the  var.  nigrum  of  Wood,  occasional.    May. 
*V.  Canadense,  Kalm.    CANADA  BLUEBERRY. 

Townsend  (Miss  H.  E.  Haynes).     May. 
V.  vacillans,  Soland.    Low  BLUEBERRY. 

Rather  common.     May-June. 
V.  corymbosum,  L.    SWAMP  BLUEBERRY. 

Common.    May-June. 
V.  corymbosum,  var.  atrococcum,  Gray. 

Common.     May-June. 

CHIOGENES,  Salisb. 

C.  hispidula,  Torr.  &  Gray.    CREEPING  SNOWBERRY. 
Shirley   and    Littleton    (W.    H.  ^Manning) ;     Tewksbury  (B.  D. 
Greene) ;  Concord  (Minot  Pratt).     Rare.     May. 

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS,  Adans.1 

A.  Uva-ursi,  Spreng.    BEARBERRY. 
Widely  distributed ;  but  not  very  common.    May-June. 

EPIG^EA,  L. 

E,  repens,  L.    TRAILING   ARBUTUS.     MAY   FLOWER.     Ashby, 
Littleton,  Westford,  Concord,  et  al.     Common  only  in  the  north- 
western part  of  the  county.     Apr.-May. 

GAULTHERIA,  Kalm. 

G.Eprocumbens,    L.    WINTERGREEN.     CHECKERBERRY.     BOX- 
BERRY.    Common.    July. 

LEUCOTHOE,  Don. 

L.  racemosa,  Gray. 
Maiden,  Medford,  Townsend,  Ashland,  et  al.    Not  common.    June. 


62  MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


CASSANDRA,  Don. 

C.  calyculata,  Don.    LEATHER-LEAF. 
Common.     April-May. 

ANDROMEDA,  L. 
A.  polifolia,  L. 

Tewksbury,  Dracut,  Reading,  Concord,  Littleton,  et  al.    Not  com- 
mon.   June. 
A.  ligustrina,  Muhl. 
Common.    June-July. 

CLETHRA,  L. 

C.  alnifolia,  L.    WHITE  ALDER.    SWEET  PEPPERBUSH. 
Common.    July-Aug. 

CALLUNA,  Salisb. 

C.  vulgaris,  Salisb.    HEATHER. 

This  rare  plant  was  discovered  for  the  first  time  upon  the  American 
mainland,  by  Jackson  Dawson,  in  July,  1861,  on  low  grounds  in 
Tewksbury.  A  second  station  has  since  been  found  in  W.  Andover, 
Essex  Co.,  five  miles  from  the  Tewksbury  locality,  of  the  "green 
and  smoothish  variety  precisely  like  the  Tewksbury  plant,"  Gray. 
Subsequent  discoveries  of  the  Calluna  at  many  different  points 
northward  favor  the  conclusion  that  it  is  really  indigenous  hi 
America.  Mr.  Dawson  states  that  the  Tewksbury  station,  never  a 
large  one,  is  decreasing  in  area,  partly  from  the  inroads  of  botan- 
ists, and  partly  from  the  encroachments  of  the  woods  beneath  the 
shade  of  which  the  heather  almost  always  disappears.  The  for- 
bearance of  collectors  with  the  timely  removal  of  a  few  shrubs 
would  undoubtedly  preserve  this  interesting  survival  of  a  former 
flora.  July-Aug. 

KALMIA,  L. 

K.  latifolia,  L.    MOUNTAIN  LAUREL. 

Common  in  the  northern  towns,  but  rare  elsewhere.    June. 
K.  angustifolia,  L.    SHEEP  LAUREL.    LAMBKILL. 

Common.    June. 
K.  glauca,  Ait.    PALE  LAUREL. 

Ashby  and  Littleton  (L.  L.  Dame)  ;  Westf  ord  (Misses  Fletcher  and 

Hodgman)  ;  Concord  (G.  E.  Davenport)  ;  Natick  (Austin  Bacon)  ; 

Groton  and  Carlisle  (C.  W.  Jenks)  ;  Acton  (Walter  Deane).    May. 

RHODODENDRON,  L. 

R.  viscosum,  Torr.    (Azalea  viscosa,  L.,  Man.)    WHITE  SWAMP 
HONEYSUCKLE.    SWAMP  PINK. 
Common.    June-July. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  63 

R.  viscosum,  Torr.,  var.  glaucum,  Gray. 

Concord  (H.  S.  Richardson) ;  Tewksbury  (L.  L.  Dame)  ;  Medford 

(G.  E.  Davenport).     June-July. 
R.  nudiflorum,    Torr.     (Azalea    nudiflora,    L.,    Man.)       PINK 

AZALEA.    PINXTER-FLOWER. 

Concord,  Ashland,  Framingham,  Townsend,  et  al.      Rare  in  the 

eastern  part  of  the  county.     May-June. 
R.  Rhodora,  Don.     (Rhoclora  Candadensis,  L.,  Man.) 

Frequent.     May. 

LEDUM,  L. 

L.  latifolium,  Ait.    LABRADOR  TEA. 

Townsend  (E.  H.  Hitchings)  ;  Concord  (G.  E .  Davenport)  ;  Natick 
(Austin  Bacon)  ;  Littleton  (W.  H.  Manning).    Rare.     May-June. 

PYROLA,  Tourn. 

P.  rotundifolia,  L. 

Common.    June-July. 
*P.  rotundifolia,  L.  var  asarifolia,  Hook. 

Concord  (Thoreau)  ;  Stoneham  (Wm.  Boott).     July. 
P.  elliptica,  Nutt.    SHIN-LEAF. 

Common.    June-July. 
P.  chlorantha,  Swartz. 

Common.     June-July. 
P.  secunda,  L. 

Rather  common.    July. 

MONESES,  Salisb. 

M.  uniflora,  Gray.    ONE-FLOWERED  PYROLA. 
Stoneham  (C.  E.  Dotey)  ;  Reading  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Natick  (Austin 
Bacon)  ;  Townsend  (Miss  H.  E.  Haynes).     Scarce.     June. 

CHIMAPHILA,  Pursh. 

C.  umbellata,  Nutt.    PRINCE'S  PINE.    PIPSISSEWA. 

Common.    July. 
C.  maculata,  Pursh.    SPOTTED  WINTERGREEN. 

Generally  distributed,  but  not  common.     Seldom  more  than  a  few 

plants  in  one  locality.    July. 

MONOTROPA,  L. 

M,  uniflora,  L.    INDIAN  PIPE. 

Common.     June-July. 
M.  Hypopitys,  L.    PINE-SAP. 

Common.    June-July. 


64  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


ILICINE/E.    (AQUIFOLIACE^E,  MAN.) 

ILEX,  L. 

I.  verticillata,  Gray.    BLACK  ALDER.    WINTERBERRY. 

Common.    June. 
I-llsevigata,  Gray.    SMOOTH  WINTERBERRY. 

Arlington,  Cambridge    and    Lexington    (Wm.    Boott) ;     Concord 

(Minot  Pratt).     Scarce.     June. 

NEMOPANTHES,  Raf. 

N.  Canadensis,  DC.    MOUNTAIN  HOLLY. 
Rather  common.    May. 


PLANTAGINACE>E.    PLANTAIN  FAMILY. 

£T  PLANTAGO,  L. 

P.  MAJOR,  L.    PLANTAIN. 

Very  common.  June-Sept.  Nat.  from  Eu.  A  form  with  panicled 
inflorescence  found  in  Cambridge  by  C.  E.  Richardson  is  repre- 
sented in  the  county  herbarium.  A  form  with  very  large  thin 
leaves,  lower  side  scabrous,  found  in  Medf ord,  1866,  by  Wm.  Boott, 
is  in  the  Gray  Herb.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

P.  Rugelii,  Decne.  (P.  Kamtschatica  of  the  Man.) 
June-Sept.  Very  common,  and  usually  confounded  with  the  last 
species,  from  which  it  is  distinguished  by  commonly  thinner  leaves, 
with  often  reddish  petioles,  longer  and  more  tapering  spikes, 
narrower  oblong  sepals,  capsules  opening  below  the  middle,  and 
seeds  without  reticulation. 

P.   decipiens,   Barn.     (P.  maritima,    L.,  var.    juncoides,   Gray. 
Man.)    SEASHORE  PLANTAIN. 
Common  on  salt  marshes. 

P.  LANCEOLATA,  L.      RlBGRASS.      ENGLISH  PLANTAIN. 

Common.     June-July.     Nat.  from  Eu. 
P.  Patagonica,  Jacq.,  var.  spinulosa,  Gray. 

Somerville  (C.  E.  Perkins).    Adv.  from  farther  West. 

UA  canescent  form  with  aristately  prolonged  and  rigid  bracts." 

Syn.  Fl.  N.  A. 
P.  Patagomca,  Jacq.,  var.  aristata,  Gray. 

Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins).    Adv.  from  farther  West. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  65 


PLUMBAGINACE>£.    LEADWORT  FAMILY. 

STATICE,  Tourn. 

S.  Limonium,  L.,  var.  Caroliniana,  Gray.    SEA  LAVENDER. 
MARSH  ROSEMARY. 
Very  common  on  salt  marshes.    Aug.-Sept. 

^ 

PRIMULACE^E.    PRIMROSE  FAMILY. 

DODECATHEON,  L. 

*D.  Meadia,  L.    AMERICAN  COWSLIP.    SHOOTING  STAR. 
Concord,  introduced  from  the  West  by  Minot  Pratt.    May- June. 

TRIENTALIS,  L. 

T.  Americana,  Pursh.     STAR-FLOWER.    CHICKWEED   WINTER- 
GREEN  . 
Common.    May-June. 

LYSIMACHIA,  Tourn. 

L.  thyrsif lora,  L.    TUFTED  LOOSESTRIFE. 
Rather  common,  at  least  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  county.    June- 
July. 

L.  stricta,  Ait. 
Common.    July-Aug. 

L.  quadrifolia,  L. 
Common.    June-July. 

L.  NUMMULARIA,  L.      MONEYWORT. 

Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Stoneham  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  Townsend 
(Miss  H.  E.  Haynes).  July-Aug.  Introduced  from  Eu.,  and  spar- 
ingly naturalized. 

L.  VULGARIS,  L. 

Stoneham,  roadside  (F.  S.  Collins) ;   abundantly  naturalized  in  a 
swamp  near  Spy  Pond   (L.  H.  Bailey,  Jr.)     Specimen  in  Gray 
Herb.    Aug.    For  description,  see  Gray,  School  and  Field  Book. 
STEIRONEMA,  Raf . 

S.  ciliatum,  Raf.     (Lysimachia  ciliata,  L.,  Man.) 
Found  throughout  the  county,  but  rare  in  the  eastern  part.     July. 

S.   lanceolatum,  Gray.     (Lysimachia  lanceolata,  Walt.,  Man). 
Common.    June-July. 

*S.   lanceolatum,  Gray,  var.  hybridum,  Gray. 
Concord,  common  (Minot  Pratt).    June-July. 


66  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


S.  lanceolatum,  Gray,  var.  angustifolium,  Gray. 

Maiden  (R.  Frohock)  ;  Concord,  common  (Minot  Pratt)  ;  Newton 
(F.  S.  Collins).  June-July. 

GLAUX,  L. 

G.  maritima,  L.    SEA-MILKWORT. 

Somerville,  bank  of  the  Mystic  (F.  S.  Collins).    Scarce.    June. 

ANAGALLIS,  Tourn. 

A.  ARVENSIS,  L.    PIMPERNEL. 

Medford  (Wm.  Boott);  Maiden  (H.  A.  Young).  Rare.  June-Sept. 
Nat.  from  Eu. 

SAMOLUS,  L. 

S.  Valerandi,  L.,  var.  Americanus,  Gray.    WATER  PIMPER- 
NEL.   BROOKWEED. 

Medford  (Wm.  Boott);  Winchester  (C.  E.  Perkins).  Rare. 
June-Aug. 

HOTTONIA,  L. 

H.  inflata,  Ell.    FEATHERFOIL. 

Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  Medford  (G.  E.  Davenport) ;  Stoneham 
(L.  L.  Dame).  June-July.  Not  reported  outside  the  limits  of 
Middlesex  Fells,  save  at  Hammond's  Pond,  by  Wm.  Boott. 

LENTIBULARIACE>E.    BLADDERWORT  FAMILY. 

UTRICULARIA,  L. 

U.  inflata,  Walt.    INFLATED  BLADDERWORT. 
Rather  common.     July-Aug. 

U.  vulgaris,  L.,  var.  Americana,    Gray.    GREATER   BLAD- 
DERWORT. 
Rather  common.    July-Aug. 

U.  minor,  L.    SMALLER  BLADDERWORT. 

Tewksbury  (Wm.  Boott) ;  Spot  Pond,  Medford  (Rev.  Thomas 
Morong)  ;  Reading  (fide  specimen  in  herb,  B.  S.  N.  H.)  June-July. 

U.  intermedia,    Hayne. 

Reading,  Cambridge,  Ashland,  Townsend,  et  al.  Not  uncommon. 
July-Aug. 

U.  gibba,  L. 

Spot  Pond,  Medford  (G.  E.  Davenport) ;  Hammond's  Pond,  New- 
ton (C.  E.  Faxon) ;  Waushakum  Pond,  Ashland  (Rev.  Thos. 
Morong)  ;  Flat  Pond,  Groton  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Westford  (W.  H. 
Manning).  Widely  distributed,  but  infrequent.  July-Sept. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  67 

U.  purpurea,  Walt.    PURPLE  BLADDER  WORT. 

Generally  distributed,  but  not  common.     Aug.-Sept. 
U.  resupinata,  Greene. 

Round  Pond,  Tewksbury,  Aug.  24, 1865 ;  Silver  Lake,  Wilmington, 

Aug.  4,  1869  (Wm.  Boott).    Very  rare. 
U.  cornuta,  Michx. 

Common.    July-Aug. 

OROBANCHACE>£.    BROOM-RAPE  FAMILY. 

EPIPHEGUS,  Nutt. 

E.  Virginiana,  Bart.    BEECH-DROPS. 

Arlington,  Cambridge  and  Winchester  (Wm.  Boott);  Waltham 
List;  Framingham  (Rev.  J.  H.  Temple).  Not  common.  Aug.- 
Sept. 

APHYLLON,  Mitch. 

A.  uniflorum,  Gray.    ONE-FLOWERED  CANCER -ROOT.     BROOM- 
RAPE. 
Common.    June. 


SCROPHULARIACE/E.     FIGWORT  FAMILY. 

VERBASCUM,  L. 

V.  THAPSUS,  L.    MULLEIN. 

Common.    July-Sept.    Nat.  from  Eu. 
V.  BLATTARIA,  L.    MOTH  MULLEIN. 

Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  Concord  (Minot  Pratt) ;  Stoneham   (Mrs. 

P.D.Richards).     Scarce.    June-July.    Nat.  from  Eu. 
V.  Lychnitis,  L.    WHITE  MULLEIN. 

Westford  (W.  E.  Coburn).    June-Aug.    Adv.  from  Eu. 

LIN  ARIA,  Tourn. 

L.  Canadensis,  Dumont.    TOAD-FLAX. 

Common.  A  specimen  from  Chelmsford,  collected  by  Dr.  F.  Nick- 
erson,  has  the  regular  five-parted  flower  of  the  Peloria  state.  June- 
Sept. 

L.  VULGARIS,  Mill.    TOAD-FLAX.    BUTTER-AND-EGGS. 
Common.     July-Sept.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

L.  Cymbalaria,  Mill.    COLISEUM-IVY. 

Lowell,  "dumps"  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan);  Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins). 
Adv.  from  Eu.  For  description,  see  Wood's  Bot.  &  PL 


68  MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 

SCROPHULARIA,  Toum. 

S.  nodosa,  L.    FIGWORT. 

Chelmsford  (Dr.  O.  W.  Swan) ;  Stoneham  (C.  E.  Dotey) ;  Water- 
town  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Cambridge  (Walter  Deane)  ;  Concord  (Minot 
Pratt) .  Rare.  June-July. 

CHELONE,  Tourn. 
C.  glabra,  L.    SNAKE-HEAD. 
Common.    July-Sept. 

PENTSTEMON,  Mitch. 

P.  pubescens,  Soland. 

Framingham  (Rev.  J.  H.  Temple) ;  Townsend,  1886  (E.  H.  Hitch- 
ings).  Rare.  July- Aug. 

MIMULUS,  L. 

M.  ringens,  L-    MONKEY-FLOWER. 

Common.    July-Sept. 
M.  brevipes,  Benth. 

Wool-waste,  N.  Chelmsford  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott;  specimen  in  herb. 

of) .    Adv.  from  Cal.    For  description,  see  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  N".  A. 

GRATIOLA,  L. 
G.  Virginiana,  L. 

Mystic  Pond,  Medford  (Wm.  Boott)  ;  Somerville  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ; 
Concord  (Minot  Pratt) .    Scarce.    July-Sept. 
G.  aurea,  Muhl.    HEDGE-HYSSOP. 

Common.  The  white  variety  has  been  found  at  Winchester,  by 
W.  H.  Manning ;  both  the  white  and  light  yellow  varieties  at  West- 
ford,  by  Dr.  C.  W.  Swan.  July-Sept. 

ILYSANTHES,  Raf. 

I.  gratioloides,  Benth.    FALSE  PIMPERNEL. 
Rather  common.    July-Aug. 

VERONICA,  L. 

V.  Americana,  Schwein.    AMERICAN  BROOKLIME. 

Westford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Rare.     June- Aug. 
V.  scutellata,  L.    MARSH  SPEEDWELL. 

Rather  common.    June-Sept. 
V.  officinalis,  L.    SPEEDWELL. 

Westford  (Miss  Emily  F.  Fletcher)  ;  Arlington  (L.  L.  Dame)  ;  Na- 

tick   (Austin  Bacon) ;    Concord   (Minot    Pratt) ;    Acton   (Walter 

Deane).    Scarce.    June-July. 
V.  serpyllifolia,  L.    THYME-LEAVED  SPEEDWELL. 

Common.    May-Sept. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  69 

V.  peregrina,  L.    NECKWEED.    PURSLANE  SPEEDWELL. 

Somerville,  Cambridge,  Belmont,  Concord,  et  al.    Rather  common. 

May-June. 
V.  ARVENSIS,  L.    CORN  SPEEDWELL. 

Rather  common.    May-June.    Nat.  from  Eu. 
V.  spicata,  L. 

Roadside,  IS".  Chelmsf ord  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) .    Adv.  from  Eu.    For 

description,  see  Wood's  Bot.  &  Fl. 
V.  AGRESTIS,  L.    FIELD  SPEEDWELL. 

Reading    (C.   E.   Perkins);    Framingham   (Rev.  J.  H.  Temple). 

Rare.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

GERARDIA,  L. 

G.  purpurea,  L.,  var.  paupercula,  Gray.  PURPLE  GERARDIA. 
Common.  A  form  with  white  flowers  has  been  reported  at  Low- 
ell (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins)  ;  and  Concord  (Minot 
Pratt) .  July-Sept. 

G.  maritima,  Raf.    SEASIDE  GERARDIA. 

Common  on  salt  marshes ;  Concord,  introduced  by  Minot  Pratt. 
Aug. 

G.  tenuifolia,  Vahl.    SLENDER  GERARDIA. 
Common.    A  form  with  white  flowers  is  found  at  Maiden  (F.  S. 

-    Collins).    July-Sept. 

G.  f  lava,  L.    DOWNY  FALSE  FOXGLOVE. 
Rather  common.    July- Aug. 

G.  quercifolia,  Pursh.    SMOOTH  FALSE  FOXGLOVE. 
Generally  distributed,  but  not  very  common.    July-Aug. 

G.  pedicularia,  L. 
Common.    Aug-Sept. 

CASTILLEIA,  Mutis. 

C.  cocci nea,  Spreng.    PAINTED  CUP. 

Throughout  the  county,  but  not  common  in  the  towns  near  Boston. 
A  variety  with  yellow  bracts  in  Tewksbury  and  Dracut  (Rev. 
J.  L.  Russell,  Hovey's  Mag.,  Vol.  VII).  May-June. 

ORTHOCARPUS,  Nutt. 

O.  purpurascens,  Benth. 

Wool-waste,  N".  Chelmsf  ord  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott:  specimen  in 
herb.  of).  Adv.  from  coast  of  Cal.  For  description,  see  Gray, 
Syn.  Fl.  N.  A. 

PEDICULARIS,  Tourn. 

P.  Canadensis,  L.    LOUSEWORT.    WOOD  BETONY. 
Common.    May-June. 


70  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


MELAMPYRUM,  Tourn. 

M.  Americanum,  Michx.    COW-WHEAT. 
Common.    May-Sept. 

VERBENACE>£.    VERVAIN   FAMILY. 

VERBENA,  L. 
V.  hastata,  L.    BLUE  VERVAIN. 

Common.    A  form  with  pink  flowers  at  Winchester  (Mrs.  P.  D. 

Richards).    June-Sept. 
V.  urticaefolia,  L.    WHITE  VERVAIN. 

Common.    July-Sept. 
*  V.  officinalis,  L.    EUROPEAN  VERVAIN. 

Frarningham  (Rev.  J.  H.  Temple) .    Adv.  from  Eu. 
V.  bracteosa,  Michx. 

Lowell   (Dr.   C.  W.  Swan);    Cambridge   (C.  E.   Perkins).     Aug. 

Adv.  from  the  West. 

PHRYMA,  L. 

P.  Leptostachya,  L.    LOPSEED. 
Maiden,  Arlington,  Woburn,  et?  al.    Not  common.    June-July. 

LABIATVE.    MINT  FAMILY. 

TEUCRIUM,  L. 

T.  Canadense,  L.    GERMANDER.    WOOD  SAGE. 
Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;    Framingham   (Rev.  J.  H.  Temple) ; 
Cambridge,  Watertown,  Medford,  et  al.    Not  uncommon  near  salt 
water,  but  rare  elsewhere.    July-Aug. 

TRICHOSTEMA,  L. 

T.  dichotomum,  L.    BLUE  CURLS. 
Common.    July-Sept. 

MENTHA,  L. 

M.  VIRIDIS,  L.    SPEARMINT. 

Rather  common.    July-Aug.     Nat.  from  Eu. 
M.  PIPERITA,  L.    PEPPERMINT. 

Rather  common.    July-Sept.     Nat.  from  Eu. 
M.  sativa,  L.    WHORLED  MINT. 

Chelmsford,  roadside  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).     Adv.  from  Eu. 
M.  ARVENSIS,  L.    CORN  MINT. 

Cambridge,  (fide  specimen  in  Gray  Herb.)  ;  Wakefleld  (F.  S.  Collins)  ; 

Nat.  from  Eu. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  71 

M.  Canadensis,  L.    WILD  MINT. 

Common.    July-Sept. 

LYCOPUS,  L. 

L.  Virginicus,  L.    BUGLE-WEED. 

Rather  common.     Aug.-Sept. 
L.  sinuatus,  Ell.    (L.  Europaeus,  L.,  var.  sinuatus,  Man.) 

Common.    July-Sept. 

PYCNANTHEMUM,  Michx. 

P.  incanum,  Michx. 

Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Winchester 

(Mrs.  P.  D.  Richards)  ;  Framingham  (Rev.  J.  H.  Temple)  ;  Concord 

(Minot  Pratt) .    Not  very  common.    July-Aug. 
P.  clinopodioides,  Gray. 

Concord  (Walter  Deane;  specimen  in  herb.  of).    Aug.-Sept.     Adv. 

from  farther  south. 
P.  muticum,  Pers. 

Widely  distributed,  but  not  very  common.    Aug. 
P.  lanceolatum,  Pursh. 

Melrose  (R.  Frohock) ;   Winchester  (Mrs.  P.  D.  Richards)  ;  Con- 
cord (Minot  Pratt).    Scarce.    Aug.-Sept. 
P.  linifolium,  Pursh. 

Reading  (F.  H.  Gilson).    An  unusually  northern  station  for  this 

species.    Aug.-Sept. 

THYMUS,  L. 

*  T.  serpyllum,  L.     CREEPING  THYME. 
Maiden  (C.  E.  Perkins).    Rare.    Aug.    Adv.  from  Eu. 

SATUREIA,  L. 

8.  hortensts,  L.    SUMMER  SAVORY. 
**  Dumps,"  occasional.     Adv.  from  Eu. 

CALAMINTHA,  Moench. 

*C.  Clinopodiiim,  Benth.    BASIL. 

Framingham  (Rev.  J.  H.  Temple)  ;  Concord  (Minot  Pratt) .    July. 
Adv.  from  Eu. 

HEDEOMA,  Pers. 

H.  pulegioides,  Pers.    PENNYROYAL. 

Common.     July-Sept. 
H.  Mspida,  Pursh. 

Reading  (W.  H.  Manning).    July.    Adv.  from  the  West. 


72  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


COLLINSONIA,  L. 

C.  Canadensis,  L.    RICH-WEED.    STONE-ROOT. 
Ashby  (L.  L.  Dame);  Dracut  (Dr.  C.  W.   Swan).    Rare.    July- 
Aug. 

SAL  VIA,  L. 

8.  tilicefolia,  Vahl. 

Cambridge,  rubbish-heap,  1885  (Walter  Deane ;  specimen  in  herb, 
of).  Adv.  from  S.  America. 

"Stem  herbaceous,  erect,  smoothish  or  slightly  pubescent,  leaves 
broadly  ovate,  crenate,  truncate  or  sub-cordate  at  the  base,  softly 
wrinkled  and  pubescent,  with  scattered  hairs;  the  floral  leaves 
membranaceous,  lanceolate,  deciduous ;  racemes  simple ;  whorls 
loose,  approximate,  6-10  flowered;  calyx  tubular  with  ciliate 
nerves;  teeth  3,  ovate-lanceolate,  acute;  corolla  scarcely  exceed- 
ing the  calyx;  lobes  of  the  style  subequal,  subulate,  or  the  upper 
longer;  corolla  blue."  DC.  Prodr.  XII,  p.  299. 

MONARDA,  L. 

*M.  didyma,  L.    OSWEGO  TEA. 

Concord,  escaped  (Minot  Pratt) ;  Framingham  (Rev.  J.  H. 
Temple) .  Rare.  July.  Adv.  from  farther  West. 

M.  fistulosa,  L.    BERGAMOT. 

Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Medford  and  Winchester  (Mrs.  P.  D. 
Richards) ;  Melrose  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong) ;  Concord,  introduced 
from  111.  by  Minot  Pratt.  Rare.  July-Aug.  A  form  with  crim- 
son flowers,  approaching  var.  rubra  has  been  reported  at  Littleton, 
a  possible  hybrid. 

M.  fistulosa,  L.,  var.  mollis,  Benth. 
Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    July-Aug. 

"Corolla  from  flesh-color  to  lilac,  glandular,  and  its  upper  lip  hairy 
outside,  or  more  bearded  at  the  tip:  leaves  paler,  soft-pubescent 
beneath,  often  shorter  petioled."  Syn.  Fl.  N".  A. 

BLEPHILIA,  Raf . 
B.  ciliata,  Raf. 

Ashland  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong;  specimen  in  herb.  of).  Very  rare 
in  New  England,  common  farther  south.  June-July. 

LOPHANTHUS,  Benth. 
*L.  anisatus,  Benth. 
Concord,  introduced  from  Wisconsin  by  Minot  Pratt. 

NEPETA,  L. 

N.  CATARIA,  L.    CATNIP. 

Common.  Roadsides,  and  occasionally  scattered  over  adjacent 
pastures.  July-Aug.  JS"at.  from  Eu. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  73 

N.  GLECHOMA,  Benth.    GROUND  IVY. 
Common.    May-July.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

PHYSOSTEGIA,  Benth. 

P.  Virginiana,  Benth.    FALSE  DRAGON-HEAD. 
Stonehain  (Mrs.  A.  M.  Moody) ;  also  growing  in  a  thicket  in  the 
same  town  (L.  L.  Dame).    Probably  an  escape  from  cultivation. 
Aug.-Sept. 

BRUNELLA,  Tourn. 

B.  vulgaris,  L.    SELF-HEAL.    HEAL-ALL. 

Very  common.  A  white  variety  at  Westford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan). 
July-Septx 

SCUTELLARIA,  L. 

S.  galericulata,  L.    SKULLCAP. 

Bather  common.    July- Aug. 
S.  lateriflora,  L.    MAD-DOG  SKULLCAP. 

Rather  common.     July-Aug. 

MARRUBIUM,  L. 

M.  VULGARE,  L.      HOREHOUND. 

Occasionally  spontaneous.     June-July.     Nat.  from  Eu. 
GALEOPSIS,  L. 

G.  TETRAHIT,  L.    HEMP-NETTLE. 

Lowell  and  Tewksbury  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Natick  (Austin 
Bacon) ;  Maiden,  station  now  destroyed,  and  Woburn  (F.  S. 
Collins).  July-Aug.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

STACHYS,  L. 

S.  aspera,  Michx.     (S.  palustris,  L.,  var.  aspera  of  the  Man.) 
Concord,  Lowell  and   Bedford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Framingham 
(Miss  J.  W.  William*)  ;  Medford  (Wm.  Boott).    July-Sept. 

8.  Setonica,  Benth.  (Betonica  officinalis,  L.,  Man.)  WOOD  BETONY. 
"Found  by  C.  J.  Sprague  in  a  thicket  at  Newton,  Mass."  (Man.) 
Specimen  in  herb.  B.  S.  N.  H.  Adv.  from  Eu. 

LEONURUS,  L. 

L.  CARDIACA,  L.    MOTHERWORT. 
Common.    July-Sept.     Nat.  from  Eu. 

LAMIUM,  L. 

L.  AMPLEXICAULE,  L.      DEAD-NETTLE. 

Medford  and  Stoneham  (L.  L.  Dame) ;  Waltham  List ;  Concord 
(Minot  Pratt).  Rare.  Apr. -Sept.  Nat.  from  Eu. 


74  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


L.  ALBUM,  L.    WHITE  DEAD-NETTLE. 

Somerville  and  Cambridge  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;   et  al.     Rare.    Nat. 

from  Eu. 
L.  maculatum,  L. 

Medford,  escaped  from  cultivation.      Apr.-Sept.    Int.  from  Eu. 

For  description,  see  Wood's  Bot.  &  Fl. 

BALLOTA,  L. 

B.  nigra,  L.    BLACK  HOREHOUND. 
Cambridge,  1885  (Walter  Deane;  specimen  in  herb.  of).    July. 

BORRAGINACE^E.     BORAGE  FAMILY. 

BORRAGO,  Tourn. 

B.  officinalis,  L.    BORAGE. 

Lowell,  1848  (J.  A.  Lowell),  specimen  in  herb.  B.  S.  N.  H.  July- 
Sept.  Adv.  from  Eu.  For  description,  see  Wood's  Bot.  &  Fl. 

ECHIUM,  Tourn. 

E.  VULGARE,  L.    VIPER'S  BUGLOSS. 

Medford  (Wm.  Boott) ;  Somerville  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Cambridge 
(Walter  Deane)  ;  Ashland  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong).  June.  Nat.  from 
Eu. 

LYCOPSIS,  L. 

L.  arvensis,  L.     SMALL  BUGLOSS. 

Lowell,  wayside  (Dr.  F.  Nickerson).    Adv.  from  Eu. 

SYMPHYTUM,  Tourn. 

S.  OFFICINALE,  L.      COMFREY. 

Stoneham,  escaped  (L.  L.  Dame)  ;  Newton  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Con- 
cord (Minot  Pratt)  ;  Groton  (C.  W.  Jenks).    June-July.    Nat.  from 
Eu. 
S.  ASPERRIMUM,  Sims. 

Ashland,  escaped  and  sparingly  established  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong ; 
specimen  in  herb.  of).  Nat.  from  Eu. 

u  Stems  branching,  rough  with  stiff,  somewhat  recurved  aculeate 
prickles ;  leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  very  pointed  at  both  ends,  rough, 
the  lower  petioled,  the  upper  subsessile ;  calyx  divided  above  the 
middle  into  rough,  subulate  lobes;  corolla  campanulate,  four  times 
the  length  of  the  calyx;  lanceolate  appendages  of  the  length  of  the 
stamens,  ciliate-papillose ;  style  included;  flowers,  bluish  purple." 
DC.  Prodr. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  75 


LITHOSPERMUM,  Tourn. 

L.  ARVENSE,  L.    CORN  GROMWELL. 

Lowell,  a  garden  weed  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Somerville  and  Medford 

(C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Reading  (W.  H.  Manning).    Not  common.    June- 

Aug.     Nat.  from  Eu. 
*L.  angustifolium,  Michx.     (L.  longiflorum,  Spreng.,  Man.) 

Concord,  introduced  from  111.  by  Minot  Pratt.    May. 

MERTENSIA,  Roth. 

M.  Virginica,  DC.    VIRGINIAN  COWSLIP.    LUNGWORT. 
Concord,  introduced  from  111.  by  Minot  Pratt.    June. 

MYOSOTIS,  L. 

M.  PALUSTRIS,  With.    TRUE  FORGET-ME-NOT. 

Woburn,  abundant  in  a  brook  near  new  line  of  B.  &  L.  R.  R.,  and 
also  completely  filling  a  section  of  the  bed  of  the  old  Middlesex 
Canal:  thoroughly  established  (L.  L.  Dame).  June-Aug.  Nat. 
from  Eu. 

M.  laxa,  Lehm.     (M.  palustris,  With.,  var.  laxa,  Man.) 
Rather  common.     June-Aug. 

*M.  arvensis,  Hoffm. 

Chelrnsford  (Bigelow's  Fl.  Bost.) ;  Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins)  ;  Marl- 
boro (Mrs.  A.  M.  Staples)  ;  Groton  (C.  W.  Jenks).  Scarce.  June- 
Aug. 

M.  verna,  Nutt. 
Common.    June- July. 

AMSINCKIA,  Lehm. 

A.  intermedia,  Fisch.  &  Meyer. 

Wool-waste,  N.  Chelmsford  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott) ;  Lowell,  wool- 
waste  (Dr.  F.  Nickerson).  Adv.  from  the  Pacific  coast.  For  de- 
scription, see  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  N.  A. 

ERITRICHIUM,  Schrad. 

E.  oxycaryum,  Gray. 

Wool-waste,  N.  Chelmsford  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott).  For  description, 
see  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  N.  A. 

ECHINOSPERMUM,  Swartz. 

E.  Lappula,  Lehm.     STICKSEED. 

Westford,  woollen  mills  j  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan);  Maiden,  old  shoddy 
mill,  station  now  destroyed  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  Cambridge  (Walter 
Deane).  Rare.  July-Aug.  Adv.  from  Eu. 


76  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


E.  Virginicum,  Lehm.    (Cynoglossum  Morisoni,  DC.,  Man.)  BEG- 
GAR'S LICE. 

Westford  and  Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Arlington  (Wm.  Boott) ; 
Weston  and  Stoneham  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  Concord  (Minot  Pratt) . 
Not  common.  June-July. 

CYNOGLOSSUM,  Tourn. 

C.  OFFICINALE,  L.    HOUND'S  TONGUE. 

Lowell,  woollen  mills  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins)  ; 
Stoneham  (L.  L.  Dame) ;  Belmont  (H.  S.  Richardson) ;  Concord 
(Minot  Pratt) .  Not  common.  June-July.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

HELIOTROPIUM,  Tourn. 

S.  Europceum,  L.    HELIOTROPE. 

Cambridge,  1884  (Walter  Deane)  ;  Westford,  woollen  mill  yard  (Dr. 

F.  Nickerson). 

H.  Indicum,  L.     (Heliophytum  Indicum,  DC.,  Man.)     INDIAN  HELIO- 
TROPE. 

Cambridge,  Sept.,  1884  (Walter  Deane ;  specimen  in  herb.  of).  Adv. 

from  India. 

ASPERUGO,  L. 
A.  procumbens,  L. 

Maiden  and  Sornerville,  "  dumps  "  (F.  S.  Collins).    Adv.  fromEu., 

tending  towards  naturalization. 

4 '  Nutlets  4,  compressed,  adnate  at  the  side  to  the  narrow  style; 

fruiting   calyx   compressed;    sinuses     plane,    parallel,    sinuate." 

Koch,  Syn.  Fl.  Germ. 

HYDROPHYLLACE>E.    WATERLEAF   FAMILY. 

HYDROPHYLLUM,  L. 

*H.  Virginicum,  L.    WATERLEAF. 
Concord,  introduced  from  Vermont  by  Minot  Pratt.    June. 

PHACELIA,  Juss. 

*P.  congesta,  Hook. 

Cambridge,  "dump"  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong).  June.  Adv.  from 
Texas.  For  description,  see  Wood's  Bot.  &  Fl. 

P.  brachyloba,  Gray. 

N.  Chelmsford,  wool-waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott ;  specimen  in  herb, 
of).  June.  Adv.  from  Cal.  For  description,  see  Gray,  Syn.  Fl. 
N.  A. 

P.  Whitlavia,  Gray. 

N.  Chelmsford,  wool-waste,  abundant  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott ;  spec- 
imen in  herb.  of).  Adv.  from  Cal.  For  description,  see  Gray, 
Syn.  Fl.  N.  A. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  77 

P.  tanacetifolia,  Benth. 

N.  Chelmsford,  wool-waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott ;  specimen  in  herb. 

of).    Adv.  from  Cal.    For  description,  see  Wood's  Bot.  &  Fl. 
P.  circinata,  Jacq.  f. 

N.  Ohelmsford,  wool-waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott;  specimen  injherb. 

of).    Adv.  from  Cal.    For  description,  see  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  1ST.  A. 

POLEMONIACE^:.    PHLOX  FAMILY. 

PHLOX,  L. 
P.  paniculata^  L. 

Melrose,  occasionally  escaped  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong).  June-July, 
Native  farther  South. 

GILIA,  Ruiz.  &  Pav. 

G-.  leucocephala,  Gray. 

N.  Chelmsford,  wool-waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott ;  specimen  in  herb. 

of).    Adv.  from  Cal.    For  description,  see  Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  N.  A. 
G-.  inconspicua,  Dougl. 

N.  Chelmsford,  wool-waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott ;  specimen  in  herb. 

of).    Adv.  from  Cal.    For  description    see    Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  N.  A. 

COVOLVULACEyE.  CONVOLVULUS  FAMILY. 

IPOMCEA,  L. 

L  purpurea,  Lam.    MORNING-GLORY. 
Occasionally  found  escaped.    July-Oct.    Adv.  from  Trop.  Am. 

J.  Nil,  Roth. 
Lowell,  escaped  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    July-Oct.    Native  of  Eu. 

7.  hederacea,  Jacq. 

Lowell,  "dump"  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Adv.  from  Trop.  Am.  For 
description  see  Wood's  Bot.  &  Fl.,  under  Pharbitis  hederacea. 

/.  lacunosa,  L. 

Lowell,  "dump"  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Aug.-Sept.  Adv.  from  the 
West. 

/.  commutata,  Roem.  &  Sch. 

Lowell,  "dump"  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  July-Sept.  Adv.  from  far- 
ther South.  For  description,  see  Wood's  Bot.  &.  Fl. 

CONVOLVULUS,  L. 

C.  ARVENSIS,  L.    BINDWEED. 

Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  Medford  (G.  E.  Davenport) ;  Marlboro 
(Mrs.  A.  M.  Staples);  Concord  (Minot  Pratt).  Not  uncommon. 
June-July.  Nat.  from  Eu. 


78  MIDDLESEX   FLOKA. 

C.  sepium,  L.  (Calystegia  sepium,  K.  Br.,  Man.)    HEDGE  BIND- 
WEED. 

Not  uncommon.    Flore  pleno,  escaped,  in  fields;  Westford,  Bed- 
ford and  Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    June- Aug. 

CUSCUTA,  Tourn. 

C.  arvensis,  Beyrich. 

Winter  Pond,  Winchester  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Rare.     An  extreme 
northern  locality;  host  plant,  Crotalaria  sagittalis.    June-July. 

C.  Gronovii,  Willd.    DODDER. 
Common.    Aug.-Sept. 

SOLANACE/E.    NIGHTSHADE  FAMILY. 

LYCOPERSICUM,  Tourn. 

L.  esculentum,  Mill.    TOMATO. 
Waste  places.    June-Sept. 

SOLANUM,  Tourn. 

S.  tuberosum,  L.    POTATO. 

Waste  places.    July- Aug.    Native  of  S.  Am. 
S.  DULCAMARA,  L.    BITTERSWEET.    WOODY  NIGHTSHADE. 

Common.    June-Aug.    Nat.  from  Eu. 
S.  nigrum,  L.    NIGHTSHADE. 

Lowell  and  Chelrnsford    (Dr.   C.    W.    Swan) ;    Medford    (C.    E. 

Perkins) ;    Framingham   (Rev.  J.   H.   Temple) ;    Concord  (Minot 

Pratt).    Rare.    July-Sept.    According  to  Gray,  Syn.  PI.  N.  A.,  a 

cosmopolite,  "  common  in  damp  or  shady,  especially  cultivated  or 

waste  grounds,  appearing  as  if  introduced." 
S.  Carolinense,  L.    HORSE-NETTLE. 

Watertown  and  Reading  (C.  E.  Perkins).    Rare.    June-Aug. 
8.  sisymbriifolium,  Lam. 

Cambridge,  rubbish  heap,  1884  and  1885  (Walter  Deane ;  specimen 

in  herb.  of).     Adv.  from  S.  Am. 

"Stem  somewhat  herbaceous,  hairy,  viscid,  prickly;  leaves  viscid, 

hairy,  prickly  on  both  sides,  pinnatifid,  lobes  acute,  sinuate-dentate, 

racemes  terminal  and   lateral,   calyx  5-angled,  inflated,   prickly, 

covering  the  berry."    DC.  Prodr.,  XIII,  1,  326. 
S.  rostratum,  Dun. 

Lowell,  rather  common  (Dr.  F.  Nickerson)  ;  Watertown  and  Somer- 

ville  (C.E.Perkins);  Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins).    Aug.-Sept.    Adv. 

from  the  West.    For  description,  see  Wood's  Bot.  and  Fl. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  79 

PHYSALIS,  L. 

P.  PMladelpMca,  Lam. 

Cambridge,  rubbish  heap,  1884  (Walter  Deane ;  specimen  in  herb, 
of) .  Adv.  from  farther  south. 

P.  pubescens,  L. 

Lowell,  "dump"  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Bedford  (Miss  A.  Browne). 
Rare.  Possibly  introduced. 

P.  Virginiana,  Mill.     (P.  viscosa,  L.,  Man.) 

Cambridge,  rubbish  heap  (Walter  Deane)  ;  Lowell,  near  mills  (Dr. 
C.  W.  Swan).  Rare.  July-Sept. 

P.  capsicifolia,  Dun. 

Cambridge,  1884  (Walter  Deane;  specimen  in  herb.  of).  Sept. 
Adv.  from  S.  Am.  &  Asia. 

"Stem  rather  stout  at  the  base,  greenish  purple,  smooth,  three- 
sided;  branches  obliquely  ascending,  the  upper  quadrangular; 
leaves  long-perioled,  oblong,  subentire,  pointed  at  each  end, 
unequal  at  the  base,  thin,  smooth ;  peduncles  filiform,  smoothish, 
erect  during  flowering,  afterward  pendulous ;  calyx  salver-shaped, 
smooth,  5  parted,  lobes  deltoid,  acuminate ;  corolla  sinuately  5- 
angled,  angles  acute;  anthers  oblong,  bluish;  fruiting  calyx 
roundish,  5-angled,  when  ripe  greenish-yellow,  with  purple  lines 
and  streaks."  DC.  Prodr.  XIII.  I.  449. 

NICANDRA,  Adans. 

N.  PHYSALOIDES,  Gaertn.    APPLE  OF  PERU. 
Not  very  common.    July-Aug.    Nat.  from  Peru. 

PETUNIA,  Juss. 
P.  nyctaginiflora,  Juss. 

Maiden,  waste  heap,  and  elsewhere.  July-Oct.  Adv.  from  S.  Am. 
For  description,  see  Wood's  Bot.  &  Fl. 

LYCIUM,  L. 

L.  VULGARE,  Dun.    MATRIMONY  VINE. 
Escaped  sparingly.    June-Aug.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

HYOSCYAMUS,  Tourn. 

H.  NIGER,  L.    BLACK  HENBANE. 

Somerville  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  has  perpetuated  itself  for  many  years 
along  the  Andover  Turnpike.  June-July.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

DATURA,  L. 

D.  STRAMONIUM,  L.    THORN-APPLE. 
Not  very  common.    July-Sept.    Nat.  from  Asia. 


80  MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 

D.  TATULA,  L.    PURPLE  THORN-APPLE. 

More  common  than  the  preceding.    July-Sept.    Nat.  from  Trop. 

Am. 
D.  inermis,  Jacq. 

Cambridge,  rubbish  heap,  1884  &  1885  (Walter  Deane).    July-Sept. 

Adv.  from  Africa. 

"  Stem  branching,  hollow,  terete,  smooth ;    leaves  long  petioled, 

smooth  on  both  sides,  acute,  incised  into  acute  lobes ;  flowers  on 

short,  winged  petioles ;  calyx  5-angled,  smooth ;   corolla  twice  the 

length  of  the  calyx,  with  roundish,  cuspidate  lobes ;  cap?ule  ovate, 

obtuse,  smooth,  unarmed,  always  erect,  four  valved."    DC.  Prodr. 

XIII.     I.    539. 
D.  meteloides,  DC. 

Cambridge,  rubbish  heap  (Walter  Deane;   specimen  in  herb.  of). 

July-Sept.    Adv.  from  Mexico.     For  description,  see  Wood's  Bot. 

&F1. 

NlCOTIANA,    L. 

N.  Bigelomi,  Wats. 

Lowell,  waste  ground  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  N.  Chelmsford,  wool- 
waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott).  Adv.  from  Cal.  For  description,  see 
Gray,  Syn.  Fl.  N.  A. 


GENTIANACE>£.    GENTIAN  FAMILY. 

S  ABB  ATI  A,  Adans. 

*S.  chloroides,  Pursh. 

Concord,  introduced  from  Weymouth,  Mass.,  by  Minot  Pratt. ^A 
form  with  white  flowers  was  introduced  with  the  type.    July-Sept. 

GENTIANA,"L. 

G.  crinita,  Froel.    FRINGED' GENTIAN. 

Not  uncommon  save  in  the  vicinity  of  U cities,  where  it  is  becoming 

rare.    A  form  with  pink  flowers  at  So.  Sudbury  (Geo.  H.  Whitney)  ; 

a  form  with  white  flowers  occasional.    Sept. 
G.  Andrewsii,  Griseb.    CLOSED  GENTIAN. 

In  most  parts  of  the  county,  but  less  common  than  the  preceding 

species.    Aug.-Sept. 

[BARTONIA,  Muhl. 

B.  tenella,  Muhl. 
In  most  parts  of  the  county,  but  not  very  common.    Aug.-Sept. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  81 

MENYANTHES,  Tourn. 

M.  trifoliata,  L.    BUCKBEAN. 

Not  uncommon.    May. 

LlMNANTHEMUM,  Gmel. 

L.  lacunosum,  Griseb.    FLOATING  HEART. 
Throughout  the  county,  but  nowhere  very  common.    July-Aug. 

APOCYNACE>£.    DOGBANE  FAMILY. 

APOCYNUM,  Tourn. 

A.  androsaemifolium,  L.    DOGBANE. 

Common.    June-July. 
A.  cannabinum,  L.    INDIAN  HEMP. 

Everett,  Woburn,  Townsend,  et  al. ;  not  common.    June-July. 

ASCLEPIADACE^E.    MILKWEED  FAMILY. 

ASCLEPIAS,  L. 

A.  Cornuti,  Decne.    MILKWEED. 

Very  common.     July-Aug. 
A.  phytolaccoides,  Pursh.    POKE  MILKWEED. 

Generally  distributed,  but  not  common.    June-July. 
A.  purpurascens,  L.    PURPLE  MILKWEED. 

Not  very  common.    July-Aug. 
A.  quadrifolia,  L.    FOUR-LEAVED  MILKWEED. 

Not  very  common.     June. 
A.  incarnata,  L.,  var.  pulchra,  Gray. 

Common.    July-Aug.    The  type,  though  often  reported,  does   not 

appear  to  be  within  the  county  limits. 
A.  obtusifolia,  Michx. 

Not  common.    A  form  with  the  leaves  in  whorls  of  three  was  found 

at  Concord  by  W.  H.  Manning.     July-Aug. 
A.  obtusifolia  X  phytolaccoides,  (fide  Asa  Gray). 

Several  plants  were  found  along  the  banks  of  the  old  Middlesex 

Canal  in  Wilmington,  July,  1885. 
A.  tuberosa,  L.    BUTTERFLY- WEED. 

This  plant,  frequently  mentioned  by  the  older  botanists,  has  become 

rare,  at  least  in  the  vicinity  of  Boston.     July-Aug. 
A.  verticillata,  L.    WHORLED  MILKWEED. 

Maiden,  Woburn,  Framingham,  Natick,  et  al.    Not  common.    July- 
-  Sept. 


82  MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


VINCETOXICUM,  Moench. 
V.  NIGRUM,  Moench. 

Watertown   (C.  E.  Perkins);  Cambridge   (Man.);  Medford  and 
Ashland  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong).    June.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

PERIPLOCA,  L. 
*P.  Grceca,  L. 
Concord,  introduced  by  Minot  Pratt.    Aug.    A  native  of  Eu. 

OLEACE^E.    OLIVE  FAMILY. 

LIGUSTRUM,  Tourn. 
L.  VULGARE,  L.    PRIVET. 
Common.    June.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

FRAXINUS,  Tourn. 

F.  Americana,  L.    WHITE  ASH. 

Common.     Apr. -May. 
F.  pubescens,  Lam.    RED  ASH. 

Occasional  throughout  the  county.     Apr-May. 
F.  sambucifolia,  Lam.    BLACK  or  WATER  ASH. 

Medford,  Weston,  Framingham  and  Ashby  (L.  L.  Dame)  ;  Concord 

(Walter  Deane)  ;  Tewksbury  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) .    Not  very  common. 

Apr.-May. 

SYRINGA,  L. 
S.  VULGARIS,  L.    LILAC. 

Along  roadsides,  near  old  houses.     Often  well  established,  of  lower 

growth  and  smaller  leaves  than  the  cultivated  plant.    May-June. 

A  native  of  Eu.    For  description,  see  Wood's  Bot.  and  Fl. 

ARISTOLOCHIACE/E.    BIRTHWORT  FAMILY. 

As  ARUM,  Tourn. 

A.  CANADENSE,  L.    WILD  GINGER. 

Westford,  locally  established  (Miss  E.  F.  Fletcher) ;  the  Concord 
plant  was  introduced  from  Vt.  by  Minot  Pratt.    May-June. 

NYCTAGINACE^E.    FOUR-O'CLOCK  FAMILY. 

OXTBAPHUS,  Vahl. 

O.  nyctagineus,  Sweet. 
Cambridge  (C.  E.  Perkins).    June-Aug.     Adv.  from  the  West. 


MIDDLESEX    FLOE  A.  83 


PHYTOLACCACE^E.    POKEWEED  FAMILY. 

PHYTOLACCA,  Tourn. 

P.  decandra,  L.    POKE.    GARGET. 
Common.    July-Sept. 

CHENOPODIACE>£.    GOOSEFOOT  FAMILY. 

CHENOPODIUM,  L. 

*  C.  polyspermum,  L. 
Franringham  (Rev.  J.  H.  Temple) .    July-Sept.    Adv.  from  Eu. 

C.  ALBUM,  L.    PIGWEED. 
Very  common.    July-Sept.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

C.  URBICUM,  L. 

Somerville  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Medford 
(F.S.Collins).  July-Sept.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

C.  URBICUM,  L.,  var.  RHOMBIFOLIUM,  Moq. 

Newton  (C.  J.  Sprague) ;  specimen  in  herb.  B.  S.  N.  H.  July- 
Sept.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

C.  MURALE,  L. 

Tewksbury  (B.  D.  Greene),  specimen  in  herb.  B.  S.  N.  H. ;  Framing- 
ham  (Rev.  J.  H.  Temple).  Not  common.  July-Sept.  Nat.  from 
Eu. 

C.  HYBRIDUM,  L.    MAPLE-LEAVED  GOOSEFOOT. 
Common.    July-Sept.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

C.  BOTRYS,  L.    JERUSALEM  OAK. 

Lowell,  Cambridge,  Somerville,  et  al.  Introduced  from  Eu.,  and 
apparently  naturalized  near  Boston,  where  it  has  been  not  uncom- 
mon since  Bigelow's  Fl.  Bost.  July-Sept. 

C.  AMBROSIOIDES,  L.      MEXICAN  TEA. 

Somerville    (C.    E.    Perkins);    Cambridge    and   Medford   (F.   S. 

Collins).    July-Sept.     Int.  from  Tr op.  Am. 
C.  AMBROSIOIDES,  L.,  var.  ANTHELMINTICUM,  Gray. 

Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Cambridge  and  Medford  (F.  S.  Collins). 

July-Sept.    Int.  from  Trop.  Am.    Both  type  and  var.  apparently 

naturalized;  have  been  common  for  several  years  near  Boston. 
C.  fcetidum,  L. 

Chelmsford,  wool-waste  (Dr.  C.  W.   Swan).     Aug.     Adv.   from 

Trop.  Am. 

"Stems  herbaceous,  erect,  sulcate-striate,  mostly  simple;    leaves 

petioled,  subpatulous,  oblong,  sinuate-pinnatifld  with  obtuse  lobes, 

thin,  smoothish,  glaucous  green  on  both  sides;  racemes  divari- 


84  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


cately-subdichotomous,  loose,  leafless;  fruiting  calyx  not  closed, 
dentate-carinate,  larger  than  the  obtusish,  channeled,  smooth  and 
somewhat  shining  seed."  DC.  Prodr.  XIII,  2,  76. 

C.  GLAUCUM,  L.    OAK-LEAVED  GOOSEFOOT. 

Lowell,  Soraerville,  Cambridge,  et  al. ;  abundant  in  waste  places. 
June-Aug.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

C.  rubrum.     (Blitum  maritimum,  Nutt.,  Man.)    COAST  BLITE. 
Salt  marshes,  not  uncommon.    July-Aug. 

C.  capitatum,  Wats.     (Blitum  capitatum,  L.,  Man.)      STRAWBERRY 
BLITE. 
Lowell,  near  woollen  mills  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    June.    Adv.  from 

farther  West. 

C.  virgatum,  Wats. 

Cambridge,  two  plants,  1885  (Walter  Deane ;  specimen  in  herb.  of). 
Adv.  from  Eu. 

"Leaves  oblong-triangular,  somewhat  hastate,  deeply  dentate, 
glomerules  all  axillary ;  fruiting  calyx  berry-like ;  seeds  with  ob- 
tuse or  sometimes  channeled  margin."  Koch,  Syn.  Fl.  Germ. 

ATRIPLEX,  Tourn. 

A.  patula,  L.,  var.  hastata,  Gray. 
Salt  marshes,  common.    July-Sept. 

A.  patula,  L.,  var.  littoralis,  Gray. 
Salt  marshes,  less  common  than  the  preceding.    July-Sept. 

A.  arenaria,  Nutt. 
Cambridge  (C.  E.  Perkins).    Aug.-Sept. 

A.  bracteosa,  Wats. 

N.  Chelmsford,  wool-waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott).  Adv.  from  Cal. 
"  Rather  stout,  suberect  with  spreading,  flexuous  branches,  2  or  3 
feet  high,  mealy;  leaves  thin,  sessile,  lanceolate,  very  acute  or 
acuminate,  ^  to  1  inch  long,  acutely  sinuate-dentate  or  the  upper- 
most entire ;  staminate  flowers  in  dense  clusters  in  a  naked  termi- 
nal simple  or  compound  spike ;  calyx  deeply  5-clef t ;  fruiting  bracts 
in  small  axillary  clusters,  cuneate-orbicular,  1  to  1%  lines  broad, 
the  upper  rounded  margin  irregularly  gash-toothed ;  the  sides  often 
somewhat  muricate ;  seed  less  than  half  a  line  broad."  Bot.  Cal. 

SALICORNIA,  Tourn. 

S.  herbacea,  L.    SAMPHIRE. 

Salt  marshes,  very  common.    Aug.-Oct. 
S.  mucronata,  Bigel.    (S.  Virginica,  L.,  Man.) 

Salt  marshes,  rather  common.     Sept.-Oct. 


MIDDLESEX    FLOKA.  85 

SU^EDA,  Forsk. 

S.  linearis,  Torr.,  var.  ramosa,  Wats.     (S.  maritima,  Dumort., 
Man.) 
Salt  marshes,  very  common.     Aug. 

SALSOLA,  L. 

S.  Kali,  L.    SALTWORT. 
Not  uncommon  in  sandy  soil  near  tide-water.    Aug. 

AMARANTACE/E.    AMARANTH   FAMILY. 

AMARANTHS,  Tourn. 

A.  paniculatus,  L. 

Wakefield,  Woburn  and  Cambridge  (F.  S.  Collins).  July-Sept. 
Adv.  from  Trop.  Am. 

A.  RETROFLEXUS,  L.      PIGWEED. 

Very  common.    July-Sept.    Nat.  from  the  South  and  West. 

A.  CHLOROSTACHYS,  Willd.     (A.  retroflexus,  L.,  var.  chlorostachys, 
Man.) 
Not  uncommon.    July-Sept.    Nat.  from  the  South  and  West. 

A.  ALBUS,  L. 
Common.    July-Sept.     Nat.  from  the  South  and  West. 

A.  BLITUM,  L. 

Maiden,  Medford  and  Concord  (F.  S.  Collins).  Probably  not  un- 
common, but  generally  confounded  with  the  preceding  species. 
July-Sept.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

"  Flowers  3-parted,  the  axillary  clusters  roundish,  the  terminal  dis- 
posed in  naked  spikes;  stems  diffuse,  ascending,  smooth;  leaves 
ovate,  subrhomboidal,  very  obtuse,  retuse ;  bracts  shorter  than  the 
flowers;  capsule  roundish  ovate."  Koch,  Syn.  Fl.  Germ. 

A.  grcecizans,  L. 

Lowell,  "dump"  (Dr.   C.  W.  Swan).    Aug.    Adv.  from   S.  Am. 
"Like  A.  Blitum,  but  more  slender,  with  lanceolate,  obtuse  leaves." 
DC.  Prodr.  XIII.     2.     263. 
A.  SPINOSUS,  L.    THORNY  AMARANTH. 

Lowell,  waste-grounds  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Maiden,  introduced  in 
cotton-waste  (F.  S.  Collins).  Aug.-Sept.  Nat.  from  Trop.  Am. 

A.  Palmeri,  Wats. 

Maiden,  abundant  in  cotton-waste,  1886;    appearing  more  spar- 
ingly in  1887  (F.  S.  Collins).     Sept.    Adv.  from  the  Southwest. 
"Dioecious,  rather  stout,  erect,  2  or  3  feet  high,  branching,  some- 
what pubescent  above  or  glabrate ;    leaves  oblong-rhomboid,  an 
inch  or  two  long  and  about  equalling  the  petiole,  the  upper  linear 


86  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 

lanceolate ;  flowers  in  close  elongated  linear  spikes  leafy  at  the 
base;  bracts  solitary,  mostly  twice  longer  than  the  flowers, 
spreading,  subulate  and  rigid,  narrowed  into  a  short  awn;  sepals 
of  fertile  flowers  1  to  1^  lines  long,  oblong  and  somewhat  broader 
above,  obtuse  or  retuse,  two  or  three  usually  slightly  larger  and 
more  acute  or  setaceously  apiculate,  distinct  or  nearly  so ;  stigmas 
usually  2;  seed  circular,  half  a  line  broad."  Bot.  Cal. 

ACNIDA,  L. 
A.  cannabina,  L. 

Salt  marshes.    Aug. -Sept. 
A.  rhyssocarpa,  Moq. 

Salt  marshes.  Appears  to  be  the  more  common  species.  Aug.- 
Sept. 

"  Fertile  inflorescence  very  naked ;  the  bracts  not  half  the  length 
of  the  fleshy  utricle,  the  angles  of  which  are  not  rarely  rugose- 
tuberculated ;  stigmas  comparatively  short  and  slender-subulate 
(in  A.  cannabina  very  long  and  filiform,  almost  plumosely  hairy)" 
A.  Gray,  in  Am.  Nat. 

POLYGONACE^E.     BUCKWHEAT  FAMILY. 

POLYGONUM,   L. 

P.  Bistorta,  L. 

Maiden,  a  weed  in  and  about  gardens  (Mrs.  N.  M.  Hunne well). 
May-June.  Adv.  from  Eu. 

<;  Stems  usually  a  foot  or  two  high ;  leaves  few,  the  radical  ones 
on  long  petioles,  oblong-lanceolate  to  linear,  acute  at  each  end,  2  to 
8  inches  long,  the  cauline  much  reduced,  mostly  obtuse  at  base  and 
sessile  upon  the  sheath;  the  margin  often  slightly  revolute; 
sheaths  elongated;  flowers  1£  to  2£  lines  long,  rose-colored  to 
white,  on  slender  pedicels,  in  very  dense  ovate  to  oblong  spikes  £ 
to  1£  inches  long  and  usually  long-pedunculate ;  bracts  ovate,  acu- 
minate; stamens  and  styles  exserted;  akene  Ik  lines  long,  smooth 
and  shining."  Bot.  Cal. 

P.  ORIENTALS,   L.     PRINCE'S   FEATHER. 

Sparingly  spontaneous.    July-Aug.    Nat.  from  India. 
P.  Carey i,  Olney. 

Lowell,  Bedford,  Maiden,  et  al.    Not  very  common.    July-Sept. 
P.  Pennsylvanicum,  L. 

Common.    July-Sept. 
P.  incarnatum,  Ell. 

Lowell,  Maiden,  Waltham,  et  al.    Not  very  common.    July-Sept 
P.  PERSICARIA,  L.    LADY'S  THUMB. 

Very  common.    July-Sept.    Nat.  from  Eu. 


MIDDLESEX   FLOKA.  87 

P.  Hydropiper,  L.    SMARTWEED.    WATER-PEPPER. 
Common.    July-Sept. 

P.  acre,    HBK.    WATER  SMARTWEED. 

Medford  (G-.  E.  Davenport)  ;  Weston  (F.  S.  Collins)  ;  Framingham 
(Rev.  J.  H.  Temple) ;  Concord  (Minot  Pratt)  ;  Dunstable  (Dr.  C. 
W.  Swan).  Not  very  common.  July-Sept. 

P.  hydropiperoides,  Michx.    MILD  WATER-PEPPER. 
Rather  common.     July-Sept. 

P.  Mulhenbergii,    Wats.      (P.    amphibium,    L.,  var.    terrestre, 
Willd.,  Man.) 
Rather  common.     Aug.-Sept. 

P.  Hartwrightii,  Gray. 

Chelmsford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Fresh  Pond,  Cambridge  (Dr.  W.  G-. 
Farlow).  Not  common.  Aug-Sept. 

"  Perennial,  closely  allied  to  the  two  preceding  species,  (P.  am- 
phibium and  P.  Muhlenbergii)  growing  usually  in  mud,  the  as- 
cending stems  rooting  at  base  and  very  leafy ;  differing  from  the 
form  of  P.  (amphibium?)  growing  in  like  localities,  by  being  more 
or  less  rough-hairy,  at  least  on  the  sheaths  and  bracts,  the  former 
ciliate  and  often  with  abruptly  spreading  foliaceous  borders; 
leaves  rather  narrow,  2  to  7  inches  long,  on  very  short  petioles, 
adnate  to  the  middle  of  the  sheath."  Bot.  Cal. 

P.  articulatum,  L.    JOINTWEED. 
Common.    Aug.-Sept. 

P.  aviculare,  L.    KNOTGRASS. 
Very  common.    July-Sept. 

P.  erectum,  L.     (P.  aviculare,  L.,  var.  erectum,  Roth,  Man.) 
Not  uncommon.     July-Sept. 

P.  ramosissimum,  Michx. 

Watertown  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Medford  (C.  E.  Faxon)  ;  So.  Natick 
(F.  S.  Collins).  Scarce,  except  along  salt  marshes.  July-Sept. 

P,  tenue,  Michx. 
Frequent.     Aug.-Sept. 

P.  arifolium,  L.    HALBERD-LEAVED  TEAR- THUMB. 
Not  reported  from  the  northern  and  northwestern  towns,  but  rather 
common  elsewhere  in  the  county.     Aug.-Sept. 

P.  sagittatum,  L.    ARROW-LEAVED  TEAR-THUMB. 
Common.    Aug.-Sept. 

P.  CONVOLVULUS,  L.    BLACK  BINDWEED. 
Common.    Aug.-Sept.     Nat.  from  Eu. 

P.  cilinode,  Michx. 

Ashby  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Waltham  List;  Newton  (C.  J.  Sprague). 
Scarce. 


88  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


P.   dumetorum,  L.,  var.   scandens,  Gray.    Climbing  False 
Buckwheat. 
Common.     Aug.-Sept. 

FAGOPYRUM,  Tourn. 

F.  ESCULENTUM,  Moench.     BUCKWHEAT. 

Common.    June-Aug.     Nat.  from  Eu. 
F.  Tataricum,  Gaertn.    INDIA  WHEAT. 

Soraerville  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;   Cambridge  (fide  specimen   in  herb. 

B.  S.  N.  H.)     July-Aug.     Adv.  from  Asia.    For  description,  see 

Wood's  Bot.  &  Fl. 

RUMEX,  L. 

R.  PATIENTIA,  L.    PATIENCE  DOCK. 

Weston  and  Wakefield  (F.  S.  Collins).    July-Aug.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

R.  Brittanica,  L.  (R.  orbiculatus,  Gray,  Man.)  GREAT  WATER- 
DOCK. 

Somerville,  Maiden,   Concord,  Lowell,  et  al.       Not  uncommon. 
Aug.-Sept. 

R.  verticillatus,  L.    SWAMP  DOCK. 

Tewksbury  (B.  D.  Greene,  specimen  in  herb.  B.  S.  N.  H.)  ;  Somer- 
ville and  Belmont  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Waltham  List.    June-July. 

R.  CRISPUS,  L.    CURLED  DOCK.    YELLOW  DOCK. 
Very  common.    June-July.     Nat.  from  Eu. 

R.  OBTUSIFOLIUS,  L.      BITTER  DOCK. 

Common.    June-Aug.     Nat.  from  Eu. 

R.  CRISPUS,  L.  X  OBTUSIFOLIUS,  L. 

Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins)  ;  Medf  ord  (L.  L.  Dame) .    June-Aug. 
R.  ACETOSELLA,  L.    SORREL. 

Very  common.    May-June.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

CHORIZANTHE,  R.  Br. 

**  Involucre  1-3  flowered,  sessile,  tubular,  coriaceous  or  chartaceous, 
more  or  less  reticulated  or  corrugated,  3-6  angled  or — costate  and 
3-6  toothed  or — cleft,  the  teeth  cuspidate  or  rigidly  awned.  Flowers 
pedicellate  or  nearly  sessile,  included  in  the  involucre  or  rarely 
exserted,  6  parted  Or  cleft.  Stamens  9,  rarely  3  or  6.  Bractlets 
minute  or  usually  obsolete.  Ovary  glabrous  and  akene  triangular. 
Low,  dichotomously  branched  annuals,  with  usually  rosulate,  radical 
leaves,  and  ternate  bracts."  Bot.  Cal. 

<7.  pungens,  Benth. 

N.  Chelmsford,  wool-waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott;  specimen  in  herb, 
of).    Adv.  from  Cal. 

"  Usually  slender  and  more  or  .less  decumbent   or  at  first  erect, 
villous-pubescent ;  stems  often  a  foot  long  or  more,  leafy ;  leaves 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  89 

spatulate  or  oblanceolate,  about  an  inch  long,  mostly  opposite; 
bracts  similar,  narrower,  awned  at  the  apex;  heads  small;  invol- 
ucres \%  to  2  lines  long,  unequally  toothed  (the  alternate  teeth 
smaller),  usually  margined ;  teeth  strongly  uncinate ;  flowers  very 
shortly  pedicelled,  narrowed  at  base,  1)£  lines  long,  glabrous  or 
often  villous  on  the  nerves,  shortly  cleft ;  segments  equal,  oblong, 
entire ;  filaments  more  or  less  adnate  to  the  lower  part  of  the  tube. 
Bot.  Cal. 

LAURACE>£.    LAUREL  FAMILY. 

SASSAFRAS,  Nees. 

S.  officinale,  Nees. 
Common.     Apr. 

LINDERA,  Thunb. 

L.  Benzoin,  Meisn.    SPICE-BUSH.    BENJAMIN  BUSH. 
Common.    Apr. 

THYMELEACEyE.    MEZEREUM  FAMILY. 

DlRCA,  L. 

D.  palustris,  L.    LEATHERWOOD.    MOOSEWOOD.    WICOPY. 
Townsend,  rare   (Miss  H.  E.  Haynes).    Concord,  introduced  from 
Vt.  by  Minot  Pratt.    Apr. 

DAPHNE,  L. 

D.  MEZEREUM,  L.    DAPHNE. 

Medford,  persistent  in  two  localities  for  many  years,  without  much 
tendency  to  spread.  Apr.  Nat.  from  Eu.  For  description  see 
Wood's  Bot.  &  Fl. 

SANTALACE^E.    SANDALWOOD  FAMILY. 

COMANDRA,  Nutt. 

C.  umbellata,  Nutt.    BASTARD  TOAD-FLAX. 
Common.    May-June. 

CERATOPHYLLACE>E.    HORNWORT  FAMILY. 

CERATOPHYLLUM,  L. 

C.  demersum,  L.    HORNWORT. 

Cambridge  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong) ;  Newton  (F.  S.  Collins). 


90  MIDDLESEX   FLOE  A. 


C.  demersum,  L.,  var.  echinatum,  Gray. 
Cambridge,  specimen  in  herb.  B.  S.  N.  H. 

CALLITRICHACE^E.    WATEK-STAKWOKT  FAMILY, 

CALLITRICHE,  L. 

G.  verna,  L.    WATER  STARWORT. 

Common.    May-July. 
C.  heterophylla,  Pursh. 

Ashland   (Rev.   Thos.   Mororig) ;  Maiden    (H.   A.  Young) ;    Spot 

Pond  (Wm.  Boott).     May-July. 

PODOSTEMACE^E.    RIVER-WEED  FAMILY. 

PODOSTEMON,  Michx. 

P.  ceratophyllus,  Michx.    RIVER-WEED. 
In  the  Charles  River,  So.  Natick  (Edwin  Faxon).    July-Sept. 

EUPHORBIACE^E.    SPURGE  FAMILY. 

EUPHORBIA,  L. 

E.  maculata,  L. 

Very  common.    July-Sept. 
E.  hypericifolia,  L. 

Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Concord  (Minot  Pratt)-;  Framinghain 

(Rev.  J.  H.  Temple).     Rare.    July-Sept. 
E.  corollata,  L.    FLOWERING  SPURGE. 

Lowell,  " dump "  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    July-Sept.     Adv.  from  the 

West. 
E.  Esula,  L. 

Somerville  (C.  E.  Perkins);  Waltham  List.    Rare.    June.     AdV. 

from  Eu. 
E.  CYPARISSIAS,  L.    CYPRESS  SPURGE. 

Common.    May-June.     Nat.  from  Eu. 

ACALYPHA,  L. 

A.  Virginica,  L.    THREE-SEEDED  MERCURY. 
Common.    July-Sept. 


MIDDLESEX   FLOKA.  91 


URTICACE>E.    NETTLE  FAMILY. 

ULMUS,  L. 

U.  fulva,  Michx.    SLIPPERY  ELM.    RED  ELM. 

Concord  (Walter  Deane) .    Rare.    Apr. 
U.  Americana,  L.    AMERICAN  ELM.    WHITE  ELM. 

Common.    Apr. 

CELTIS,  Tourn. 

C.  occidentalis,  L,  including  var.  crassifolia.    SUGARBERRY. 
HACKBERRY. 
Lowell,  Emerson's  Trees  and  Shrubs  of  Mass.    Apr.-May. 

MORUS,  Tourn. 

M.  rubra,  L.    RED  MULBERRY. 

Sparingly  spontaneous.    May. 
M.  ALBA,  L.    WHITE  MULBERRY. 

Occasional;  1ST.  Billerica,  along  the  old  Middlesex  Canal,  among 

wild  shrubs,  itself  shrubby  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;    Concord,  several 

trees  (Minot  Pratt).    May.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

URTICA,  Tourn. 

U.  gracilis,  Ait.    NETTLE. 

Common.    July- Aug. 
URTICA  DIOICA,  L. 

Fence-row,  Watertown  (Walter  Deane.)  Nat.  from  Eu. 

U.   URENS,  L. 

Maiden  (H.  A.  Young) ;    Concord  (Minot  Pratt).    Scarce.    July- 
Aug.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

LAPORTEA,  Gaudich. 

L.  Canadensis,  Gaudich.    WOOD  NETTLE. 
Natick  (Austin  Bacon) ;  Townsend  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Belmont 
(L.  L.  Dame).    July- Aug. 

PILEA,  Lindl. 

P.  pumila,  Gray.    RICH  WEED.    CLEARWEED. 
Rather  common.    July-Sept. 

BCEHMERIA,  Jacq. 

B.  cylindrica,  Willd.    FALSE  NETTLE. 
Common.    July-Aug. 


92  MIDDLESEX   FLOKA. 


PARIETARIA,  Tourn. 

*P.  Pennsylvanica,  Muhl.    PELLITORY. 

Concord  (Minot  Pratt).  This  plant  is  out  of  its  usual  range,  and 
may  possibly  have  been  introduced  by  accident  with  other  plants. 
June- Aug. 

CANNABIS,  Tourn. 

C.  SATIVA,  L.    HEMP. 
Rather  common.    July- Aug.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

HUMULUS,  L. 
H.  LUPULUS,  L.    HOP. 

Sparingly  naturalized  from  the  West.    July. 

PLATANACE/E.    PLANE-TREE   FAMILY. 

PLATANUS,  L. 

P.  occidentalis,  L.    SYCAMORE.    BUTTONWOOD. 
Bather  common.    May- June. 

JUGLANDACE^.    WALNUT   FAMILY. 

JUGLANS,  L. 

J.  cinerea,  L.    BUTTERNUT. 
Common.    May. 

CARYA,  Nutt. 

C.  alba,  Nutt.    SHAGBARK  HICKORY. 

Common.    May-June. 
C.  tomentosa,  Nutt.    MOCKER-NUT.    WHITE-HEART  HICKORY. 

Not  uncommon.     May- June. 
C.  porcina,  Nutt.    PIGNUT  or  BROWN  HICKORY. 

Common.    May-June. 
C.  amara,  Nutt.    BITTERNUT  HICKORY. 

Medford,  Winchester,  Belmont,  et  al.    Less  common  than  the  other 

species.'  May-June. 

CUPULIFER^E.    OAK  FAMILY. 

QUERCUS,  L. 

Q.  alba,  L.    WHITE  OAK. 

Common.     May. 
Q.  bicolor,  Willd.    SWAMP  WHITE  OAK. 

Common,  especially  in  the  eastern  section  of  the  county.    May. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  93 

Q.  Prinus,  L.    CHESTNUT  OAK. 

Medford  (L.  L.  Dame) ;  Tovvnsend  (John  H.  Sears).    Rare.    May. 
Q.  prinoides,  Willd.     (Q.  Prinus,  L.,  var.  humilis,  Marsh.) 

Common.    May. 
Q.  ilicifolia,  Wang.    BEAR  or  SCRUB  OAK. 

Common.    Apr. -May. 
Q.  coccinea,  Wang.    SCARLET  OAK. 

Rather  common.    May. 
Q.  tinctoria,  Bartr.    YELLOW  or  BLACK  OAK. 

Common.    May. 
Q.  rubra,  L.    RED  OAK. 

Common.     May. 

CASTANEA,  Tourn. 

C.  vulgaris,  Lam.,  var.  AMERICANA,  A.  DC.     (C.  vesca,  L.,  var. 
Americana,  Michx.,  Man.)     CHESTNUT. 
Common,  especially  in  the  western  part  of  the  county.    July. 

FAGUS,  Tourn. 

F.  ferruginea,  Ait.    BEECH. 
Rather  common.    May-June. 

CORYLUS,  Tourn. 

C.  Americana,  Walt.    HAZLENUT. 

Common.    Mch. -April. 
C.  rostrata,  Ait.    BEAKED  HAZLENUT. 

Widely  distributed,  but  not  so  common  as  the  preceding  species. 
Mch.-April. 

OSTRYA,  Mich. 

O.   Virginica,   Willd.    HOP  HORNBEAM.    LEVER-WOOD.    IRON 
WOOD. 
Rather  common.    Apr.-May. 

CARPINUS,  L. 

C.  Caroliniana,  Walt.     (C.  Americana,  Michx.,  Man.)    HORN- 
BEAM.   IRON  WOOD.    BLUE  BEECH. 
Generally  distributed,  not  uncommon.    May. 

MYRICACE^E.    SWEET-GALE  FAMILY. 

MYRICA,  L. 
M.  Gale,  L.    SWEET  GALE. 

Rather  common.    Apr. 
M.  cerifera,  L.    BAYBERRY.    WAX-MYRTLE. 

Common.    May-June. 


94  MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 

COMPTONIA,  Soland. 
C.  asplenifolia,  Ait.    SWEET  FERN. 
Common.    Apr.-May. 

BETULACE^E.    BIRCH   FAMILY. 

BETULA,  Tourn. 

B.  lenta,  L.    CHERRY  BIRCH.    SWEET  or  BLACK  BIRCH. 
Widely  distributed.    Frequent.     Apr.-May. 

B.  lutea,  Michx,  f.    YELLOW  BIRCH. 
Not  as  common  as  the  preceding  species.    Apr.-May. 

B.  alba,  L.  v? r.  populifolia,  Spach.    AMERICAN  WHITE  BIRCH. 
GRAY  BIRCH. 
Common.    May. 

B.  papyracea,  Ait.    WHITE  BIRCH.    PAPER  or  CANOE  BIRCH. 
Bare  eastward,  but  common  in  other  sections  of  the  county.    May- 
June. 

B.  papyracea,  Ait.,  var.  minor,  Tuckerm.  DWARF  CANOE  BIRCH. 
A  clump  of  trees  6  or  7  feet  high,  growing  in  a  swamp  in  Lexing- 
ton, 1875  (Minot  Pratt) . 

B.  nigra,  L.    RIVER  BIRCH.    RED  BIRCH. 
Native  only  in  the  Merrimac  River  Valley. 

ALNUS,   Tourn. 

A.  incana,  Willd.    BLACK  ALDER.    SPECKLED  or  HOARY  ALDER. 

Common.    Mch.-Apr. 
A.  serrulata,  Willd.    SMOOTH  ALDER. 

Less  common  than  the  preceding  species.    Mch.-Apr. 

SALICACE>E.    WILLOW  FAMILY. 

SALIX,  Tourn. 

S.  tristis,  Ait.    DWARF  GRAY  WILLOW. 

Not  uncommon.     Apr.-May. 
S.  humilis,  Marsh.    PRAIRIE  WILLOW. 

Rather  common.     "  The  intermediate  character  of  this  species,  as 

between  S.  tristis  and  S.  discolor  was  long  ago  pointed  out  by  Mr. 

Carey.    The  confusing  forms  appear  to  be  hybrids." — M.  S.  Bebb. 
S.  discolor,  Muhl.    GLAUCOUS  WILLOW. 

Common.    Forms  with  anthers  transformed  to  ovaries,  occasional. 

Apr.-May. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  95 


S.  sericea,  Marsh.    SILKY  WILLOW. 

Medford  (G.  E.  Davenport)  ;  Arlington  (Wm.  Boott)  ;  Hopkinton 

(L.  L.  Dame).     Not  common.     May. 
S.  petiolaris,  Smith.    PETIOLED  WILLOW. 

Medford  (G.  E.  Davenport)  ;  Winchester  (L.  L.  Dame)  ;  Cambridge 

(L.  H.  Bailey,  Jr.),  et  al.     Apr.-May. 
S.  PURPUREA,  L.    PURPLE  WILLOW. 

Arlington  (Wm.  Boott)  ;  Medford  (L.  L.  Dame).     Apr.-May.     A 

native  of  the  Old  World,  sparingly  naturalized. 
S.  viminalis,  L.    BASKET  OSIER. 

West  Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins).     Adv.  from  Eu.    May. 
S.  cordata,  Muhl.    HEART-LEAVED  WILLOW. 

Widely  distributed,  but  not  common.    Apr.-May. 
S.  cordata  X  sericea,  Bebb.     ("S.  myricoides,  Muhl. !  not  the  S. 

cordata,  var.  myricoides,  of  Gray,  Man.1') — M.  S.  Bebb. 

Near  Fresh  Pond,  Cambridge  (L.  H.  Bailey,  Jr.) 
S.   rostrata,s  Kich.     (S.  livida,   Wahl.,  var.   occidentalis,   Gray.) 

LIVID  WILLOW. 

Common.    Apr.-May.    Mr.  Bebb  ranks  this  willow  as  a  sub-species 

of  S.  livida. 
S.  lucida,  Muhl.    SHINING  WILLOW. 

Rather  common.     May. 
S.  nigra,  Marsh.    BLACK  WILLOW. 

Cambridge,  Medford,  Winchester,  et  al.    Occasional. 
S.  nigra,  Marsh,  var.  falcata,  Gray. 

Cambridge  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Concord  (Walter  Deane). 
S.  FRAGILIS,  L.    BRITTLE  WILLOW. 

Hybrids  in  which  S.  fragilis  predominates  are  not  uncommon;  a 

Medford  specimen  Mr.  Bebb  pronounces  "almost  pure  fragilis." 

May. 
S.  ALBA,  L.,  var.  VITELLINA,  Koch. 

Chelmsford,  Medford,  Natick,   et  al.       Not  uncommon.       May. 

"  The  typical  S.  alba  is  extremely  rare  in  the  United  States,  and 

what  Anderson,  Wimmer,   and  the  German  botanists    generally 

regard  as  genuine  S.  fragilis  I  have  not  seen  at  all ;  but  the  var. 

vitellina  is  very  common,  as  are  also  a  host  of  hybrid  forms  between 

alba  and  fragilis,  representing  S.  viridis,  Fr.,  S.  Russelliana,  Sm., 

&c.    These  hybrids,  perplexing  enough  in  themselves,  are  rendered 

still  more  inextricable,  with  us,  by  a  further  cross  —  by  no  means 

rare  — with  native  lucida,"— M.  S.  Bebb. 
S.  myrtilloides,  L.    MYRTLE  WILLOW. 

Cambridge,  Belmont,  Wakefield,  Chelmsford,  etal.  Rather  common. 

May. 


96  MIDDLESEX    FLOKA. 


POPULUS,  Tourn. 

P.  tremuloides,  Michx.    AMERICAN  ASPEN. 

Common.    Found  with  polygamous  flowers,  Medford,  1878  (G.  E. 

Davenport).    Apr. 
P.  grand identata,  Michx.    LARGE-TOOTHED  ASPEN. 

Common.     Apr. 
P.  balsamifera,  L.,  var.  candicans,  Gray.     BALM  OF  GILEAD. 

Common.    Possibly  introduced  from  farther  North.     May. 
P.  dilatata,  Ait.    LOMBARDY  POPLAR. 

Formerly  extensively  cultivated,   and  occasionally  spontaneous, 

but  apparently  dying  out.    Adv.  from  Eu. 
P.  ALBA,  L.    ABELE.    WHITE-POPLAR. 

Occasional ;  spreading  extensively  by  root.    Nat.  from  Eu. 


CONIFEFME.    PINE   FAMILY. 

PINUS,  Tourn. 

P.  rigida,  Mill.    PITCH  PINE. 

Common.    May. 
P.  resinosa,  Ait.    NORWAY  PINE.    RED  PINE. 

Generally  distributed,  but  not  common.    May. 
P.  Strobus,  L.    WHITE  PINE. 

Common.    June. 

.  PiCEA,  Link. 

P.  nigra,  Link.    (Abies  nigra  of  Man.)    BLACK  SPRUCE. 
Rather  scarce,  especially  eastward.    May. 

TSUGA,  Endl. 

T.  Canadensis,  Carriere.      (Abies  Canadensis,  Michx.,  Man.) 
HEMLOCK. 
Rather  common.    June.    . 

ABIES,  Tourn. 

A.  balsamea,  Marsh.    FIR  BALSAM. 

Ashby,  near  Mt.  Watatic  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Concord,  introduced 
by  Minot  Pratt).    Rare.     May. 

LARIX,  Tourn. 

L.  Americana,  Michx.    AMERICAN  LARCH.     BLACK  L.    TAMA- 
RACK.   HACKMATAC. 
Widely  distributed ;  not  uncommon.    Apr. -May. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  97 

THUYA,  Tourn. 

T.  occidentalis,  L.    AMERICAN  ARBOR-VIT^E. 
Concord,  introduced  by  Minot  Pratt.    May-June. 

CHAM^ECYPARIS,  Spach. 

C.  sphaeroidea,  Spach.    (Cupressus  thyoides,  L.,  Man.)     WHITE 
CEDAR. 

Reading,  Bedford,  Natick,  Hopkinton,  et  al.    Not  very  common. 
May. 

JUNIPERUS,  L. 

J.  communis,  L.    JUNIPER. 

Common.    May-June. 
J.  Virginiana,  L.    RED  CEDAR.    SAVIN. 

Common.    May. 

TAXUS,  Tourn. 

T.  baccata,  L.,  var.  Canadensis,  Gray. 
AMERICAN  YEW.    GROUND  HEMLOCK. 
Common  in  Ashby  (L.  L.  Dame)  ;  very  rare  elsewhere.    Apr. 


KNDOQKNS. 


ARACE/E.    ARUM  FAMILY. 

ARIS^EMA,  Mart. 

A.  triphyllum,  Torr.     INDIAN  TURNIP.     JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT. 
Common.     May-June. 

PELTANDRA,  Raf . 

P.  undulata,  Raf.     (P.  Virginica,  Raf.,  Man.,  in  part). 
Not  uncommon.    June. 

Again  separated,  in  Engler's  Monograph,  from  P.  Virginica,  Raf. 
The  most  obvious  distinction  is  to  be  found  in  the  spadix,  the 
pistillate  part  of  which,  in  P.  undulata,  is  from  1-4  to  1-5,  while  in 
P.  Virginica,  it  is  2-3  the  length  of  the  staminate  part.  All  the 
county  specimens  examined  seem  to  be  P.  undulata. 

CALLA,  *L. 

C.  palustris,  L.    WATER  ARUM. 
Widely  distributed,  but  not  very  common.    May-June. 

7 


98  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


SYMPLOCARPUS,  Salisb. 

S.  foetid  us,  Salisb.    SKUNK  CABBAGE. 
Common.    Mar.-Apr. 

ACORUS,  L. 

A.  Calamus,  L.    SWEET  FLAG. 
Common.    June.    Apparently  native. 

LEMNACE>E.    DUCKWEED  FAMILY- 

LEMNA,   L. 
L.  trisculca,  L. 

Fresh  Pond,  Cambridge  (Wm.  Boott).    Rare. 
L.  minor,  L.    DUCKWEED. 
Common. 

SPEIRODELA,  Schleid. 

S.  polyrrhiza,  Schleid.     (Lemna  polyrrhiza,  L.,  Man.) 
Common. 

TYPHACE>E.    CAT-TAIL   FAMILY. 

TYPHA,  Tourn. 

T.  latifolia,  L.    CAT-TAIL. 
Common.    June-July. 

T.  angustifolia,  L.    SMALL  CAT-TAIL. 

Winchester  and  Arlington  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Medford  (G.  E.  Daven- 
port). Common  in  these  localities,  but  not  reported  elsewhere. 
June-July. 

SPARGANIUM,  Tourn. 

S.  eurycarpum,  Engelm.    BUR-REED. 
Rather  common. 

S.  androcladum,  Morongin  Torrey  Bulletin,  March,  1888.  (S. 
simplex,  Huds.,  var.  androcladum,  Engelm.)  Whitehall  Pond, 
Hopkinton  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong) ;  Medford  (Wm.  Boott)  ;  Waltham 
(C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  et  al. 

S.  androcladum,  Morong,  var.  fluctuans,  Morong  in  Torrey 
Bulletin,  March,  1888.  (S.  simplex,  Huds.,  var.  fluitans,  Engelm. , 
Man.)  A  form  closely  approaching  this  variety  was  collected 
at  Whitehall  Pond,  Hopkinton,  by  Dr.  C.  W.  Swan. 

S.  simplex,  Huds. 

Common.  The  form  known  as  var.  Nuttallii,  Engelm.,  Man., 
likewise  common. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  99 

S.  minimum,  Fries. 
Ashland  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 

NAIADACE>E.    PONDWEED    FAMILY. 

NAIAS,  L. 
N.flexilis,  Rostk. 

Common. 
N.  flexilis,  Rostk.,  var.  robusta,  Morong. 

Concord  River,   abundant  (Walter  Deane)  ;    Natick   (Rev.  Thos. 

Morong ;  specimen  in  herb.  of). 

"  Stem  stout,  few  leaved,  sparsely  branching,  elongated ;    leaves 

linear,  1£ — 2mm.  broad  and   10 — 15mm.  long,  flat,  abruptly  acute. 

I  have  found  it  rising  to  the  surface  in  still  ponds,  in  water  4  to  6 

feet  deep."    Morong  in  Bot.  Gaz.    The  usual  fruit  of  the  type. 
N.  Indica,  Cham.,  var.  gracillima,  Braun. 

Woburn  (Wm.  Boott) ;  Spot  Pond,  Stoneham,  and  Ashland  (Rev. 

Thos.  Morong).    Rare. 

ZANNICHELLIA,  Mich. 
Z.  palustris,  L.    HORNED  PONDWEED. 

Very  abundant  in  Mystic  Pond  and  River  (Wm.  Boott).    June-July. 

ZOSTERA,  L. 

Z.  marina,  L.    EEL-GRASS. 
Very  common  in  salt  water.    July-Aug. 

RUPPIA,  L. 

R.  maritima,  L.    DITCH-GRASS. 
Common  in  brackish  water.    June-July. 

POTAMOGETON,    Toum. 

P.  natans,  L. 

Common. 
P.  Oakesianus,  Robbins. 

Mystic  Pond,  Medford,  and  Horn  Pond,  Woburn  (Wm.  Boott) ; 

Natick  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 
P.  Claytonii,  Tuck. 

Common. 
P.  Vaseyi,  Robbins. 

Mystic  Pond,  Medford  (Wm.  Boott)  ;  Spot  Pond,  Stoneham  (Rev. 

Thos.  Morong). 
P.  Spirillus,  Tuck. 

Westford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Woburn,  Winchester,  Medford  and 

Billerica  (Wm.  Boott)  ;  Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar). 


100  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 

P.  hybridus,  Michx. 

Winchester ;  Silver  Lake,  Wilmington ;  and  Round  Pond,  Woburn 
(Wm.  Boott) ;  Bedford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Medford,  clay-pits  (F. 
S.  Collins). 

P.  lonchites,  Tuck. 
Winchester  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 

P.  pulcher,  Tuck. 

Spot  Pond,  Stoneham,  and  Ashland  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong) ;  Fresh 
Pond,  Cambridge  (E.  Tuckerman)  ;  Concord  (Walter  Deane). 

P.  amplifolius,  Tuck. 

Mystic  Pond,  Medford  (Wm.  Boott) ;  Fresh  Pond,  Cambridge 
(Rev.  Thos.  Morong) ;  Concord  (Walter  Deane) ;  Townsend  and 
Bedford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan). 

P.  gramineus,  L. 
Common. 

P.  gramineus,  L.,  var.  spathulaeformis,  Robbins. 
Mystic  Pond  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 

P.  gramineus,  L.,  var.  maxim  us,  Morong. 
So.  Natick  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 

"  This  variety  generally  occurs  in  swift  currents,  and  differs  from 
the  type  in  usually  having  all  the  parts  much  elongated,  stems  5  to 
10  ft.  iti  length,  and  the  sessile  or  petiolate  submerged  leaves  3-7 
lines  wide  by  2-5  inches  long,  and  7-10  nerved.'1  Morong  in  litt. 

P.  lucens,  L. 

Fresh  Pond  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong) ;  Winchester   (L.  L.  Dame). 

P.  Zizii,  Mert.  &  Koch.  (P.  lucens,  L.,  var.  minor,  Nolte,  Man.) 
Fresh  Pond  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 

P.  praelongus,  Wulf. 
Fresh  Pond  (John  Robinson,  et  al.) 

P.  perfoliatus,  L. 
Mystic  Pond  (Win.  Boott)  ;  Fresh  Pond  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan). 

P.  Mysticus,  Morong. 
Mystic  Pond,  Medford  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 

"The  whole  plant  very  slender;  stems  irregularly  branching  from 
a  creeping  rootstock,  nearly  filiform,  terete.  1-3  ft.  high ;  leaves  all 
submerged,  scattered,  entire,  oblong-linear,  %-l%  inches  long,  and 
2  or  3  lines  wide,  5-7  nerved,  finely  undulate,  obtuse  or  bluntly 
pointed  at  the  apex,  abruptly  narrowing  at  the  base,  and  sessile  or 
partly  clasping ;  stipules  free,  obtuse,  about  6  lines  long,  mostly 
deciduous  but  often  persistent,  and  closely  sheathing  the  stem; 
spikes  few,  capitate,  4-6  flowered,  on  erect  peduncles  from  1-2  inches 
long.  With  the  habit  of  P.  perfoliatus,  but  scarcely  ^  as  stout  in 
any  of  its  parts."  Morong  in  Bot.  Gaz.,  Vol.  V.,  No.  5. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  101 

P.  CRISPUS,  L. 

Spy  Pond,  Arlington ;  probably  introduced  (C.  E.  Faxon). 
P.  zosteraefolius,  Schum.     (P.  compressus,  L.,  Man.) 

Cambridge  and  Natick  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 
P.  obtusifolius,  Mert.  &  Koch. 

Natick  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong,  specimen  in  herb.  of). 
P.  pauciflorus,  Pursh. 

Medf ord  (Wm.  Boott)  ;  Cambridge  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong) . 
P.  pusillus,  L. 

Common. 
P.  pusillus,  L.,  var.  polyphyllus,  Morong. 

So.  Natick  and  Fresh  Pond,  Cambridge  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 

"A  dwarf  form,  3-5  inches  high,  divaricately  branching  from  the 

base,  and  very  leafy  throughout ;  leaves  very  obtuse,  not  cuspidate, 

3-nerved ;  non-flowering,  but  abundantly  provided  with  propagating 

buds  which  are  formed  on  the  thickened  and  hardened  ends  of  the 

branches,  and  closely  invested  by  imbricated  leaves."    Morong  in 

Bot.  Gaz.,  Vol.  V.,  No.  5. 
P.  pusillus,  L.,  var,  tenuissimus,  Mert.  &  Koch. 

Natick  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 
P.   gemmiparus,  Robbins,    (P.  pusillus,  L.,  var.  gemmiparus, 

Man.) 

Mystic  Pond  (E.  Tuckerman)  ;  So.  Natick  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 
P.  Robbinsii,  Oakes. 

Fresh  Pond  (E.  Tuckerman) ;    Medf  ord   (Win.  Boott) ;   Concord 

(WalterDeane). 

TRIGLOCHIN,  L. 

T.  maritimum,  L.    ARROW-GRASS. 
Common  in  salt  marshes.    June-July. 

SCHEUCHZERIA,  L. 

S.  palustris,  L. 
Ashby  (W.  H.  Manning)  ;  Tewksbury  (B.  D.  Greene).    June-July. 

ALISMACE>£.    WATER-PLANTAIN  FAMILY. 

ALISMA,  L. 

A.  Plantago,  L.,  var.  Americanum,  Gray.    WATER-PLANTAIN. 
Rather  common.     June-July. 

ECHINODORUS,  Rich.,  Engelm. 

E.  parvulus,  Engelm. 

Cambridge  (James);  Winter  Pond,  Winchester  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan). 
July-Aug. 


102  MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


SAGITTARIA,  L. 

S.  variabilis,  Engelm.    ARROW-HEAD. 

Very  common;  including  vars.  obtusa  and  latifolia,  Engelm., 

Maiden  (H.  L.  Moody) ;  var.  hastata,  Engelm.,  Cambridge   (G. 

E.    Davenport);    var.    diversifolia,   Engelm.,  Lowell    (W.   H. 

Manning)  ;  and  var.  angustifolia,  Lowell  (L.  L.  Dame).     June- 

Aug. 
S.  calycina,  Engelm. 

Medford  (Wm.  Boott,  specimen  in  herb.  of).    July. 
S.  graminea,  Michx. 

Cambridge  and   Arlington    (C.  E.    Perkins) ;    Framingham    and 

Natick  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong) ;  Medford  (W.  H.  Manning).    Aug. 
S.  graminea,  Michx.,  var.  fluitans,  Engelm. 

So.  Natick  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong;  specimen  in  herb.  of).    Aug. 
S.  natans,  Michx. 

Westford  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Littleton  (W.  H.  Manning). 

HYDROCHARIDACEy^E.    FROG'S-BIT  FAMILY. 

ANACHARIS,  Rich. 
A.  Canadensis,  Planch.    WATER-WEED. 

Somerville  (Warner  Bailey)  ;  Arlington  (Wm.  Boott)  ;  Fresh  Pond, 
Cambridge  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong).  July. 

VALLISNERIA,  Mich. 

V.  spiralis,  L.    TAPE-GRASS.    EEL-GRASS. 
Common.    July-Aug. 

ORCHIDACE^E.    ORCHID  FAMILY. 

ORCHIS,  L. 

*O.  spectabilis,  L.    SHOWY  ORCHIS. 

Cambridge  (T.  W.  Harris  in  Hovey's  Mag.,  VI.,  245).  Concord,  in- 
troduced from  Vermont  by  Minot  Pratt.  May.  Very  rare. 

HABENARIA,  Willd.,  R.  Br. 

H.  tridentata,  Hook. 
Common.    June-Aug. 

H.  virescens,  Spreng. 
Not  uncommon.    June-July. 

H.  dilatata,  Gray. 

Lexington  (Baldwin's  Orchids  of  N.  E.) ;  Reading  and  Stoneham 
(Wm.  Boott,  specimen  in  herb.  of).  The  Concord  plant  was  intro- 
duced by  Minot  Pratt.  June-July. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  103 

*H.  oUusata,  Richards. 

Concord,  introduced  from  Wachusett  by  Minot  Pratt.    June. 
H.  Hookeri,  Torr. 

Ashby   (W.   H.   Manning);    Stoneham    (Mrs.   P.    D.    Richards); 

Hopkinton  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Rare.    June. 
H.  orbiculata,  Torr. 

Generally  distributed,  but  not  common.    July. 
H.  ciliaris,  R-  Br.    YELLOW  FRINGED-ORCHIS. 

Lexington,  1862  (Wm.  Boott),  specimen  in  the  Gray  herb.    Very 

rare.    July-Sept. 
H.  blephariglottis,  Hook.    WHITE  FRINGED-ORCHIS. 

Generally  distributed,  but  rare.    July-Aug. 
H.  blephariglottis,  Hook.,  var.  holopetala,  Gray. 

Littleton  (W.  H.  Manning).    July-Aug. 
H.  lacera,  R.  Br.    RAGGED  FRINGED-ORCHIS. 

Common.     July-Aug. 
H.  psycodes,  Gray.    PURPLE  FRINGED-ORCHIS. 

Common.    A  form  at  Maiden  with  white  flowers  (F.  S.  Collins). 

July-Aug. 
H .  f  imbriata,  R.  Br.    LARGER  PURPLE  FRINGED-ORCHIS. 

Generally  distributed,  but  not  common.     June-July. 

GOODYERA,  R.  Br. 

G.  repens,  R.  Br.    RATTLESNAKE  PLANTAIN. 

Not  uncommon.    Aug.  , 

G.  pubescens,  R.  Br.    RATTLESNAKE  PLANTAIN. 

Rather  common.    July-Aug. 

SPIRANTHES,  Rich. 

S.  latifolia,  Torr. 

Groton   (Miss  H.  E.  Haynes) ;    N.  Reading   (W.  H.   Manning). 

Rare.    June. 
S.  cernua,  Rich.    LADIES'  TRESSES. 

Common.    Aug.-Oct. 
S.  graminea,  Lindl.,  var.  Walteri,  Gray. 

Townsend  (Miss  H.   E.   Haynes);    Billerica   (W.   H.   Manning). 

Rare.    July-Aug. 
S.  gracilis,  Bigel.    SLENDER  LADIES'  TRESSES. 

Common.    July-Oct. 

ARETHUSA,  Gronov. 

A.  bulbosa,  L. 
Frequent.'    May. 


104  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


POGONIA,  Jus 8. 

P.  ophioglossoides,  Nutt. 
Common.    June-July. 

P.  verticil lata,  Nutt. 

Ashby  (W.  H.  Manning);  Tewksbury  (Rev.  H.  C.  Duganne) ; 
Lowell  (Dr.  F.  Nickerson)  ;  Billerica  (Baldwin's  Orchids  of  N.  E.). 
Rare.  May- June. 

CALOPOGON,  R.  Br. 

C.  pulchellus,  R.  Br. 

Common.    June-July. 

MICROSTYLIS,  Nutt. 

*M.  ophioglossoides,  Nutt. 

Wilmington  (E.  H.  Hitchings  and  Miss  M.  E.  Carter).  Very  rare. 
July. 

LIPARIS,  Rich. 

*L.  liliifolia,  Rich.    TWAYBLADE. 

Cambridge,  (Bigelow's  Fl.  Bost.) ;  Natick  (Austin  Bacon).    Very 

rare.    June. 
L.  Loeselii,  Rich. 

Tewksbury  and  Chelmsford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;    Woburn   (Miss 

M.  E.  Carter) ;  Ashland  (Rev.   Thos.  Morong)  ;    Belmont  (C.  E. 

Perkins)  ;  W.  Medford  (Mrs.  P.  D.  Richards).    Rare.    June. 

CORALLORHIZA,    Hall. 

C.  innata,  R.  Br. 

Stoneham  and  Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Bedford  (C.  W.  Jenks) ; 
Natick  (Baldwin's  Orchids  of  N.  E.) ;  Tewksbury  (B.  D.  Greene). 
May-June. 
C.  multiflora,  Nutt. 

Rather  common.    July-Sept. 

CYPRIPEDIUM,  L. 

*C.  arietinum~R.  Br.    RAM'S-HEAD  LADY'S  SLIPPER. 

Concord,  introduced  from  Vermont  by  Miuot  Pratt.    June. 
C.  parviflorum,  Salisb.    SMALLER  YELLOW  LADY'S  SLIPPER. 

Groton  (Miss.  H.  E.  Haynes)  ;    Westford   (Baldwin's   Orchids  of 

N.  E.) ;  Acton   (Walter  Deane;  specimen  in  herb,  of);  Concord, 

introduced  by  Minot  Pratt.    Very  rare.    June. 
C.  pubescens,  Willd.    LARGER  YELLOW  LADY'S  SLIPPER. 

Reading  and  Lexington  (Baldwin's  Orchids  of  N.  E.)  ;  Ashland 

(Rev.  Thos.  Morong)  ;  Stowe  (Walter  Deane ;  specimen  in  herb,  of)  ; 

Concord,  introduced  by  Minot  Pratt.    Very  rare.    June. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  105 

C.  spectabile,  Sw.    SHOWY  LADY'S  SLIPPER. 
Wilmington  (Baldwin's  Orchids  of  N.  E.)  ;  Reading,  found  in  a 
cedar  swamp  in  1866  (Miss  Clymena  Wakefield)  ;  Concord,  intro- 
duced from  Con  way,  1ST.  H.,  by  Minot  Pratt.     Very  rare.    July. 

C.  acaule,  Ait.    LADY'S  SLIPPER. 

Common.    A  form  with  white  flowers  reported  at  Ashby  by  F.  S. 
Collins,  and  at  N.  Reading  by  John  Robinson ;  rare.     May-June. 

AMARYLLIDACE^E.    AMARYLLIS  FAMILY. 

HYPOXYS,  L. 

H.  erecta,  L.    STAR  GRASS. 
Common.    May-Aug. 

H/£MODORACE>£.    BLOODWORT  FAMILY. 

ALETRIS,  L. 

*A.  farinosa,  L.    COLIC-ROOT.    STAR-GRASS. 
Framingham  (Rev.  J.  H.  Temple).    Rare.    July- Aug. 

IRIDACE^E.    IRIS    FAMILY. 

IRIS,  L. 

I.  versicolor,  L.    LARGER  BLUE  FLAG. 
Common.     May-June. 

I.  Virginica,  L.    SLENDER  BLUE  FLAG.    BOSTON  IRIS. 
Less  common  than  the  preceding.    May-June. 

/.  Pseudacorus,  L. 

Occasionally  escaped,  but  hardly  established.  Int.  from  Eu. 
"  Beardless ;  leaves  sword-shaped,  lanceolate  linear,  about  equalling 
the  terete,  many  flowered  stem ;  sepals  ovate  with  a  broad  claw, 
the  linear  petals  narrower  and  shorter  than  the  pistils.  Flowers 
yellow,  the  sepals  having  in  place  of  the  beard,  a  yellow  spot, 
marked  with  very  fine  black  or  dark  purple  veins."  Koch,  Syn. 
Fl.  Germ. 

SISYRINCHIUM,  L. 

S.  anceps,  Cav.     (S.  Bermudiana,  L.,  Man.,  in  part.) 
Common.    May-July.     A  form  with  pure  white  flowers  has  been 
observed  at  Reading  by  W.  H.  Manning. 


106  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 

S.  mucronatum,  Michx.     (S.  Bermudiana,  L.,  var.  mucronatum, 
Man.) 

Wilmington  (F.  S.  Collins)  ;  Chelmsford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).     Much 
the  less  common  species.    May-July. 

DIOSCOREACE/'E.    YAM   FAMILY. 

DIOSCOREA,  Plum. 

*D.  villosa,  L.    WILD  YAM  ROOT. 

"  Woods,  Concord  Turnpike  "  (Bigelow's  Fl.  Bost.)     Not  since  re- 
ported.   July. 

SMILACE^E.    SMILAX    FAMILY. 

SMILAX,  Tourn. 

S.  rotundifolia,  L.    GREEN  BRIAR. 

Common.    June-July. 
S.  glauca,  Walt. 

Weston  (L.  L.  Dame).    An  extreme  northern  station.    July. 
S.  herbacea,  L.    CARRION-FLOWER. 

Common.    June. 
*S.  Lherbacea,  L.,  var.  peduncularis,  A.  DC.   (var.   pulver- 

ulenta,  Man.) 

Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  Natick  (Austin  Bacon) ;  Marlboro  (Mrs. 

A.  M.  Staples).    June. 

LILIACE,C.    LILY    FAMILY. 

TRILLIUM,  L. 
*  T.  sessile,  L. 

Concord,  introduced  from  the  West  by  Minot  Pratt.    June. 
*T.  rvcurvatum,  Beck. 

Concord,  introduced  from  Wisconsin  by  Minot  Pratt.     June. 
*T.  grandiftorum,  Salisb.    LARGE-FLOWERED  TRILLIUM. 

Concord,  introduced  by  Minot  Pratt.    June. 
T.  erectum,  L.    PURPLE  TRILLIUM.    BIRTHROOT. 

Townsend  (Miss  H.  E.  Haynes  and  C.  W.  Jenks) ;  Ashby  (L.  L. 

Dame).    Concord,  introduced  from  Wachusett  by    Minot   Pratt. 

Rare.     May. 
T.  cernuum,  L.    NODDING  TRILLIUM.    WAKE-ROBIN. 

Common.    May-June. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  107 

*T.  nivale,  Ridd.    DWARF  WHITE  TRILLIUM. 

Concord,  introduced  from  Illinois  by  Minot  Pratt.    Apr.-May. 
T.  erythrocarpum,  Michx.    PAINTED  TRILLIUM. 

Ashby,  common  (L.  L.  Dame)  ;   Groton  (C.  W.  Jenks)  ;  Concord 

(Minot  Pratt) ;  Tewksbury  (B.  D.  Greene) ;  Framingham   (Rev. 

J.  H.  Temple).    Rare,  except  in  the  northern  towns.    May-June. 

MEDEOLA,  Gronov. 

M.  Virginica,  L.    INDIAN  CUCUMBER-ROOT. 
Common.    June. 

VERATRUM,  Tourn. 

V.  viride,  Ait.     AMERICAN  WHITE  HELLEBORE.    INDIAN  POKE. 

Common.    June-July. 

UVULARIA,  L. 
*  U.  grandi/lora.  Smith. 

Concord,  introduced  frosii  Vermont  by  Minot  Pratt.    May-June. 
U.  perfoliata,  L.    BELLWORT. 

Rather  common.    May. 

OAKESIA,  Wats. 

O.  sessilifolia,  Wats.     (Uvularia  sessilifolia,  L,  Man.)    BELL- 
WORT.    WILD  OATS. 
Common.    May. 

STREPTOPUS,  Michx. 

S.  amplexifolius,  DC. 

Ashby  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Concord,  introduced  from  Wachusett  by 
Minot  Pratt.  June. 

CLINTONIA,  Raf. 
C.  boreal  is,  Raf. 
Common,  especially  in  the  northern  part  of  the  county.    May-June. 

CONVALLARIA,  L. 

C.  majalis,  L.    LILT  OF  THE  VALLEY. 

Concord,  introduced  by  Minot  Pratt ;  Wakefield,  apparently  estab- 
lished (F.  S.  Collins).  May-June.  Adv.  from  Eu.  and  from  the 
South. 

SMILACINA,  Desf. 

S.  racemosa,  Desf.    FALSE  SPIKENARD. 

Common.    June. 
S.  stellata,  Desf. 

Waverly    (Wm.    Boott) ;    near  Fresh  Pond,  Cambridge    (C.   E. 

Faxon)  ;  Concord,  introduced  from  Breed's  Island  by  Minot  Pratt. 

May-June. 


108  MIDDLESEX   FLOKA. 


S.  trifolia,  Desf. 
Occasional  throughout  the  county,  but  nowhere  common.    May. 

MAIANTHEMUM,  Desf. 

M,  Canadense,  Desf.      (Smilacina  bifolia,  Ker,  Man.)     FALSE 

SOLOMON'S  SEAL. 

Very  common.     May-June. 

POLYGONATUM,  Tourn. 

P.  biflorum,  Ell.    SMALLER  SOLOMON'S  SEAL. 
Common.    May-June. 

ASPARAGUS,  L. 

A.  OFFICINALIS,  L.    GARDEN  ASPARAGUS. 
Common.    June-July.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

LILIUM,  L. 

L.  Philadelphicum,  L.    WILD  EED  LILY.    WOOD  LILY. 

Common.  July. 
L.  Canadense,  L.  WILD  YELLOW  LILY.  MEADOW  LILY. 

Common.  July. 
L.  TIGRINUM,  L.  TIGER  LILY. 

Occasionally    spontaneous    and   locally   established.      July-Aug. 

Nat.  from  Eu.    For  description,  see  Wood's  Bot.  &  Fl. 

ERYTHRONIUM,  L. 

E.   Americanum,    Smith.      DOG'S-TOOTH   VIOLET.      YELLOW- 
ADDER'S-TONGUE. 
Frequent.     Apr.-May. 

ORNITHOGALUM,  Tourn. 

O.  UMBELLATUM,  L.      STAR-OF-BETHLEHEM. 

Not  uncommon.    June.    Nat.  from  Eu. 
SCILLA,  L. 

*S.  Fraseri,  Gray. 

Concord,  introduced  from  Illinois  by  Minot  Pratt.    May. 

ALLIUM,  L. 

A.  tricoccum,  Ait.    WILD  LEEK. 

Framingham  (Kev.  J.  H.  Temple).    Very  rare.     July. 
A.  Canadense,  Kalm.    WILD  GARLIC. 

Frequent.    May-June. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  109 

YUCCA,  L. 

*  Y.  filamentosa,  L.    ADAM'S  NEEDLE. 

Reading,  "persistent  for  several  years  on  waste  heaps,  and  spread- 
ing slowly  by  roots  "  (W.  H.  Manning).  Adv.  from  the  South. 
July- 

HEMEROCALLIS,  L. 

H.  FULVA,  L.    DAY  LILY. 

Locally  established.    July.    Nat.  from  Eu. 
H.  FLAVA,  L.    YELLOW  DAY  LILY. 

Locally  established.    July.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

JUNCACE/E.     RUSH  FAMILY. 

LUZULA,  DC.    WOOD-RUSH. 

L.  campestris,  DC. 
Common. 

JUNCUS,  L.    RUSH.    BOG-RUSH. 

J.  eff  usus,  L.    COMMON  RUSH.    SOFT  RUSH. 

Common. 
*J.  eff  usus,  L.,  var.  conglomeratus,  Gray. 

Concord  (H.  S.  Richardson). 
J.  filiformis,  L. 

Concord,  (E.  S.  Hoar;  specimen  in  herb.  of). 
J.  Balticus,  Dethard. 

Medford  (Wm.  Boott). 
J.  marginatus,  Rostk. 

Common. 
J.  bufonius,  L. 

Dracut  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Medford  (G.  E.  Davenport)  ;  Somerville 

(C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar). 
J.  Gerardi,  Loisel.    BLACK  GRASS. 

Very  common  on  salt  marshes. 
J.  tenuis,  Willd. 

Common. 
J.  tenuis,  Willd.,  var.  secundus,  Gray. 

Winchester  (Rev.  G.  P.  Huntington) . 
J.  Greenii,  Oakes  &  Tuck. 

Pepperell,  Dracut  and  Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Medford  (Wm. 

Boott). 
J.  pelocarpus,  E.  Meyer. 

Generally  distributed. 


110  MIDDLESEX    FLOKA. 


J.  articulatus,  L. 

Groton  and  Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.Swan)  ;  Medford  (Wm.  Boott). 
J.  militaris,  Bigel.    BAYONET  RUSH. 

Tewksbury   (B.  D.  Greene);    Dracut  and  Westford   (Dr.  C.  W. 

Swan)  ;  Concord  (Walter  Deane)  ;  Bedford  (C.  W.  Jenks). 
J.  acuminatus,  Michx.,  var.  debilis,  Engelm. 

" Issue  of  Mystic  river"  (Wm.  Boott;  specimen  in  herb.  of). 
J.  acuminatus,  Michx.,  var.  legitimus,  Engelrn. 

Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Medford  and  Somerville  (C.  E.  Perkins)  . 
J.  nodosus,  L. 

Medford  (Wm.  Boott;  specimen  in  herb.  of). 
J.  scirpoides,  Lam. 

Medford  (Wm.  Boott;  specimen  in  herb.  of). 
J.  scirpoides,  Lam.,  var.  polycephalus,  Engelm. 

Tewksbury  (B.  D.  Greene),  specimen  in  herb.  B.  S.  N.  H.    Un- 
doubtedly adv.  from  farther  South. 
J.  Canadensis,  J.  Gay,  var.  longicaudatus,  Engelm. 

Generally  distributed. 
J.  Canadensis,  J.  Gay,  var.  coarctatus,  Engelm. 

Billerica  and  Marlboro   (Dr.   C.   W.   Swan);    Somerville   (C.  E. 

Perkins). 

PONTEDERIACE^E.    PICKEREL-WEED  FAMILY. 

PONTEDERIA,  L. 

P.  cordata,  L.    PICKEREL-WEED. 
Common. 

COMMELYNACEyE.   SPIDERWORT  FAMILY. 

TRADESCANTIA,  L.    SPIDERWORT. 

T.  Virginica,  L. 

Ashland  (F.  S.  Collins),  growing  along  the  track  of  the  B.  &  A. 
R.  R.,  remote  from  houses.    Adv.  from  farther  South. 

XYRIDACE>£.    YELLOW-EYED-GRASS  FAMILY. 

XYRIS,  L. 

X.  flexuosa,  Muhl.    YELLOW-EYED-GRASS. 
Nagog  Pond,  Acton,  Aug.,  1882  (W.  H.  Manning) ;  Ashland  (Rev. 
Thos.  Morong). 


MIDDLESEX   FLOKA.  Ill 

X.  fle"xuosa,  Muhl.,  var.  pusilla,  Gray. 

Wilmington  (C.  E.  Perkins). 
X.  Caroliniana,  Walt. 

Ashland  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong) ;  Ashby  (L.   L.  Dame)  ;    Martin's 

Pond,  N.  Reading  (W.  H.  Manning).    Apparently  the  commoner 

species  here. 

ERIOCAULONACE^:.    PIPEWORT  FAMILY. 

ERIOCAULON,  L. 

E.  septangulare,  With.    PIPEWORT. 
Rather  common. 

CYPERACE>£.    SEDGE  FAMILY. 

CYPERUS,  L.    GALINGALE. 

C.  diandrus,  Torr. 

Common. 
C.  diandrus,  Torr.,  var.  castaneus,  Torr. 

Somerville  (C.  E.  Perkins). 
C.  Nuttallii,  Eddy,  Torr. 

Rather  common  near  tide-water. 
C.  aristatus,  Rottb.  (C.  inflexus,  Muhl.,  Man.) 

Winchester  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Cambridge,  specimen  in  herb.  B.  S. 

N.  H. 
C.  dentatus,  Torr. 

Common. 
C.  esculentus,  L.     (C.  phymatodes,  Muhl.,  Man.) 

Lowell,  Tewksbury  and  Dracut  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Concord  (F.  S. 

Collins). 
C.  strigosus,  L. 

Common. 
C.  strigosus,  L.,  var.  compositus,  Britton. 

Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins).    Possibly  introduced. 

"Umbel  compound;  spikelets  £-£  in.  long,  4-5  flowered."    N".  L. 

Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  Vol.  XIII. ,  p.  212. 
C.  speciosus,  Vahl.  (C.  Michauxianus,  Schult.,  Man.) 

Cambridge,  (H.  A.  Young)  ;  Apparently  scarce  in  the  county. 
C.  Engelmanni,  Steud. 

Fresh  Pond,   Cambridge   (Walter  Deane) ;    Spy  Pond,  Arlington 

(H.  A.  Young).    Not  common. 


112  MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 

C.  fillculmis,  Vahl. 

Common. 

DULICHIUM,  Richard. 

D.  spathaceum;  Pers. 

Common. 

FUIRENA,  Rottb. 

F.  squarrosa,  Michx.    UMBRELLA  GRASS. 
Round  Pond,  Tewksbury  (Wm.  Boott;  specimen  in  herb.  of). 

ELEOCHARIS,  R.  Br.    SPIKE-RUSH. 

E.  Robbinsii,  Oakes. 

Flat  Pond,  Groton  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Tewksbury  and  Spot  Pondr 
Stoneham  (Wm.  Boott);  Ashland  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong).  Not 
common. 

E.  tuberculosa,  R.  Br. 

Tewksbury  (B.  D.  Greene)  ;  Wilmington  (H.  A.  Young) ;  Bedford 
(Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Rare. 

E.  obtusa,  Schult. 
Maiden,  Winchester,  Concord,  et  al.    Not  uncommon. 

E.  Engelmanni,  Steud. 
Pine  Hill,  Medford,  Aug.  19,  1880  (C.  W.  Swan). 

E.  Engelmanni,  Steud.,  var.  detonsa,  Gray. 
Winter  Pond,  Winchester,  Aug.  23,  1878  (E.  H.  Hitchings).     At 
the  same  locality,  Aug.,  1884,  a  proliferous  form,  in  dense  heads  of 
aggregated  spikes  and  entirely  asexual;    associated  closely  with 
the  variety  (C.  W.  Jenks). 

E.  olivacea,  Torr. 

Tewksbury  (B.  D.  Greene) ;  Medford  (Wm.  Boott) ;  Melrose  (H. 

A.  Young)  ;  Littleton  (L.  L.  Dame).    Not  common. 
E.  palustris,  R.  Br. 

Common. 

E.  rostellata,  Torr. 
Medford  (Wm.  Boott;  F.  S.  Collins). 

E.  tenuis,  Schult. 

Common. 
E.  acicularis,  R.  Br. 

Common. 
E.  pygmsea,  Torr. 

Spot  Pond,  Stoneham  (L.  H.  Bailey,  Jr.)  ;  Medford  (Wm.  Boott)  ; 

Watertown  (F.  S.  Collins).    Not  common. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  113 


SCIRPUS,  L.    BULRUSH.    CLUB-RUSH. 

S.  planifolius,  Muhl. 

Maiden  and  Melrose  (H.  A.  Young) ;  Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins) ; 

Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar) ;  Wakefleld  (F.  S.  Collins).     Not  common. 
S.  subterminalis,  Torr. 

Generally  distributed. 
S.  pungens,  Vahl. 

Common. 
S.  Torreyi,  Olney. 

Groton  (C.  W.  Jenks) ;  Westford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Spot  Pond, 

Stoneham,  and    Sandy  Pond,  Littleton    (Win.  Boott) ;    Concord 

(C.  E.  Perkins). 
S.  lacustris,  L.     (S.  validus,  Vahl.,  Man.)    GREAT  BULRUSH. 

Generally  distributed. 
S.  debilis,  Pursh. 

Tewksbury  and  Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Winchester  and  Med- 
ford  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;    Newton  (C.  J.  Sprague) ;  Concord  (E.  S. 

Hoar). 
S.  supinus,L.,  var.  Hallii,  Gray. 

Winter  Pond,  Winchester  (E.  H.  Hitchings,  1878 ;  C.  W.  Jenks  and 

Dr.  C.  W.  Swan,  1884). 
S.  maritimus,  L.    SEA  CLUB-RUSH. 

Common  near  brackish  water. 
S.  sylvaticus,  L. 

Winchester  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Medford  and  Woburn  (Wm.  Boott) ; 

Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar). 
S.  Sylvaticus,  L.,  var.   digynus,  Boeckl.      (S.    microcarpus, 

Presl,  Man.) 

Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Medford  and  Woburn   (Wm.  Boott) ; 

Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins). 
S.  atrovirens,  Muhl. 

Ashby,  Lowell  and  Dracut   (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Belmont  (C.  E. 

Perkins) ;   Bedford  (C.  W.  Jenks) ;  Maiden  and  Medford   (F.  S. 

Collins).     Occasional. 
S.  Eriophorum,  Michx.    WOOL-GRASS. 

Common,  and  generally  distributed;    including    the   forms   var. 

cyperinus,   Gray;  Lowell,  Acton  and  Hopkinton  (Dr.  C.  W. 

Swan)  ;  and  var.  laxus,  Gray;  Lowell  and  Chelmsford  (Dr.  C.  W. 

Swan) . 

ERIOPHORUM,  L.    COTTON  GRASS. 
E.  alpinum,  L. 

Groton  (C.  W.  Jenks)  ;  Woburn  and  Arlington  (Wm.  Boott)  ;  Ash- 
land (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 


114  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


E.  vaginatum,  L. 

Maiden   (R.  Frohock) ;   Melrose  (H.  A.  Young) ;  Concord   (E.  S. 

Hoar) ;  Natick  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 
E.  Virginicum,  L. 

Common. 
E.  polystachyon,  L. 

Common. 

E.  gracile,  Koch. 

Reading  and  Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Bedford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ; 
Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar)  ;  Natick  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 

FlMBRISTYLIS,  Vahl. 

F.  autumnalis,  Roem.  &  Schult. 
Rather  common. 

F.  capillaris,  Gray. 
Common. 

RHYNCHOSPORA,  Vahl.    BEAK-RUSH. 

R.  f  usca,  Roem.  &  Schult. 

Groton  and  Westford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Cambridge  (Wm.  Boott)  ; 

Bedford  (C.  W.  Jenks)  ;  Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar).    Not  common. 
R.  alba,  Vahl. 

Frequent. 
R.  glomerata,  Vahl. 

Common. 

CLADIUM,  P.  Browne.    TWIG-RUSH. 

C.  mariscoides,  Torr. 

Groton,  Westford,  Winchester,  Ashland,  et  al.    Not  very  common. 

SCLERIA,  L.    NUT-RUSH. 

S.  triglomerata,  Michx. 

Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar;  specimen  in  herb.  of). 
S.  reticularis,  Michx. 
Winter  Pond,  Winchester  (Wm.  Boott,  C.  E.  Perkins,  et  al.) 

CAREX,  L.    SEDGE. 

C.  folliculata,  L. 

Common. 
C.  intumescens,  Rudge. 

Frequent. 
C.  lurida,  Wahl.  (C.  lupulina,  Muhl.,  Man.) 

Common. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  115 

C.  lurida,  Wahl.,  var.  polystachya,  Bailey. 

A  form  with  long  peduncles  (2^  in.)  and  oblong-cylindrical  spikes 

(2^  X  %  in.),  Chelmsford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Prof.  Bailey  states 

that  he  has  never  before  seen  this  variety  from  so  far  east. 
C.  oligosperma,  Michx. 

Concord,  abundant  in  cold  bogs  near  the  river   (Walter  Deane) ; 

Tewksbury  (Wm.  Boott) ;  Bedford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan). 
C.  rostrata,  With.,  var.  utriculata,  Bailey,  (C.  utriculata,  Boott, 

Man.) 

Common. 
C.  monile,  Tuck. 

Generally  distributed,  but  not  very  common.    In  a  singular  form 

found  near  the  Concord  river  at  Bedford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan),  the 

culm  itself  forms  by  continuation  the  axis  of  the  upper  fertile 

spike,  which,  in  the  specimens  at  hand,  is  surmounted,  or  not,  by 

a  solitary  and  sessile  staminate  spike. 
C.  Tuckermani,  Boott. 

Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar,  and  specimen  in  Thoreau  Herb.) 
C.  bullata,  Schk. 

Rather  common. 
C.  tentaculata,  Muhl. 

Very  common. 
C.  Pseudo-Cyperus,  L. 

Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan). 

C.  Pseudo-Cyperus,  L.,  var.  comosa,  Wm.  Boott,  (C.  comosa, 

Boott,  Man.) 

Rather  common. 
C.  scabrata,  Schw. 

Ashby   (Dr.  C.  W.   Swan) ;    Maiden    (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Concord, 

abundant  (Walter  Deane)  ;  Arlington  (Wm.  Boott). 
C.  vestita,  Willd. 

Frequent.    A  leafy  form  with  usually  three  fertile   spikes,  and 

lowest  bract  much  exceeding  the  culm,  occurs  at  Lowell  (Dr.  C. 

W.  Swan). 
C.  filiformis,  L. 

Common. 
C.  filiformis,  L.,  var.  latifolia,  Boeckl.    (C.  lanuginosa,  Michx., 

Man.) 

Common. 
C.  HIRTA,  L. 

Cambridge  (L.  H.  Bailey,  Jr.)  ;  Melrose  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Medford 

(Wm.  Boott)  ;  Ashland  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong).    Nat.  from  Eu. 


116  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 

C.  trichocarpa,  Muhl. 

Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar;  specimen  in  herb,  of)  ;  Ashland  (Rev.  Thos. 

Morong) . 
C.  riparia,  W.  Curtis. 

Maiden  (H.  A.  Young) ;  Medford  (F.  S.  Collins)  ;  Concord  Turn- 
pike (Wm.  Boott) ;  Cambridge  (L.  H.  Bailey,  Jr.) 
C.  Buxbaumii,  Wahl. 

Arlington,  Chelmsford,  Ashland,  et  al.    Not  very  common. 
C.  vulgaris,  Fries. 

Common. 
C.  aquatilis,  Wahl. 

Concord  (specimen  in  Thoreau  Herb.,  jfaZe  Walter  Deane). 
C.  Stricta,  Lam.,  (including  C.  stricta,  var.  strictior,  and  C.  angus- 

tata,  Boott,  Man.) 

Very  common. 
C.  stricta,  Lam.,  var.  decora,  Bailey,  (C.  aperta,  Boott,  Man.) 

Cambridge  (L.  H.  Bailey,  Jr.)  ;  Melrose  and  Ashland  (Rev.  Thos. 

Morong)  ;  Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar) ;  Belmont  and  Winchester  (Win. 

Boott) ;  Hopkinton  (F.  S.  Collins). 
C.  salina  X  stricta,  Bailey,  (C.  spiculosa,  Fries.  ?,  Wm.  Boott, 

Bot.  Gaz.,  IX.,  88). 

Salt  marshes,  Medford  and  Arlington  (Wm.  Boott;    Rev.  Thos. 

Morong). 
C.  lenticularis,  Michx. 

Lowell,  banks  of  the  Merrimack  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan). 
C.  prasina,  Wahl.     (C.  miliacea,  Muhl.,  Man.) 

Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Belmont  and  Arlington  (Wm.  Boott). 

C.  salina,  Wahl. 

Medford   (Rev.   Thos.  Morong;  Win.  Boott);    Arlington    (F.    S. 

Collins). 
C.  maritima,  Mueller. 

Medford   (Win.   Boott) ;    Cambridge  (Man.) ;    Arlington    (Edwin 

Faxon ;  specimen  in  herb,  of) .     Rare. 
C.  crinita,  Lam. 

Common. 
C.  crinita,  Lam.,  var.  gynandra,  Schw.  &  Torr.     (C.  gynandra, 

Schw.,  Man.) 

Ashby,  Lowell  and  Framingham  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Medford  and 

Woburn  (Wm.  Boott)  ;  Concord  (Horace  Mann,  1862). 
C.  limosa,  L. 

Long  Pond,  Tewksbury  (Wm.  Boott,  specimen  in  the  Boott  Herb.) 
C.  virescens,  Muhl. 

Common. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  117 

C.  arctata,  Boott. 

Ashby  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Maiden  (Wm. 

Boott). 
C.  debilis,  Michx. 

Common. 
C.  gracillima,  Schw. 

Lowell,  Acton,  Cambridge,  Newton,  et  al.    Not  uncommon. 
C.  f  lava,  L. 

Common. 
C.  CEderi,  Retz. 

Maiden  (H.  A.  Young)  ;  Medford  (Wm.  Boott). 
C.fulva,  Good. 

Tewksbury   (B.  D.   Greene,   specimen  in  herb.  B.  S.  N.  H.)    Not 

since  reported,  and  probably  adventive. 
*C.  Icevigata,  Smith. 

Tewksbury  (B.  D.  Greene).     Not  since  reported,  and  probably 

adventive. 
C.  pallescens,  L. 

Common;  including  the  form  with  wavy  sheaths  known  as  var. 

undulata,  Carey,  Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar). 
C.  conoidea,  Schk. 

Rather  common. 
C,  laxiflora,  Lam.,  var.  patulifolia,  Carey,  (var.  plantaginea, 

Boott,  Man.) 

Maiden  and  Hopkinton  (F.  S.  Collins)  ;  Medford  (Wm.  Boott). 

C.  laxiflora,  L.,  var.  intermedia,  Boott. 
Melrose  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong)  ;  Maiden  and  Medford  (Wm.  Boott)  ; 
Woburn  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Wakefield  (F.  S.  Collins). 

C.  laxiflora,  Lam.,  var.  striatula,  Carey,  (var.  blanda,  Boott, 
Man.) 

Cambridge  (L.  H.  Bailey,  Jr.);  Melrose  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong); 
Winchester  ("Wm.  Boott) ;  Maiden  and  Wakefield  (F.  S.  Collins). 
An  abnormal  form  with  enlarged  and  inflated  pergynia,  Wakefield, 
June  19,  1887  (F.  S.  Collins). 

C.  laxiflora,  Lam.,  var.  latifolia,  Boott. 

Acton  (Walter  Deane;  specimen  in  herb,  of);  Maiden  (Wm. 
Boott). 

It  is  doubtful  if  we  have  the  type,  which  is  thus  characterized; 
u  Perigynium  elliptic,  attenuated  at  the  apex,  not  prominently 
nerved;  beak  not  strongly  curved;  leaves  3  lines  or  less  broad; 
pistillate  spikes  an  inch  or  more  long,  narrow,  loosely  flowered, 
cylindrical ;  staminate  spike  long  peduncled."  Bailey,  Prel.  Syn- 
opsis N.  A.  Carices. 


118  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


C.  retrocurva,  Dew. 

Melrose  and  Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Cambridge  (L.  H.  Bailey, 
Jr.)  ;  Concord  (herb.  Thoreau,  fide  Walter  Deane)  ;  Belmont  (Wm. 
Boott). 

C.  digitalis,  Willd. 

Cambridge  (L.  H.  Bailey,  Jr.)  ;  Belmont  (Walter  Deane)  ;  Maiden 
and  Medford  (Wm.  Boott);  Wakefield  (F.  S.  Collins).  Not  very 
common. 

C.  platyphylla,  Carey. 
Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Cambridge  (L.  H.  Bailey,  Jr.) 

C.  PANICEA,  L. 

Cambridge  and  Concord  (Walter  Deane) ;  Maiden  and  Melrose  (H. 

A.  Young);    Watertown    (L.  H.  Bailey,  Jr.);    Reading   (C.    E. 
Perkins)  ;  Newton  (Wm.  Boott).    Nat.  from  Eu. 

C.  eburnea,  Boott. 

Reading  (W.  H.  Manning.)     Rare. 
C.  pedunculata,  Muhl. 

Woburn  (Wm.  Boott) ;  Fresh  Pond,  Cambridge.    Specimen  in  herb. 

B.  S.  N.  H. 

C.  Pennsylvanica,  Lam. 

Very  common. 
C.  varia,  Muhl. 

Ashby  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Melrose  and  Stoneham  (H.  A.  Young)  ; 

Medford  (Wm.  Boott) ;  *«var.  B.  minor,  Maiden  and  Spot  Pond," 

(herb.  Wm.  Boott). 

C.  Emmonsii,  Dew. 

Ashby  and  Waltham  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Maiden  (H.  A.  Young)  ; 

Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Wilmington  and  Melrose  (F.  S.  Collins). 
C.  umbellata,  Schk. 

Medford  and  Maiden  (Wm.  Boott). 
C.  PR^ECOX,  Jacq. 

Maiden  (H.  A.  Young).    Nat.  from  Eu. 
C.  Willdenovii,  Schk. 

Melrose  (Wm.  Boott)  ;  Waltham  list.    Specimen  in  the  Boott  Herb. 
C.  polytrichoides,  Muhl. 

Generally  distributed. 
C.  stipata,  Muhl. 

Common. 
C.  teretiuscula,  Good. 

Winchester,  Tewksbury,  and  Fresh  Pond,  Cambridge  (Wm.  Boott)  ; 

Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar).     Specimen  in  the  Boott  Herb. 
C.  vulpinoidea,  Michx. 

Common. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


C-  tenella,  Schk. 

Billerica  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;    Concord    (E.  S.    Hoar,   and    herb. 

Thoreau)  . 
C.  rosea,  Schk. 

Common. 
C.  rosea,  Schk.,  var.  radiata,  Dew.  (including  var.  minor,  Boott, 

Man).    Stoneham  (F.  S.  Collins).    Probably  not  uncommon. 
C.  rosea,  Schk.,  var.  retroflexa,  Torr.     (C.  retroflexa,  Muhl., 

Man.) 

Maiden  (H.  A.  Young)  ;  Melrose  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong)  ;  Concord 

(E.  S.  Hoar)  ;  Newton  (F.  S.  Collins)  ;  hills  about  Spot  Pond  (Wm. 

Boott)  .    Not  common. 

C.  MURICATA,  L. 

Somerville  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Concord  (herb.  Thoreau)  ;  Medford 
(F.  S.  Collins)  ;  Arlington  (Wm.  Boott).    Nat.  from  Eu. 

C.  sparganioides,  Muhl. 

Melrose  (H.  A.  Young)  ;   Winchester  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;   Concord 

(E.  S.  Hoar)  ;  Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins).    Not  common. 
C.  Muhlenbergii,  Schk. 

Rather  common. 
C.  cephalophora,  Muhl. 

Not  uncommon. 
C.  exilis,  Dew. 

Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar);  Tewksbury  (F.  Boott;  specimen  in  herb. 

B.  S.  N.  H.)  ;  Lexington  (C.  E.  Faxon)  ;  et  al.    Not  very  common. 
C.  echinata,  Murr.,  var.  microstachys,  Boeckl.  (including  C. 

sterilis,  Willd.,  C.  stellulata,  L.,  var.  angustata,  Carey,  and  var. 

scirpoides,  Carey,  Man.) 

C.  canescens,  L. 

Common. 
C.  canescens,  L.,  var.  polystachya,  Boott. 

Ashland  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong;  specimen  in  herb.  of). 
C.  canescens,  L.,  var.  vulgaris,  Bailey,  (var.  alpicola,  Bailey, 

Synopsis,  in  part.) 

Cambridge  (W.  Deane;  specimen  in  herb.  of). 

*4  Differs  from  the  species  in  its  more  slender  culm  and  laxer  habit, 

its  small  spikes,  and  usually  smaller  and  spreading  perigynia. 

Typical  C.  canescens  is  a  stout  plant,  with  compact  spikes,  one- 

fourth  or  three-eighths  inch  long.    Both  the  species  and  this  variety 

are  characterized  by  a  silvery  color  of  the  spikes."    Bailey,  Bot. 

Gaz.,  XIII.,  86. 
C.  trisperma,  Dew. 

Not  uncommon. 


120  MIDDLESEX   FLOKA. 

C.  bromoides,  Schk. 

Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Belmont  (Wm.  Boott). 
C.  Deweyana,  Schw. 

Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar;  specimen  in  herb.  of). 
C.  siccata,  Dew. 

Lowell,  Groton,  Newton,  Arlington,  et  al.    Not  uncommon. 
C.  tribuloides,  Wahl.    (C.  lagopodioides,  Schk.,  Man.) 

Common. 
C.  tribuloides,  Wahl.,  var.  cristata,  Bailey,  (C.  cristata,  Schw., 

Man.) 

Ashland  and  Natick  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong) ;  Belmont  ( Wm.  Boott) . 

Specimen  in  the  Boott  Herb. 

C.  tribuloides,  Wahl.,  var.  reducta,  Bailey. 
Waverly  (L.  H.  Bailey,  Jr. ;  specimen  in  herb.  of). 
"Culm  slender,  especially  above,   where  it  surpasses    the  long- 
pointed  and  lax  leaves :  spikes  two  to  ten,  small,  nearly  globular 
(usually  less  than  three  lines  in  diameter),  all  distinct,  the  lowest 
separated,  mostly  bright  straw  or  rust  color,  the  points  of  the  spread- 
ing perigynium  conspicuous."    Bailey,  Prel.  Syn.  N".  A.  Carices. 

C.  scoparia,  Schk. 
Common. 

C.  adusta,  Boott. 

Ashland,  abundant  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong) ;  Maiden,  Medford  and 
Newton  (Wm.  Boott).    Specimen  in  the  Boott  Herb. 

C.  Straminea,  Schk.  (including  vars.  festucacea,  Boott,  hyalina 
and  typica,  Gray,  and  C.  foenea,  var.  (?)  ferruginea,  Gray,  Man.) 
Common. 

C.  Straminea,  Schk.,  var.   mirabilis,  Tuck.    (C.  cristata,  var. 

mirabilis,  Gray,  Man.) 

Wilmington    (F.    S.  Collins);    Cambridge    (L.  H.  Bailey,    Jr.); 

Medford,  common  (Wm.  Boott)  ;  Acton  ( Walter  Deane). 
C.  Straminea,  Schk.,  var.  alata,  Bailey,  (C.  alata,  Torr.,  Man.) 

Chelmsford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Cambridge  (Walter  Deane)  ;  Ash- 
land (Rev.  Thos.  Morong).    JSTot  common. 
C.  Straminea,  Schk.,  var.   foenea,  Torr.      (C.  fceuea,  Willd., 

Man.) 

Maiden,  Medford  and  Stoneham  (Wm.  Boott). 
C.    Straminea,  Schk.,  var.  moniliformis,  Tuck.     (C.  fcenea, 

Willd.,  var.  (?)  sabulonuin,  Gray,  Man.) 

Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins). 
C.  Straminea,  Schk.,  var.  aperta,  Boott. 

Cambridge,    common    (L.    H.    Bailey,  Jr.);    Watertown   (C.  E. 

Perkins)  ;  Arlington  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  Medford  (Wm.  Boott). 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  121 

C.  straminea,  Schk.,  var.  invisa,  Wm.  Boott. 
Mystic  Pond,   Winchester   (L.   H.  Bailey,  Jr.);   Medford   (Wm. 
Boott)  ;  Medford  "  a  form  which  is  almost  var.  invisa,"  fide  Bailey, 
(F.  S.  Collins). 

C.  straminea,  Schk.,  var. ? 

"A    singular   form   with   which   I    am   not  acquainted,"  L.  H. 
Bailey,  Jr.     Wilmington,  June  15,  1887  (F.  S.  Collins). 

Culms  about  2  feet  high,  rather  slender,  smooth,  roughish  at  top, 
considerably  exceeding  the  few  (3  to  5)  narrowly  linear  (2"  wide, 
6'  to  10'  long),  taper-pointed,  scabrous-edged  leaves;  spikes  3-5, 
nearly  globular  (3"),  the  upper  contiguous  or  distinct,  the  low- 
est sometimes  rather  remote,  the  uppermost  (5"  long)  abruptly  and 
conspicuously  contracted  at  the  long,  staminate  base,  the  others 
little  or  not  at  all  contracted ;  perigynia  spreading,  from  lanceolate 
to  rather  broadly  ovate,  roundish  or  somewhat  pointed  at  base, 
moderately  wing-margined,  distinctly  several-nerved  on  each  side, 
gradually  tapering  from  the  middle  to  the  slightly  bifid  apex  of 
the  rough-margined  beak,  a  third  longer  than  the  scarious  light- 
brown  ovate  obtuse  or  blunt-pointed  scale;  achenium  shining, 
elliptic-ovate,  long-apiculate  below  the  green  style,  abruptly  con- 
tracted at  the  sessile  base.  Spikes  pale-green  and  brownish. 
Bracts  short  and  filiform,  or  absent.  Sheaths  smooth. 


GRAMINE/E.    GRASS  FAMILY. 

PASPALUM,  L. 

P.  setaceum,  Michx. 

Common. 

PANICUM,  L.    PANIC  GRASS. 

P.  filiforme,  L. 

Generally  distributed,  but  not  common. 
P.  GLABRUM,  Gaudin. 
Not  uncommon.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

P.  SANGUINALE,  L.      CRAB  GRASS.      FlNGER  GRASS. 

Common  in  cultivated  and  waste  ground.    Nat.  from  Eu. 
P.  agrostoides,  Spr. 

Frequent. 
P.  proliferum,  Lam. 

Westf ord  and  Bedford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Waltham  List ;  Concord 

(E.  S.  Hoar)  ;  Maiden  and  Medford  (F.  S.  Collins). 
P.  capillare,  L.    OLD-WITCH  GRASS. 

Common. 


122  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


P.  virgatum,  L. 

Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar)  ;  and  common  near  salt  water. 

P.  latifolium,  L. 

Not  uncommon. 

P.  clandestinum,  L. 

Townsend,  Lowell,  Medford,  Concord,  et  al.    Not  uncommon. 

P.  viscidum,  Ell. 
Arlington,  Aug.  31,  1881  (C.  E.  Perkins). 

P.  scoparium,  Lam.     (P.  pauciflorum,  Ell.,  Man.) 
Chelmsford   (Dr.  C.   W.  Swan) ;  Reading  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Wal- 
tham,  abundant  ( Walter  Deane) ;  Wakefleld  (F.  S.  Collins). 

P.  dichotomum,  L. 

Dr.  C.'W.  Swan,  who  has  made  a  special  study  of  this    perplexing 

species  (or  group  of  species),  has  kindly  contributed  the  result  of 

his  investigations  of  the  county  forms. 
"The   following  are  the  principal  forms  found  within  the  county 

limits,  some  of  them  being  considered  distinct  species : 
a.    Low,  tufted,  spreading,  slender,  geniculate,  branching,   hairy, 

with  small,  simple  little-stalked  or  partly  sheathed  panicles,  and  small 

diffuse spikelets.  (P.  dichotomum, L., P.  nodiflorum, Lam.)  Common. 
6.     Similar  but  taller,  more  upright,  less  branched;  panicles  more 

stalked.    Forms  of  a.,  and  approaching  c.  and/.    Common. 

c.  Slender,  tufted,  light  green,  growing  in  woods,  with  spreading, 
narrow,  tapering  leaves,  nearly  straight  culms,  simple  short-stalked 
panicles,  and  small  scattered  spikelets;   nearly  smooth,  but  the 
lower  nodes  sometimes  annular! y  bearded.    Not  uncommon. 

d.  Densely  tufted,  hairy,  with  straight  culms,   numerous  narrow 
erect  leaves,  small  panicles,  with  sheathed  stalks  and  small  scattered 
spikelets.      Wilmington    and   Maiden    (F.    S.  Collins).      Also    at 
Gloucester. 

e.  Larger,  hairy,  with  wider,  more  spreading  leaves  and  larger  pani- 
cles, growing  in  rich  soil.     Wilmington  (F.  S.  Collins.) 

/.  Tall,  erect,  little  tufted,  stoutish  or  sometimes  rather  slender, 
smooth,  with  spreading  or  ascending  leaves,  long-stalked  panicles 
numerously  flowered,  the  spikelets  larger,  about  a  line  in  length, 
obovate,  elliptical,  and  extending  well  down  upon  the  rather  virgate 
branches.  Not  infrequent  in  rather  moist  soil. 

g.  A  well  marked,  stoutish,  thick-leaved  form  of  f,  with  nodes 
strongly  and  conspicuously  bearded,  but  otherwise  smooth,  has 
not  been  reported  from  the  county,  but  should  be  looked  for. 
Specimens  have  been  received  from  Nantucket  and  New  Jersey. 

h.  A  large  form  of  /,  with  largest  leaves  4£  inches  by  5  lines. 
In  moist  soil  at  Wilmington  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan). 


MIDDLESEX    FLOKA.  123 


i.  A  form  of  /,  with  very  narrow,  slender-pointed  leaves,  rather 
small  spikelets,  long-stalked  panicles  and  smooth  foliage.  Bear's 
Den  Road,  Middlesex  Fells  (F.  S.  Collins). 

j.  A  form  received  from  Nantucket,  but  not  reported  in  the  county, 
is  moderately  tufted,  slender,  straight,  with  few  erect,  thick,  very 
rough-edged,  short  and  short  pointed  leaves,  ciliate  near  the  base 
with  few  long  hairs,  the  sheaths  pubescent  on  the  margins,  the 
panicles  small  and  long  stalked,  the  spikelets  small,  obovate  and 
scattered,  of  stoutish  aspect  from  the  wide  sheaths  and  rigid 
leaves.  It  is  entered  here  that  it  may  be  looked  for.  Possibly 
a  different  species. 

P.  dichotoinum  having  never  been  thoroughly  worked  up, 
provisional  names  are  omitted,  as  possibly  misleading  attempts  at 
adaptations  to  forms  described  merely  as  presented  by  the 
county  collections." 

P.  depauperatum,  Muhl. 
Maiden,  Winchester,  Waltham,  Concord,  et  al.    Not  very  common. 

P.  CRUS-GALLI,  L.    BARNYARD  GRASS. 
Very  common.     Nat.  from  Eu. 

P.  CRUS-GALLI,  L.,  var.  HISPIDUM,  Gray. 

Waltham  List;  Medford  (F.  S.  Collins).     Scarce.    Possibly  native. 

P.  miliaceum,  L.    BIRD  MILLET. 

Lowell,  "  dumps  "  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Maiden,  Cambridge  and  Med- 
ford (F.  S.  Collins).  Adv.  from  Eu. 

A  coarse,  stout  grass,  1-3  feet  high,  with  hirsute  leaves  and  sheaths, 
swollen  nodes,  large,  open,  nodding  panicles,  large,  ovate,  solitary 
spikelets,  becoming  yellow  in  ripening;  glumes  pointed,  subequal. 


SETARIA,  Beauv. 

S.  verticillata,  Beauv. 

Cambridge,  growing  wild  in  a  garden,  1883  (Walter  Deane ;  speci- 
men in  herb,  of)  ;  Waltham  List.  Adv.  from  Eu. 

S.  GLAUCA,  Beauv.    FOXTAIL.    PIGEON  GRASS. 
Not  uncommon.     Nat.  from  Eu. 

S.  VIRIDIS,  Beauv.    GREEN  FOXTAIL.  GREEN  PIGEON  GRASS.  WILD 
TIMOTHY.    BOTTLE  GRASS. 
Frequent  in  waste  places.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

S.  ITALICA,  Kunth.    HUNGARIAN  GRASS.    GERMAN  MILLET.    BEN- 
GAL GRASS. 

Lowell,  Westford,  Medford,  et  al.  Forms  widely  differing  in  size 
and  appearance  are  referred  by  the  best  authorities  to  this  species. 
Nat.  from  Eu. 


124  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


CENCHRUS,  L. 

C.  tribuloides,  L.    HEDGEHOG  GRASS.    BUR  GRASS. 
Dracut  and  Chelmsford,  in  the  vicinity  of  woollen  mills  (Dr.  C. 
W.  Swan).    Possibly  introduced  here,  though  it  is  native  in  this 
region. 

SPARTINA,  Schreb. 

S.  cynosuroides,  Willd.    FRESH-WATER  CORD  GRASS. 

Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;   Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar) ;  and  common 

near  salt  water. 
S.  juncea,  Willd.    RUSH  SALT  GRASS. 

Common  near  salt  water. 
S.  stricta,  Roth,  var.  glabra,  Gray.    SALT  MARSH  GRASS. 

Common  near  salt  water. 
S.  stricta,  Roth,  var.  alternif  lora,  Gray. 

Medford  (Miss  A.  M.  Symmes)  ;  Cambridge  (C.  E.  Perkins). 

ZlZANIA,  L. 

Z.  aquatica,  L.    INDIAN  RICE.    WATER  OATS. 

Not  uncommon. 

LEERSIA,  Sol. 

L.  Virginica,  Willd.    WHITE  GRASS. 

Tewksbury  and  Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Belmont  and  Medford 
(C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Waltham  List.  Damp  woods ;  not  common. 

L.  oryzoides,  Sw.    RICE  CUT  GRASS. 
Common. 

ANDROPOGON,  L.    BEARD  GRASS. 

A.  provincialis,  Lam.    (A.  furcatus,  Muhl.,  Man.) 

Not  uncommon. 
A.  scoparius,  Michx. 

Common  in  dry  places. 
*A.  dissitiflorus,  Michx.     (A.  Virginicus,  L.,  Man.) 

Waltham  List;  also  reported  in  the  county,  but  without  precise 

location,  by  H.  A.  Young.    Rare. 

CHRYSOPOGON,  Trin. 

C.  nutans,    Benth.      (Sorghum   nutans,    Gray,    Man.)      INDIAN 
GRASS.    WOOD  GRASS. 
Occasional. 

PHALARIS,  L. 

P.  Canariensis,  L.    CANARY  GRASS. 

Not  uncommon  in  waste  places.  It  yields  the  Canary  seed,  and  its 
constant  recurrence  in  waste  heaps  is  thus  accounted  for.  Adv. 
from  Eu. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  125 

P.  arundinacea,  L.    REED  CANARY  GRASS. 
Lowell,  Concord,  Maiden,  Natick,  et  al.    Not  uncommon. 
The  form  known  as  var.  picta,  Gray,  the  RIBBON  GRASS  of  the 
gardens,  occurs  at  Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  and  elsewhere.    It  is 
abundantly  naturalized  in  the  Medford  locality,  but  shows  a  tend- 
ency to  revert  to  the  type,  of  which  it  is  probably  a  form  rather 
than  a  variety. 

ANTHOXANTHUM,  L. 

A.  ODORATUM,  L.    SWEET  VERNAL  GRASS. 
Rather  common.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

HIEROCHLOA,  Gmel. 

H.  borealis,  Roem.  &  Schult.  VANILLA  GRASS.  SENECA  GRASS. 
Maiden  (R.  Frohock) ;  Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Concord  (E.  S. 
Hoar).  Not  common.  The  long  summer  leaves  of  this  early 
flowering,  fragrant  grass,  are  used  in  small  basket  work. 

ALOPECURUS,  L. 

A.  PRATENSIS,  L.    MEADOW  FOXTAIL. 
Common.     Nat.  from  Eu. 

A.  GENICULATUS,  L.      FLOATING  FOXTAIL. 

Somerville,  Waltham,  Concord,  et  al.    Not  common.    Nat.  from 
Eu. 

A.  geniculatus,  L.,  var.  aristulatus,  Munro.     (A.  aristulatus, 
Michx.,  Man.)    WILD  FOXTAIL. 
Medford  (R.  Frohock)  ;  Fresh  Pond,  Cambridge  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan). 

A.  agrestis,  L. 

Lowell,  "  dumps  "  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Adv.  from  Eu. 
"Culms  erect,  roughish  above;  panicle  spike-like,  cylindrical,  nar- 
rowed at  each  end,  its  branches  bearing  1-2  spikelets;  empty 
glumes  adnate  the  lower  half,  the  slightly  winged  keel  short  ciliate. 
Annual."  Koch.,  Taschenb.  d.  Deutsch.  &  Schw.  PI.  Awn  arising 
near  the  base  of  the  flowering  glume  and  twice  its  length. 

ARISTIDA,  L. 

A.  dichotoma,  Michx.    POVERTY  GRASS. 

Maiden,  Winchester,  Newton,  et  al.    Not  uncommon. 
A.  gracilis,  Ell. 

Lowell  and  Winchester  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Waltham  List;  Concord 

(E.  S.  Hoar) ;  Medford  (Wm.  Boott). 
A.  purpurascens,  Poir. 

Medford,  Concord,  Framingham,  Waltham,  et  al.    Not  common. 


126  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 

STIPA,  L. 

S.  avenacea,  L.    BLACK  OAT  GRASS. 

Medford  (Wm.  Boott) ;   Maiden  (R.  Frohock) ;  Wakefield  (F.  S. 
Collins).    Scarce. 

ORYZOPSIS,  Michx.    MOUNTAIN  RICE. 

O.  melanocarpa,  Muhl. 

Melrose  (Wm.  Boott;  specimen  in  herb.  of).    Rare. 
O.  asperifolia,  Michx. 

Melrose  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Winchester  (Wm.  Boott)  ;  Wilmington 

(F.  S.  Collins).     Scarce. 
O.  Canadensis,  Torr. 

Chelmsford,  Woburn,  Concord,  Sudbury,  et  al.    Not  common. 

MUHLENBERGIA,  Schreb.    DROP-SEED  GRASS. 

M.  sobolifera,  Trin. 

Medford  and  Winchester   ( Wm.   Boott ;    specimen  in   herb,   of) ; 

Waltham  (B.  D.  Greene).    Not  common. 
M.  glomerata,  Trin. 

Woburn  and  Bedford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar) ; 

Tewksbury  and  Belmont  (Wm.  Boott).    Not  common. 
M.  Mexicana,  Trin. 

Rather  common. 
M,  sylvatica,  Torr.  &  Gray. 

Maiden,  Arlington,  Tewksbury,  Dracut,  et  al. 
M.  Willdenovii,  Trin. 

Lowell,  Tewksbury,  Dracut  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan);  Melrose,  rare  (H. 

A.  Young)  ;  Waltham  List;  Newton  (Wm.  Boott). 

BRACHYELYTRUM,  Beauv. 

B.  aristatum,  Beauv. 
Ashby,  Lowell,  Framingham,  Concord,  et  al.    Not  uncommon. 

PHLEUM,  L. 

P.  PRATENSE,  L.    TIMOTHY.    HERDS'  GRASS. 
Common.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

SPOROBOLUS,  R.  Br. 

S.  cryptandrus,  Gray. 

Lowell  and  Dracut  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Winchester  (C.  E.  Perkins). 

Scarce. 
S.  serotinus,  Gray. 

Common  in  low  meadows. 
S.  asper,  Kunth.     (Vilfa  aspera,  Beauv.,  Man.) 

Somerville  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Medford  (F.  S.  Collins). 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  127 

S.  vaginaeflorus,  Vasey.     (Vilfa  vaginaeflora,  Torr.,  Man.) 
Not  uncommon. 

AGROSTIS,  L. 

A.  perennans,  Tuck.    THIN  GRASS. 

Lowell  and  Hopkinton  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Maiden  (K.  Frohock) ; 

Winchester  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar). 
A.  scabra,  Willd.    HAIR  GRASS. 

Common. 
A.  canina,  L.    BROWN  BENT  GRASS. 

Medford  (Miss  A.  M.  Symmes) ;  Woburn  (Wm.  Boott)  ;  Concord 

(E.  S.  Hoar).     Not  common. 
A.  ALBA,  L.    WHITE  BENT  GRASS. 

Common.    Naturalized  here,  but  native  farther  north  and  west. 
A.  ALBA,  L.,  var.  VULGARIS,  Thurb.  (A.  vulgaris,  With.,  Man.)  RED- 
TOP. 

Common.    Nat.  here,  like  the  type. 

POLYPOGON,  Desf. 
P.  Monspeliensis,  Desf.    BEARD  GRASS. 

Lowell,  Billerica  and  Dracut  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  N.  Chelmsford 

(Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott) ;  near  woollen  mills.    Adv.  from  Eu. 

ClNNA,  L. 

C.  arundinacea,  L.    WOOD  REED  GRASS. 
Concord,  Westford,  Arlington,  et  al.     Occasional. 

C.  pendula,  Trin.     (G.  arundinacea,  L.,  var.  pendula,  Gray,  Man.) 
Ashby  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Waltham  List. 

GASTRIDIUM,  Beauv. 
G.  australe,  Beauv. 

Lowell  and  Billerica,  in  wool  waste  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Native  of 
Eu.,  but  probably  adv.  here  from  Cal.,  where  it  is  naturalized. 
"Panicle  contracted  into  a  somewhat  loose,  tapering  spike, 
spikelets  1-flowered.  Glumes  with  an  enlarged,  ventricose,  shining 
base,  very  acute  above,  obscurely  keeled,  the  lower  longer.  Floret 
less  than  one-fourth  the  length  of  the  lower  glume,  having  a  very 
short  callus,  which  is  clothed  with  minute  hairs.  Lower  palet  very 
thin,  truncate  and  dentate  at  apex,  just  below  which  is  a  very 
slender  awn,  equalling  or  exceeding  the  glumes  (or  sometimes 
absent) ;  upper  palet  equalling  the  lower.  Scales  two,  linear,  as 
long  as  the  ovary."  Bot.  Cal. 

DEYEUXIA,  Clarion. 

D.  Canadensis,  Hook.   (Calamagrostis  Canadensis,  Beauv., Man.) 
BLUE  JOINT  GRASS. 

Common. 


128  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


D.  Nuttalliana,  Vasey.     (Calamagrostis  Nuttalliana,  Steud.,Man.) 
Frequent. 

DESCHAMPSIA,  Beauv. 

D.  flexuosa,  Griseb.    (Aira  flexuosa,  L.,  Man.)    HAIR  GRASS. 

Frequent. 
D.  ceespitosa,  Beauv.    (Aira  caespitosa,  L.,  Man.)    TUFTED  HAIR 

GRASS. 

Lowell  and  Chelmsf ord  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) . 

HOLCUS,  L. 

H.  LANATUS,  L.    VELVET  GRASS. 
Rather  common.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

AVENA,  L. 

A.  striata,  Michx.    PURPLE  WILD  OAT. 

Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar;  specimen  in  herb.  of). 
A.  sativa,  L.    COMMON  OAT. 

Frequently  escaped  by  roadsides  and  in  waste  places.    Adv.  from 

Eu. 

ARRHENATHERUM,  Beauv. 

A.  AVENACEUM,  Beauv.    TALL  OAT  GRASS. 

Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar);  Waltham  List;  Medford  (L.  L.  Dame). 
Nat.  from  Eu. 

DANTHONIA,  DC. 

D.  spicata,  Beauv.    WILD  OAT  GRASS. 
Common. 

D.  compressa,  Austin.    MOUNTAIN  OAT  GRASS. 
Not  uncommon. 

"  Differs  from  D.  spicata  in  forming  a  compact  sod,  by  having 
more  numerous  and  larger  leaves,  by  a  larger,  longer  and  spreading 
panicle,  and  by  the  longer,  more  slender  awn-pointed  teeth  of  the 
flowering  glumes."  Vasey,  Ag.  Grasses  of  the  U.  S. 

ELEUSINE,  Gaertn. 

E.  Indica,  Gaertn.    DOG'S  TAIL  GRASS.    WIRE  GRASS. 

Lowell,  "dumps"  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Maiden,  near  mill  (F.  S. 
Collins).  Here  probably  adventive  from  the  South,  where  it  is 
naturalized  from  India. 

LEPTOCHLOA,  Beauv. 

L.  mucronata,  Kunth. 

Lowell  "dumps"  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan);  Maiden,  Goulding's  Mill  (F. 
S.  Collins).  Adv.  from  the  West. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  129 


DIPLACHNE,  Beauv. 

D.  imbricata,  Scribn. 

Billerica,  near  woollen  mills  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Adv.  from  the 
West. 

"Habit  somewhat  that  of  D.  fascicularis,  but  the  spikes  are  much 
narrower,  the  spikelets  being  smaller,  closely  appressed  and  over- 
lapping. In  the  shape  of  the  lower  palet  they  are  very  distinct ; 
in  place  of  the  acute  teeth  and  manifest  awn  of  the  other,  the  teeth 
in  this  are  minute  and  blunt,  and  the  midnerve  produced  only  as  a 
mere  point."  Bot.  Cal. 

TRIPLASIS,  Beauv. 

T.  purpurea,  Chapm.     (Tricuspis  purpurea,  Gray,  Man.)    SAND 
GRASS. 

Winchester  (C.  E.  Perkins). 

PHRAGMITES,  Trin. 

P.  communis,  Trin.    KEED. 

Belmont  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Cambridge  (Bigelow's  PI.  Bost.)  ;  Con- 
cord (E.  S.  Hoar).  Not  common. 

EATONIA,  Eaf. 

E.  Obtusata,  Gray. 

Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar;  specimen  in  herb,  of)  ;  Watertown  (Bigelow's 
Fl.  Bost.,  under  Aira  truncata,  Muhl.) 
E.  Pennsylvanica,  Gray. 

Medford  and  Maiden  (Wm.  Boott;  specimen  in  herb,  of)  ;  Concord 
(E.  S.  Hoar).  Not  common. 

ERAGROSTIS,  Beauv. 

E.  major,  Host.     (E.  poseoides,  Beauv.,  var.   megastachya,   Gray, 

Man.) 

Lowell,  "  dumps  "  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;   Maiden   (H.  A.  Young) ; 

Cambridge  (P.  S.  Collins).    Nat.  from  Eu.  in  some  parts  of  the 

U.  S.,  but  adv.  in  the  county. 
E.  minor,  Host.     (E.  poaeoides,  Beauv.,  Man.) 

Lowell,  "dumps; "  Westford,  woollen  mill  yard  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan). 

Introduced  with  the  preceding. 
E.  pilosa,  Beauv. 

Lowell,  "  dump  "  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Medford  (Wm.  Boott).    Adv. 

from  Eu. 
E.  PursMi,  Schrad. 

Lowell,  near  cotton  waste  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Adv.  from  the  South. 
E.  capillaris,  Nees. 

Not  uncommon. 


130  MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


E.  pectinacea,  Gray. 

Beading  (R.  Frohock)  ;  Medford   (Miss  A.  M.  Symmes)  ;  Waltham 

List;  Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar). 
E.  pectinacea,  Gray,  var.  spectabilis,  Gray. 

Not  uncommon. 

DISTICHLYS,  Raf. 

D.  maritima,  Raf.    (Brizopyrum  spicatum,  Hook.,  Man.)    SPIKE 
GRASS.    Salt  marshes ;  common. 

DACTYLIS,  L. 

D.  GLOMERATA,  L.   ORCHARD  GRASS. 

Common,  cultivated  and  spontaneous.    Nat.  from  Eu.    A  variety 
with  downy  spikelets  at  Medford  (Wm.  Boott). 

BRIZA,  L. 

B.  MEDIA,  L.    QUAKING  GRASS. 

Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar;  specimen  in  herb,  of)  ;  Maiden,  Melrose  and 
Medford  (H.  A.  Young).    Scarce.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

POA,  L. 

P.  annua,  L.    Low  SPEAR  GRASS. 

Common. 
P.  compressa,  L.  WIRE  GRASS. 

Common. 
P.  serotina,  Ehrh.  FALSE  RED-TOP.  FOWL  MEADOW  GRASS. 

Common. 
P.  pratensis,  L.  MEADOW  GRASS.  KENTUCKY  BLUE  GRASS. 

Very  common. 

P.  TRIVIALIS,  L.      ROUGHISH  MEADOW  GRASS. 

Medford  and  Tewksbury   (Wm.   Boott);  Concord  (E.   S.  Hoar). 
Specimen  in  the  Boott  Herb.    Nat.  from  Eu. 
P.  alsodes,  Gray. 

Cambridge  (Walter  Deane) ;  Maiden  and  Newton  (Wm.  Boott) ; 
Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins).    Not  common. 

GLYCERIA,  R.  Br. 

G.  Canadensis,  Trin.    RATTLESNAKE  GRASS. 

Common. 
G.  Obtusa,  Trin. 

Common. 
G.  nervata,  Trin.  FOWL  MEADOW  GRASS  (in  part). 

Common. 
G.  pallida,  Trin. 

Tewksbury,  Waltham,  Stoneham,  et  al.    Not  very  common. 


MIDDLESEX    FLOKA.  131 

G.  arundinacea,  Kunth.      (G.  aquatica,   Smith,  Man.)     REED 

MEADOW  GRASS. 

Somerville   (C.  E.  Perkins);   Medford    (Miss   A.  M.   Symmes) ; 

Waltham  List. 
G.  fluitans,  R.  Br. 

Maiden,  Cambridge,  Concord,  et  al.    Not  uncommon. 
G.  acutiflora,  Torr. 

Medford  (Wm.  Boott) ;  Maiden  (C.  E.  Perkins) ;  Cambridge  (Dr. 

C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Waltham  List;  Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar). 
G.  maritima,  Wahl.    SEA  SPEAR  GRASS. 

Cambridge  (Bigelow's  Fl.  Bost.)  ;  Maiden  (H.  A.  Young)  ;  Somer- 
ville (C.  E.  Perkins). 
G.  distans,  Wahl. 

Somerville  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Maiden  (Wm.  Boott). 

FESTUCA,  L. 

F.  Myurus,  L. 

N.  Chelmsford,  wool  waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott) ;  Billerica,  wool 
waste  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).     Adv.  from  Eu. 

F.  tenella,  Willd. 
Medford,  Chelmsf ord,  Winchester,  et  al.    Not  common. 

F.  OVINA,  L.    SHEEP'S  FESCUE. 
Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins). 

F.  OVINA,  L.,  var.  GLAUCA. 

Reading,  introduced  and  becoming  common  (W.   H.   Manning). 
Nat.  from  Eu.      Leaves  thicker  and  bluish-green. 

F.  DURIUSCULA,  L.     (F.  ovina,  L.,  var.  duriuscula,  Gray,  Man.) 
Not  uncommon. 

F.  RTJBRA,  L.  ?     (F.  ovina,  L.,  var  rubra,  Gray,  Man.) 
There  are  in  the  county  certain  forms  with  short  running  root- 
stocks  which  ought  probably  to  be  referred  to  this  species. 

F.  varia,  Haenk.,  \ar.flavescens.  (F.  flavescens,  Bellard). 
Chelmsford,  July  3,  1883  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Adv.  from  Eu. 
"  Panicle  narrow,  contracted,  except  during  anthesis ;  its  branches 
single  or  in  pairs ;  spikelets5-8  flowered;  flowering  glume  obscurely 
5-nerved,  gradually  tapering  above  the  middle,  short-awned  or  awn- 
less  ;  ovary  bearded  at  the  top ;  leaves  involute,  thread-form, 
roundish;  ligule  oblong;  roots  fibrous,  without  runners.  Leaves 
grass-  or  bluish-green.  S  pikelets  variegated  with  white,  green 
and  purple ;  ligules  either  obtuse  or  acute ;  var.  flavescens :  spike- 
lets  pale  and  much  less  variegated."  Koch,  Taschenb.  d.  Deutsch. 
&  Schw.  Fl.  Might  be  taken  for  a  form  of  F.  rubra,  L. 

F.  ELATIOR,  L. 

Reading  (W.  H.  Manning)  ;  et  al. 


132  MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


F.  ELATIOR,  L.,  var.  GENTJINA,  Hack. 
Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins). 

F.  ELATIOR,  L.,  subsp.  PRATENSIS,  Hack.    (F.  pratensis,  Huds.) 
Maiden,  Medf  ord,  et  al. 

These,  in  one  form  or  another,  are  common,  introduced  and  culti- 
vated grasses.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

F.  nutans,  Willd. 
Melrose  (H.  A.  Young).     Bare. 

BROMUS,  L. 

B.  SECALINUS,  L.    CHEAT.    CHESS. 
Not  uncommon.    Nat.  from  Eu. 

B.  racemosus,  L.    UPRIGHT  CHESS. 

Melrose  (R.  Frohock)  ;  Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins)  ;  Cambridge  (Walter 
Deane).  In  cultivated  grounds,  etc.  Adv.  from  Eu. 

B.  mollis,  L.    SOFT  CHESS. 

Billerica  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan);  Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins).  Adv.  from 
Eu. 

B.  Kalmii,  Gray.    WILD  CHESS. 
Medf  ord  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Waltham  List;  Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar). 

B.  ciliatus,  L. 
Frequent. 

B.  rubens,  L. 

Billerica,  in  wool  waste  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Adv.  in  wool  from 
Cal.  A  native  of  Eu. 

"  Culms  densely  tufted,  6  to  9  inches  high,  and,  with  the  narrowly 
linear  leaves  and  sheaths,  pale  green  and  densely  soft-pubescent ; 
panicle  ovate,  2  to  3  in.  long,  with  very  short,  erect  branches,  thickened 
upwards  and  rough  pubescent;  spikelets  about  6-flowered,  an  inch 
long:,  including  awns,  more  or  less  purplish;  upper  glume  one- 
third  the  longer,  and  about  one-fourth  shorter  than  its  floret ;  lower 
palet,  like  the  glumes,  rather  coarsely  pubescent,  7  lines  long  and 
7-nerved,  the  intermediate  nerves  less  distinct,  terminating  in  two 
very  acute  hyaline  teeth  nearly  two  lines  long,  the  awn  rather 
longer  than  the  palet ;  upper  palet  with  long  weak  hairs ;  root  fibres 
pubescent.''  Bot.  Cal. 

B.  TECTORUM,  L. 

Rather  common,  especially  near  railroads,  in  the  eastern  part  of 
the  county.  Nat.  from  Eu. 

B.  sterilis,  L. 

Winchester  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  Billerica,  with  wool  waste  from  Cal. 
(Dr.  C.  W.  Swan);  Medf  ord  (Miss  A.  M.  Symmes).  Adv.  from 
Eu. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  133 

J?.  maximus,  Desf. 

Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins).    Adv.  from  Eu. 

"The  spikelets  in  the  three  last  preceding  species  are  broader 
upwards  and  bear  long,  straight,  very  conspicuous  awns.  Maximus 
has  a  very  simple,  erect  panicle  with  few  large  spikelets  on  short, 
stoutish,  often  undivided  branches ;  sterilis  is  similar,  but  with  much 
smaller  spikelets  and  more  slender,  longer  branches,  becoming 
recurved ;  tectorum  has  numerous  still  smaller  and  proportionately 
narrower  spikelets,  on  rather  short,  filiform,  drooping  and  often 
secund  branches,  and  foliage  velvety  pubescent."  Dr.  C.  W.  Swan. 

LOLIUM,  L. 

L.  perenne,  L.    DARNEL.    RAY  GRASS.    RYE  GRASS. 
Maiden  and  Melrose  (H.  A.  Young;  specimen  in  herb.  of).     Occa- 
sional in  lawns,  etc.    Adv.  from  Eu. 

L.  temulentum,  L. 
Lowell,  "  dump  "  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Adv.  from  Eu. 

AGROPYRUM,  Gsertn. 

A.  repens,  Beauv.    (Triticum  repens,  L.,  Man.)    COUCH  GRASS. 

QUITCH  GRASS.    QUICK  GRASS. 

Common  and  variable. 
A.  repens,  Beauv.,  var.  ?    (Triticum  repens,  L.,  var.  nemorale, 

Anderson,  Man.) 

Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan;  specimen  in  herb.  of). 
A.  caninum,  Roem.  &  Schult.      (Triticum  caninum,  L.,  Man.) 

AWNED  WHEAT  GRASS. 

Concord  (E.  S.  Hoar;  specimen  in  herb.  of). 

SECALE,  L. 
8.  cereale,  L.    RYE. 

Lowell,  u  dumps  "  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan)  ;  Somerville  and  Maiden  (F.  S. 
Collins).  Occasionally  escaped  or  spontaneous.  Adv.  from  Eu. 

TRITICUM,  L. 

T.  sativum,  Lam.,  (extended).  (T.  vulgare,  Vill.,  in  part).  WHEAT. 
Occasionally  spontaneous  by  roadsides,  etc.  The  awned  form, 
T.  sativum  vulgare  (T.  aestivum,  L.),  the  awnless.  T.  sativum  vul- 
gare muticum,  (T.  hibernum,  L.)  have  both  been  found.  Adv. 
from  Eu. 

HORDEUM,  L. 

H.  jubatum,  L.    SQUIRREL-TAIL  GRASS. 
Maiden  (H.  A.  Young) ;  Cambridge  (F.  S.  Collins). 


134  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


H.  maritimum,  With. 

Billerica,  in  wool  waste  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Adv.  from  Eu. 
"Lateral  flowers  male  or  neutral;  spikelets  all  awned;    glumes 
rough,  the  inner  ones  of  the  lateral  spikelets  half-lanceolate  and 
slightly    winged,    the    remainder    setaceous.      Annual."     Koch, 
Taschenb.  d.  Deutsch.  &  Schw.  Fl. 

H.  murinum,  L.    WAY  BENT.    WALL  BARLEY. 

Lowell,  Billerica  and  Dracut,  in  wool  waste  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan; ; 
N.  Chelmsford,  in  wool  waste  (Rev.  W.  P.  Alcott).  Adv.  from  Eu. 
"  Annual,  with  stems  1  to  2  feet  high,  smooth  leaves  and  inflated 
sheaths :  spike  2  to  3  in.  long,  inclined,  compressed,  usually  included 
at  base  by  the  upper  sheath ;  spikelets,  including  awns,  2  in.  long : 
glumes  of  the  middle  spikelet  lanceolate,  long-awned,  and  con- 
spicuously ciliate  on  the  margins ;  outer  glume  of  the  lateral  spike- 
let  setaceous,  the  other  similar  to  those  of  the  central  one :  lateral 
florets  longer  than  the  central,  attenuate  into  a  long  awn,  scabrous 
above,  and  the  inner  surface  covered  with  long,  weak  hairs :  palet 
of  perfect  floret  flattened,  scabrous  above,  its  awn  about  three 
times  as  long  and  flattened  below."  Bot.  Cal. 

ELYMUS,  L.    LYME  GLASS.    WILD  EYE. 

E.  Virginicus,  L. 

Lowell,  Melrose,  Watertown,  et  al.    Not  uncommon. 

E.  Canadensis,  L. 
Not  uncommon. 

E.  Canadensis,  L.,  var.  glaucifolius,  Gray. 
Merrimack  Eiver,  Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan). 

E.  striatus,  Willd. 

Lowell  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;  Melrose  (H.  A.  Young).  Not  com- 
mon. 

ASPRELLA,  Willd. 

A.  Hystrix,    Willd.      (Gymnostichum    Hystrix,    Schreb.,    Man.) 
BOTTLE-BRUSH  GRASS. 
Dunstable,  Concord,  Melrose,  et  al.    Not  very  common. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  135 


CRYPTOGAM  I  A. 


EQUISETACE/*E.    HORSETAIL    FAMILY. 

EQUISETUM,  L. 

E.  arvense,  L.    COMMON  HORSETAIL. 

Abundant.     The  var.   serotinum,   Meyer,  has  been   found    at 

Framingham  (Miss  J.  W.  Williams). 
E.  sylvaticum,  L. 

Frequent. 
E.  limosum,  L. 

Not  very  common. 
E.  hyemale,  L.    SCOURING-RUSH.    SHAVE-GRASS. 

Not  very  common. 

FILICES.    FERNS. 

POLYPODIUM,  L. 

P.  vulgare,  L.    POLYPODY. 
Common. 

PTERIS,  L. 

P.  aquilina,  L.    BRAKE. 
Common. 

ADIANTUM,  L. 

A.  pedatum,  L.    MAIDENHAIR. 
Generally  distributed,  but  not  abundant. 

WOODWARDIA,  Smith.    CHAIN  FERN. 

W.  angustifolia,  Smith. 

Medford,  one  small  station  (R.  Frohock). 
W.  Virginica,  Smith. 

Maiden,  Medford,  Chelmsford,  Ashby,  et  al.    Not  very  common. 
ASPLENIUM,  L.    SPLEENWORT. 

A.  Trichomanes,  L. 

Once  rather  common,  but  becoming  rare  in  the  neighborhood  of 
large  towns. 


136  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


A.  ebeneum,  Ait. 

Not  uncommon.      "Var.  serratum,   Gray,  .  .  .  Maiden,  Nov., 

1872."    G.  E.  Davenport,  in  Catalogue  of  the  Davenport  Herbarium. 
A.  thelypteroides,  Michx. 

Medford  (L.  L.  Dame) ;  Melrose  (F.  S.  Collins) ;   Dracut  (Dr.  C. 

W.  Swan)  ;  Groton  (C.  W.  Jenks).     Not  common. 
A.  Filix-foemina,  Bernh.    LADY  FERN. 

Common  and  variable ;  the  only  form  seemingly  worthy  a  special 

recognition  being  the  following. 
A.  Filix-foemina,  Bernh.,  var.  Michauxii,  Mett.  (var.  angustum, 

Eaton). 

Medford  and  Sudbury  (G.  E.  Davenport)  ;  Maiden  (F.  W.  Morandi). 

PHEGOPTERIS,  Fee.    BEECH  FERN. 
P.  polypodioides,  F6e. 

Maiden  and  Melrose  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  Medford  and  Ashby  (L.  L. 

Dame);     Waltham  List;     Somerville   (E.   H.    Hitchings).      Not 

common. 
P.  hexagonoptera,  F6e. 

Medford  (G.  E.  Davenport)  ;  Maiden  and  Melrose  (F.  S.  Collins) ; 

Groton  (C.  W.  Jenks).    Not  common. 
P.  Dryopteris,  F6e. 

Arlington  Heights  (Wm.  Boott)  ;  Melrose  (F.  W.  Morandi).    Very 

rare. 

ASPIDIUM,  Swartz.    SHIELD  FERN.    WOOD  FERN. 

A.  Noveboracense,  Swartz. 

Common. 
A.  Thelypteris,  Swartz. 

Common. 
A.  cristatum,  Swartz. 

Rather  common. 
A.  cristatum,  Swartz.,  var.  Clintonianum,  Eaton. 

Maiden  (F.  W.  Morandi) ;  Arlington  (Mrs.  P.  D.  Richards). 
A.  marginale,  Swartz. 

Common. 
A.  spinulosum,  Swartz. 

Rather  common. 
A.  spinulosum,  Swartz.,  var.  intermedium,  Eaton. 

Ashby  (L.  L.  Dame) ;  Newton  and  Maiden   (G.  E.  Davenport) ; 

Billerica  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Not  quite  so  common  as  the  type. 
A.  spinulosum,  Swartz.,  var.  dilatatum,  Horneman. 

Groton  (C.  W.  Jenks)  ;  Maiden  and  Melrose  (F.  S.  Collins).     This 

variety  does  not  in  the  county  assume  its  most  highly  developed 

form. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  137 

A.  Boottii,  Tuck.     (A.  spinulosum,  var.  Boottii,  Man.) 
Maiden,  Medford,  Lowell,  Ashby/et  al.    Not  very  common. 

A.  acrostichoides,  Swartz.    CHRISTMAS  FERN. 
Common.     The  var.   incisum,  Gray,  at  Medford  (Mrs.  P.  D. 
Richards). 

CYSTOPTERIS,  Bernh.    BLADDER  FERN. 

C.  fragilis,  Bernh. 
Not  uncommon. 

ONOCLEA,  L. 

O.  sensi bills,  L.    SENSITIVE  FERN. 

Very  common.       The    form  known  as  var.   obtusilobata    is 

occasionally  found. 
O.  Struthiopteris,  Hoffm.     (Struthiopteris  Germanica,  Willd., 

Man.)    OSTRICH  FERN. 

Maiden  (F.  W.  Morandi) ,  but  now  probably  extinct  in  this  station ; 

Lincoln  (G.  E.  Davenport)  ;  Bedford  (L.  L.  Dame).    Rare. 

WOODSIA,  R.  Br. 
W.  Ilvensis,  R.  Br. 

Not  uncommon. 
W.  obtusa,  To  IT. 

Maiden  and  Melrose  (F.  S.   Collins);    Medford   (L.  L.  Dame); 
Chelmsford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Not  very  common. 

DICKSONIA,  L'Her. 

D.  pilosiuscula,  Willd.     (D.  punctilobula,  Kunze,  Man.) 
Common. 

LYGODIUM,  Swartz. 

L.  palmatum,  Swartz.    CLIMBING  FERN. 

Concord  (G.  E.  Davenport) ;  West  Newton  (Severance  Burrage) ; 
Dracut  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan) ;    Groton  (C.  W.  Jenks).    Rare. 

OSMUNDA,  L. 

O.  regalis,  L.    FLOWERING  FERN.    ROYAL  FERN. 

Common. 
O.  Claytoniana,  L. 

Common. 
O.  cinnamomea,  L.  CINNAMON  FERN. 

Common.     The  state  called  var.  frondosa  at  Newton  (F.  S. 

Plympton);  Medford  (G.  E.  Davenport). 

OPHIOGLOSSUM,  L. 

O.  vulgatum,  L.    ADDER'S  TONGUE. 

Maiden,  Melrose  and  Concord   (F.   S.   Collins) ;  Newton   (F.  S. 
Plympton)  ;  Chelmsford  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Not  common. 


138  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 

BOTRYCHIUM,  Swartz.     MOONWORT. 

B.  matricariaefolium,  A.  Br. 

Ayer  (W.  H.  Manning) ;  Stoneham  (L.  L.  Dame) ;  Medford  (F.  W. 

Morandi) .    Rare. 
B.  lanceolatum,  Angstrom. 

Stoneham  (L.  L.  Dame)  ;  Groton  (C.  W.  Jenks) ;  Sudbury  (Minot 

Pratt).    Very  rare. 
B.  ternatum,  Swartz.     (B.  lunarioides,  Man.) 

Concord  (Davenport  Catalogue)  ;  Newton  (F.  S.  Plympton)  ;  Med- 
ford (G.  E.  Davenport).     Infrequent. 
B.  ternatum,  Swartz.,  var.  obliquum,  Milde. 

Rather  common. 
B.  ternatum,  Swartz.,  var.  dissectum,  Milde. 

Rather  common. 
B.  Virginianum,  Swartz. 

Not  uncommon. 

LYCOPODIACEyE.    CLUB-MOSS  FAMILY. 

LYCOPODIUM,  L.,  Spring. 

L.  lucidulum,  Michx. 

Medford  (L.  L.  Dame) ;  Heading  (R.  Frohock) ;  Tyngsboro'  and 

Groton  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan). 
L.  inundatum,  L. 

Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  No.  Reading  (W.  H.  Manning)  ;  Tewks- 

bury  (B.  D.  Greene). 
L.  annotinum,  L. 

Ashby  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan). 
L.  dendroideum,  Michx.    GROUND  PINE. 

Common.    The  var.  obscurum,  Gray,  at  Medford  (G.  E.  Daven- 
port) ;  Sudbury  (Bigelow's  PI.  Bost.) 
L.  clavatum,  L.    CLUB  Moss. 

Common. 
L.  complanatum,  L. 

Common. 

SELAGINELLA,  Beauv.,  Spring. 

S.  rupestris,  Spring. 

Stoneham  (F.  S.  Collins) ;  Maiden  (R.  Frohock) ;  Groton  (C.  W. 

Jenks) .    Probably  not  uncommon. 
S.  apus,  Spring. 

Bedford  (C.  W.  Jenks). 


MIDDLESEX   FLOKA.  139 


ISOETE^E.    QUILLWORT  FAMILY. 

ISOETES,  L.    QUILLWORT. 
I.  lacustris,  L. 

Fresh  Pond,   Cambridge   (Wm.  Boott).    An  unusually  southern 

station  for  this  species. 
I.  Tuckermani,  A.  Br. 

Mystic  River  and  Fond  (E.  Tuckerman),  the  original  station;  Horn 

Pond,  Woburn  (Wm.  Boott) ;  Spy  Pond,  Arlington  (Rev.  Thos. 

Morong) . 
I.  echinospora,  Durieu,  var.  Braunii,  Engelm. 

Not  uncommon. 
I.  echinospora,  Durieu,  var.  Boottii,  Engelm. 

Round  Pond,  Woburn,  the  original  station ;  Tofit  swamp,  Lexing- 
ton (Wm.  Boott). 
I.  echinospora,  Durieu,  var.  muricata,  Engelm. 

Woburn    Creek  and  Abajona  River,   the    original    locality,    not 

uncommon   (Wm.  Boott) ;    Bedford   (C.  W.  Jenks) ;    So.  Natick 

(Rev.  Thos.  Morong)  ;  Lexington  (Wm.  Boott). 
I.  riparia,  Engelm. 

So.  Natick  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 
I.  Engelmanni,  A.  Br. 

Arlington  Brook;  Alewife  Brook,  Woburn  (Wm.  Boott). 

MARSILIACE/E.    WATER-FERN  FAMILY. 
MARSILIA,  L. 

M.  QUADRIFOLIA,  L. 

Concord,  Bedford,  Belmont,  Cambridge,  et  al.    Int.  and  nat.  from 
farther  south. 


BRYOPHYTKS. 


MUSCI.    MOSSES. 

The  following  list  is  founded  principally  on  the  collections  of 
Mr.  H.  A.  Young,  Mrs.  S.  E.  French,  Miss  C.  E.  Cummings  and 
Messrs.  Edwin  and  Charles  E.  Faxon,  with  additional  species  from 
the  published  lists  of  Mr.  T.  P.  James  and  Rev.  J.  L.  Russell. 


140  MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 

Besides  furnishing  species  not  otherwise  represented,  and  new 
localities  for  other  species,  Miss  Cutnmings  has  revised  the  lists  of 
Musci  and  Hepaticae,  which  otherwise  would  have  been  much  more 
incomplete. 

EPHEMERUM,  Hampe. 

E.  serratum,  Hampe,  var.  angustifolium,  Schimp. 
Cambridge  (T.  P.  James;  Lesq.  &  James,  Man.) 

PHYSCOMITRELLA,  Schimp. 

P.  patens,  Schimp. 
Chelmsford  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell). 

BRUCHIA,  Schwaegr. 

B.  flexuosa,  Muell.? 

Cambridge  (T.  P.  James) ;  if  this  is  the  plant  mentioned  in  the 
Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.,  Vol.  XIII.,  under  the  name  of  B.  flexuosa, 
Schwaegr.,  var.  nigrescens. 

WEISIA,  Hedw. 
W.  viridula,  Brid. 

Very  common. 
W.  viridula,  Brid.,  var.  gymnostomoides,  Muell. 

Cambridge    (T.  P.  James)  in  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.,  Vol.  XIII. ,  as 

Hymenostomum  microstomum,  R.  Br. 

DICRANELLA,  Schimp. 

D.  varia,  Schimp.  ? 

Chelmsford  (Rev.    J.  L.  Russell) ;  as  Dicranum  varium,  Hedw. 

Possibly  there  may  have  been  a  mistake  in  this  determination. 
D.  heteromalla,  Schimp. 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 

DICRANUM,  Hedw. 

D.  viride,  Schimp. 

Newton  (C.  E.  Faxon). 
D.  flagellare,  Hedw. 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
D.  fulvum,  Hook. 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
D.  longifolium,  Hedw. 

Prospect  Hill,  Waltham  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell). 
D.  scoparium,  Hedw. 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French) ;  Natick,  common  (Miss  C.  E.  Cum- 

mings) . 


MIDDLESEX   FLOKA.  141 

D.  scoparium,  Hedw.,  var.  pallidum,  Lesq.  &  James. 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
D.  spurium,  Hedw. 

Newton  (C.  E.  Faxon). 
D.  Drummondii,  Muell. 

Woburn  (Edwin  Faxon). 
D.  undulatum,  Turn. 

Chelmsford  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell) ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French) ; 

Woburn  (Edwin  Faxon) . 

FISSIDENS,  Hedw. 

F.  exiguus,  Sulliv. 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
F.  osmundioides,  Hedw. 

Melrose  (H.  A.  Young.) 
F.  adianto.ides,  Hedw. 

Chelmsford  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell)  ;  Melrose  (H.  A.  Young)  ;  Waltham 

(Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
F.  adiantoides,  Hedw.,  var  immarginatus,  Lindb. 

Natick  (Miss  C.  E.  Cummings). 

LEUCOBRYUM,  Hampe. 

L.  vulgare,  Hampe. 

Common. 
L.  minus,  Sulliv. 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 

CERATODON,  Brid. 

C.  purpureus,  Brid. 
Common. 

POTTIA,  Ehrh. 

P.  cavifolia,  Ehrh.  ? 

Chelmsford  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell),  under  the  name  of  Gymnostomum 
ovatum,  Hedw.  There  may  be  a  mistake  here,  as  the  localities 
given  for  this  species  in  Lesq.  &  James  Man.  are  from  the  Rocky 
Mountains  westward. 

P.  truncata,  Fuern. 

Chelmsford  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell),  as  Gymnostomum  truncatulum, 
Hampe;  also  found  at  the  Botanic  Garden,  Cambridge,  perhaps 
introduced  (A.  B.  Seymour). 

LEPTOTRICHUM,  Hampe. 
L.  tortile,  Muell. 
Common. 


142  MIDDLESEX   FLOKA. 

L.  vaginans,  Lesq.  &  James. 

Waltham  and  Maynard  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
L.  pallidum,  Hampe. 

Common. 

BARBULA,  Hedw. 

B.  unguiculata,  Hedw. 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 

B.  ceespitosa,  Schwaegr. 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French)  ;  Hopkinton  (H.  A.  Young). 

GRIMMIA,  Ehrh. 
G.  conferta,  Funck. 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
G.  apocarpa,  Hedw. 

Maiden  (H.  A.  Young) ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
G.  Olneyi,  Sulliv. 

Lexington  (Edwin  Faxon). 
G.  Pennsylvanica,  Schwaegr. 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 

RACOMITRIUM,  Brid. 

R.  Sudeticum,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 
Maiden  and  Newton  (C.  E.  Faxon). 

•     HEDWIGIA,  Ehrh. 
H.  ciliata,  Ehrh. 

Maiden,  Waltham,  Natick,  et  al.    Common. 

COSCINODON,  Spreng. 

C.  pulvinatus,  Spreng.? 

Rev.  J.  L.  Russell  reports  Fissidens  pulvinatus,  Hedw.,  which  is  a 
synonym  of  this  species,  as  abundant  on  rocks  at  Chelmsford ;  but 
there  is  no  other  record  of  its  occurence  in  our  limits,  where  it 
would  not  be  expected  from  its  general  range. 

DRUMMONDIA,  Hook. 

D.  clavellata,  Hook. 

Waltham,  on  trees  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell). 

ULOTA,  Mohr. 
U.  crispula,  Brid. 

Natick  (Miss  C.  E.  Cummings). 
U.  Hutchinsiae,  Schimp. 
Generally  distributed. 

ORTHOTRICHUM,  Hedw. 

O.  sordidum,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq. 
Natick  (MissC.  E.  Cummings). 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  143 

O.  strangulatum,  Beauv. 

Maiden  (H.  A.  Young) ;    Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French)  ;    Natick 

(Miss  C.  E.  Cummings). 
O.  psilocarpum,  James. 

Cambridge  (T.  P.  James)  in  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.,  Vol.  XIII.,  as 

O.  pusillura,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 
O.  leiocarpum,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 

Cambridge  (T.  P.  James)  in  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.,  Vol.  XIII. 
O.  obtusifolium,  Schrad. 

Townsend  (Miss  H.  E.  Haynes)  ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 

TETRAPHIS,  Hedw. 
T.  pellucida,  Hedw. 
Common. 

APHANORHEGMA,  Sulliv. 

A.  serratum,  Sulliv. 

Chelmsford  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell),  as  Schistidium  serratum,  Wils. ; 
growing  with  Phascum  patens. 

PHYSCOMITRIUM,  Brid. 

P.  pyriforme,  Brid. 
Maiden  (H.  A.  Young). 

FUNARIA,  Schreb. 

F.  hygrometrica,  Sibth. 
Common. 

BARTRAMIA,  Hedw. 

B.  pomiformis,  Hedw. 
Frequent. 

PHILONOTIS,  Brid. 
P.  fontana,  Brid. 

Melrose  (H.  A.  Young) ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French) ;  Natick 
(Miss  C.  E.  Cummings). 

LEPTOBRYUM,  Schimp. 

L.  pyriforme,  Schimp. 
Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 

WEBERA,  Hedw. 

W.  nutans,  Hedw. 
Maiden  (H.  A.  Young) . 

BRYUM,  Dill. 

B.  intermedium,  Brid. 
Maiden  (H.  A.  Young)  ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 


144  MIDDLESEX    FLOKA. 


B.  bimum,  Schreb. 

Melrose  (H.  A.  Young) ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French) ;  Natick 

(Miss  C.  E.  Cummings). 
B.  argenteum,  L. 

Same  localities  as  the  preceding. 
B.  csespiticium,  L. 

Common. 
B.  capillarfe,  L. 

Prospect  Hill,  Waltham  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell). 
B.  pseudotriquetrum,  Schwaegr. 

Cascade  Rocks,  Melrose  (H.  A.  Young). 
B.  roseum,  Schreb. 

Tewksbury,  Maiden,  Natick,  et  al. 

MNIUM,  L. 

M.  cuspidatum,Hedw. 

Common. 
M.  affine,  Bland. 

Common. 
M.  hornum,  L. 

Tewksbury  (B.  D.  Greene)  ;  Maiden  (H.  A.  Young).    Rare. 
M.  serratum,  Laich. 

Prospect  Hill,  Waltham  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell),  as  Bryum  margin- 

atum,  Dick. 
M.  stellare,  Reichard. 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
M.  cinclidioides,  Hueben. 

Maiden  (H.  A.  Young). 

AULACOMNION,  Schwaegr. 

A.  androgynum,  Schwaegr. 

Chelmsford  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell)  ;  Newton  (C.  E.  Faxon). 
A.  palustre,  Schwaegr. 

Common. 
A.  heterostichum,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 

Melrose  (H.  A.  Young) ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French) ;   Natick 

(Miss  C.  E.  Cummings). 

ATRICHUM,  Beauv. 

A.  undulatum,  Beauv. 

Maiden,  Melrose,  Chelmsford,  et  al. 
A.  angustatum,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 

Common. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  145 

POGONATUM,  Beauv. 

P.  brevicaule,  Beauv. 

Chelmsford  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell),  as  Polytrichum  Pennsylvanicum, 

Hed\v. 

POLYTRICHUM,  L. 
P.  formosum,  Hedw. 

Maiden  (H.  A.  Young) ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
P.  piliferum,  Schreb. 

Common. 
P.  juniperinum,  Willd. 

Common. 
P.  commune,  L. 

Common. 

DIPHYSCIUM,  Mohr. 

D.  foliosum,  Mohr. 
Common. 

BUXBAUMIA,  Hall. 

B.  aphylla,  L. 

Cascade  rocks,  Melrose  (H.  A.  Young) ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E. 
French). 

FONTINALIS,  Dill. 

F.  antipyretica,  L.,  var.  gigantea,  Sulliv. 
Common. 

DICHELYMA,  Myrin. 

D.  capillaceum,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 

No.  Billerica  (H.  A.  Young)  ;  Cambridge  (T.  P.  James)  ;  Walthain 
(Mrs.  S.  E.  French)  ;  Natick  (Miss  C.  E.  Cummings). 

D.  pallescens,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 
Natick  (Miss  C.  E.  Cummings). 

D.  subulatum,  Myrin.? 

Rev.  J.  L.  Russell  reports  Fontinalis  subulata,  Beauv.,  which  is  a 
synonym  of  this  species,  as  occurring  at  Chelmsford,  "hanging  on 
bushes,  principally  Cephalanthus  occidentalis,  L.,  in  partially 
dessicated  mill-ponds,  and  full  of  fruit  in  Nov."  It  is  probable  that 
there  is  some  mistake  in  the  determination. 

LEPTODON,  Mohr. 

L.  trichomitrion,  Mohr. 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 

NECKERA,  Hedw. 

N.  pennata,  Hedw. 
Melrose  (H.  A.  Young) ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 

10 


146  MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


N.  complanata,  Hueben. 
Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 

LEUCODON,  Schwaegr. 

L.  brachypus,  Brid. 
Tewksbury  (B.  D.  Greene). 

PTERIGYNANDRUM,  Hedw. 

P.  filiforme,  Hedw. 
Newton  (C.  E.  Faxon). 

THELIA,  Sulliv. 

T.  hirtella,  Sulliv. 

Common. 
T.  asprella,  Sulliv. 

Common. 

ANOMODON,  Hook.  &  Tayl. 

A.  rostratus,  Schimp. 

Wilmington  (H.  A.  Young)  ;  Natick  (Miss  C.  E.  Cummings) . 
A.  attenuatus,  Hueben. 

Chelmsford  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell)  ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
A.  obtusifolius,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 

PYLAISIA,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 

P.  intricata,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 

Chelmsford  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell)  ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French)  ; 
Hopkinton  (H.  A.  Young). 

CYLINDROTHECIUM,  Bruch  &  Schimp. 

C.  cladorrhizans,  Schimp. 

Chelmsford  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell)  ;  Maiden  and  N.  Billerica  (H.  A. 

Young) ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French)  ;  Newton  (C.  E.  Faxon). 
C.  seductrix,  Sulliv. 

Chelmsford  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell) ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French)  ; 

Hopkinton  (H.  A.  Young). 

CLIMACIUM,  Web.  &  Mohr. 

C.  Americanum,  Brid. 
Common. 

HYPNUM,  Dill. 

H.  scitum,  Beauv. 
Maiden  (H.  A.  Young). 


MIDDLESEX  FLORA.  147 

H.  delicatulum,  L. 

Natick  (Miss  C.  E.  Cummings).    H.  tamariscinum,  Hedw.,  reported 

from  Townsend  (Miss  H.  E.  Haynes) ;  Maiden   (H.  A.  Young) ; 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French) ;  probably  belongs  here ;  also  H. 

proliferum,  L.,  reported  from  Chelmsford  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell). 

Lesq.  and  James,  Man.  of  Mosses  of  N.  A.,  p.  326,  say:  "The  true 

H.  tamariscinum  has  not  been  found  in  North  America,  or  is  here 

very  rare,  and  the  specimens  distributed  under  this  name  in  Sulliv. 

Muse.  Allegh.,  and  Sulliv.  &  Lesq.,  Muse.  Bor.-Am.  Exsicc.,  and 

in  Austin's  Muse.  Appal.,  represent  mostly  H.  delicatulum,  while 

those  distributed  as  H.  delicatulum  mostly  represent  H.  recognitum." 
H.  paludosum,  Sulliv. 

Maiden  (H.  A.  Young). 
H.  leetum,  Brid. 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
H.  laetum,  Brid.,  var.  dentatum,  Lesq.  &  James. 

Maiden  (H.  A.  Young). 
H.  acuminatum,  Beauv. 

N.  Billedca  (H.  A.  Young). 
H.  salebrosum,  Hoffm. 

Common. 
H.  velutinum,  L. 

N.  Billerica  and  Hopkinton  (H.  A.  Young). 
H.  rutabulum,  L. 

Maiden  (H.  A.  Young)  ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
H.  Novae-Angliae,  Sulliv.  &  Lesq. 

N.  Billerica  and  Wilmington  (H.  A.  Young)  ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E. 

French). 
H.  populeum,  Hedw. 

Maiden  and  Melrose  (H.  A.  Young)  ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
H.  plumosum,  Swartz. 

Melrose  (H.  A.  Young) ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
H.  Boscii,  Schwaegr. 

Maiden  and  Melrose  (H.  A.  Young)  ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
H.  serrulatum,  Hedw. 

Natick  (Miss  C.  E.  Cummings) ;  Maiden  and  Hopkinton  (H.  A. 

Young) ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French) ;  Chelmsford  (Rev.  J.  L. 

Russell) . 
H.  rusciforme,  Weis. 

Townsend  (Miss  H.  E.  Haynes)  ;  Melrose  (H.  A.  Young). 
H.  Alleghaniense,  Muell. 

Melrose  (C.  E.  Faxon  and  H.  A.  Young). 
H.  denticulatum,  L. 

Common. 


148  MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


H.  sylvaticum,  Huds. 

Maiden  (H.  A.  Young). 
H.  Muhlenbeckii,  Spruce. 

Maiden,  common  (H.  A.  Young)  ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
H.  serpens,  L. 

Townsend,  Chelmsford,  Waltham,  et  al. 
H.  orthocladon,  Beauv. 

Melrose  (H.  A.  Young)  ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French)  ;  Xatick 

(Miss  C.  E.  Cummings). 
H.  irrigu-um,  Hook.  &  Wils. 

Cambridge,  T.  P.  James,  in  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.,  Vol.  XIII.,  as 

H.  irriguum,  B.  &  S. 
H.  riparium,  L. 

Chelmsford  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell)  ;  Maiden  (.H.  A.  Young). 
H.  hispidulum,  Brid. 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
H.  chrysophyllum,  Brid. 

Maiden  (H.  A.  Young)  ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
H.  aduncum,  Hedw. 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
H.fluitans,  L. 

Chelmsford  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell). 
H.  crista-castrensis,  L. 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
H.  molluscum,  Hedw. 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
H.  reptile,  Michx. 

Maiden  and  N.  Billerica  (H.  A.  Young)  ;    Waltham    (Mrs.  S.  E. 

French)  ;  Natick  (Miss  C.  E.  Cummings). 
H.  imponens,  Hedw. 

N".  Billerica  (H.  A.  Young). 
H.  cupressiforme,  L. 

Common. 
H.  Haldanianum,  Grev. 

Common. 
H.  cordifolium,  Hedw. 

Maiden  (H.  A.  Young). 
H.  Schreberi,  Willd. 

Frequent. 
H.  splendens,  Hedw. 

Townsend,  Natick,  Maiden,  et  al.    Frequent. 
H.  triquetrum,  L. 

Frequent. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  149 

SPHAGNACE^E.    PEAT  MOSSES. 

SPHAGNUM,  Dill. 

S.  acutifolium,  Ehrh. 

Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 
S.  acutifolium,  Ehrh.,  var.  purpureum,  Schimp. 

Maiden  (H.  A.  Young). 
S.  cuspidatum,  Ehrh. 

Maiden  (H.  A.  Young). 
S.  squarrosum,  Pers. 

Tewksbury  (B.  D.  Greene). 
S.  subsecundum,  Nees. 

Maiden  (H.  A.  Young). 
S.  subsecundum,  Nees.,  var.  obesum,  Schimp. 

Maiden  (H.  A.  Young). 
S.  cymbifolium,  Ehrh. 

Maiden  (H.  A.  Young)  ;  Waltham  (Mrs.  S.  E.  French). 

HEPATICv^E.    LIVERWORT  FAMILY. 

RICCIA,  Mich. 
R.  fluitans,  L. 
Maiden  (H.  A.  Young). 

MARCHANTIA,  L. 

M.  polymorpha,  L. 
Common. 

GRIMALDIA,  Raddi. 

G.  barbifrons,  Bisch. 
Cascade  rocks,  Melrose  (H.  A.  Young). 

FIMBRIARIA,  Nees. 

F.  tenella,  Nees. 
Cascade  rocks,  Melrose  (H.  A.  Young). 

PELLIA,  Raddi. 
P,  epiphylla,  Kees. 
Maiden  (H.  A.  Young). 

STEETZIA,  Lehm. 

S.  Lyellii,  Lehm. 
Long  Pond,  Melrose  (H.  A.  Young). 


150  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


METZGERIA,  Raddi. 

M.  myriopoda,  Lindb. 
Melrose  (H.  A.  Young). 

FRULLANIA,  Raddi. 

F.  Grayana,  Mont. 

Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins). 

MADOTHECA,  Dumort. 

M.  platyphylla,  Dumort. 
Chelmsford  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell) ;  Maiden  (H.  A.  Young). 

RADULA,  jSTees. 

R.  complanata,  Dumort. 
Chelmsford  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell) ;  Melrose  (H.  A.  Young). 

BLEPHAROZIA,  Dumort. 

B.  ciliaris,  Dumort. 
Maiden,  et  al.,  common  (H.  A.  Young). 

BAZZANIA,  B.  Gr. 

B.  trilobata,  B.  Gr. 

Chelmsford  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell) ;  Maiden  (H.  A.  Young). 

LOPHOCOLEA,  Nees. 

L.  bidentata,  Dumort. 

Chelmsford  (Rev.  J.  L.  Russell). 
L.  heterophylla,  Nees. 

Melrose  (H.  A.  Young). 

SCAPANIA,  DUDQOrt. 

S.  nemorosa,  Xees. 
Melrose  (H.  A.  Young). 

1STARDIA,  B.  Gr. 

N.  emarginata,  B.  Gr. 
Melrose  (H.  A.  Young). 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  151 


CHARACE^E. 

NlTELLA,  Ag. 

N.  capitata,  Ag. 

Cambridge  (A.  Braun,  Monograph). 
N.  f  lexilis,  Ag. 

Cambridge  (Froebel,  in  A.  Br.  Monogr.) ;  Melrose  and  So.  Natick 

(Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 
N.  acuminata,  A.  Br.,  subsp.  glomulifera,  A.  Br. 

Glacialis,  Fresh  Pond,  Cambridge  (W.  G.  Farlow).    The  specimen 

in  Herb.  Decaisne  from  the  Merrimack  river,  collected  by  Greene, 

mentioned  by  A.  Braun  in  the  Monograph,  in  all  probability  is  from 

Middlesex  county. 
N.  mucronata,  A.  Br.,  subsp.  virgata,  A.  Br.,  var.  tenuior, 

A.  Br. 

Cambridge  (A.  Br.  Monogr.)    The  var.  robustior,  forma  longi- 

f  urea,  A.  Br.  of  this  subspecies  is  mentioned  in  the  Monograph 

as  having  been  collected  in  the  Merrimack  by  Greene  with  the 

preceding  species. 
N.  gracilis,  Ag. 

Melrose  (F.  S.  Collins)  ;  Spot  Pond,  Stoneham  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 
N.  tenuissima,  Kuetz. 

Spot  Pond  (C.  E.  Faxon)  ;  Mystic  Pond,  Medford  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ; 

Ashland  and  So.  Natick  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 
N.  polyglochin,  A.  Br.,  subsp.  megacarpa,  A.  Br.,  (N.  mega- 

carpa,  Allen). 

Winchester  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 

CHARA,  Leonh. 

C.  coronata,  A.  Br. 

Cambridge  (B.  D.  Halstead) ;  Maiden  (F.  S.  Collins). 
C.  coronata,  A.  Br.,  var.  Schweinitzii,  A.  Br. 

Cambridge  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong)  ;  E.  Medford,  abundant  in  slightly 

brackish  water  in  clay-pits  (F.  S.  Collins). 
C.  fragilis,  Desv. 

Cambridge  (C.  E.  Perkins)  ;  ISTatick  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 
C.  sejuncta,  A.  Br. 

Spot  Pond  and  Ashland  (Rev.  Thos.  Morong). 


152  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


The  following  list  includes  both  fresh  and  salt  water  species ;  as  to 
the  latter,  it  is  believed  to  be  reasonably  complete  for  the  very 
limited  "coastline"  of  Middlesex  county.  There  is  no  rocky  shore 
or  sandy  beach,  but  only  a  salt  marsh  with  muddy  banks,  extending 
two  or  three  miles  up  the  Charles  and  Mystic  rivers,  so  that  only  a 
very  limited  marine  flora  is  to  be  expected.  Not  uncommonly  plants 
of  Laminaria,  etc.,  are  left  by  the  tide  within  our  limits,  but  as  they 
are  undoubtedly  brought  from  a  distance,  they  are  not  included  here. 

As  regards  fresh  water  algae,  those  species  are  given  which  are 
known  to  have  been  found  in  the  county,  but  they  are  only  a  small 
portion  of  what  would  be  obtained  by  a  careful  observer  who  could 
give  sufficient  time  to  the  study ;  such  genera  as  Spirogyra,  Conferva, 
Scytonema,  and  Oedogonium,  barely  or  not  at  all  represented  here, 
are  abundantly  found  in  the  county;  so  are  also  Desmids  and 
Diatoms,  which  have  been  entirely  omitted  here,  except  that  a  list  of 
the  former  has  been  included,  taken  from  the  paper  by  G.  Lagerheim, 
"Bidrag  till  Amerika's  Desmidie-Flora."  The  species  in  question 
were  obtained  by  Lagerheim  from  specimens  of  Utricularia,  col- 
lected at  Tewksbury  by  B.  D.  Greene,  and  preserved  in  Swedish 
herbaria. 

The  fresh  and  the  salt  water  algae  are  not  given  in  separate  lists,  but 
the  marine  and  submarine  species  are  designated  as  such.  Where 
not  otherwise  stated,  the  authority  for  a  locality  is  F.  S.  Collins; 
and  all  species  are  represented  by  specimens  in  the  Middlesex  Insti- 
tute herbarium,  except  those  credited  to  Prof.  W.  G.  Farlow,  which 
are  represented  by  specimens  in  his  herbarium ;  for  Prof.  Farlow's 
kindness  in  giving  access  to  his  very  rich  collection,  and  for  his 
assistance  in  many  difficult  questions  of  determination^  the  authors 
are  greatly  indebted. 

FLORIDEv^E.    RED  ALGSE. 

POLYSIPHONIA,  Grev. 

P.  nigrescens,  Grev. 
Medford,  in  a  ditch  in  the  salt  marsh.    Rare. 

GELIDIUM,  Lamour. 

G.  crinale,  Ag. 

Medford,  on  stones,  etc.,  in  the  Mystic  river,  between  tide  marks. 
Inconspicuous  and  easily  overlooked,  but  not  uncommon. 


MIDDLESEX    FLOKA.  153 

DELESSERIA,  Lamour. 

D.  sinuosa,  Lamour. 
Mystic  river,  below  low  water  mark.    Rare. 

GRACILARIA,  Grev. 

G.  multipartita,  Ag.,  var.  angustissima,  Harv. 
Medford,  Everett,  et  al.,  in  ditches  ia  salt  marshes.    Not  rare. 

HILDENBRANTIA,  Nardo. 

H.  rosea,  Kuetz. 
On  pebbles  in  Mystic  river",  between  tide  marks.    Not  common. 

RHODYMENIA,  Grev. 

R.  palmata,  Grev.    DULSE. 
Mystic  river,  below  low  water  mark.    Not  common. 

CHONDRUS,  Stack. 

C.  crispus,  Stack.    IRISH  Moss. 
Mystic  river  and  salt  marshes,  common. 

CERAMIUM,  Lyng. 

C.  rubrum,  Ag. 

Mystic  river  and  salt  marshes,  common. 
C.  strictum,  Harv. 
Same  locality  as  the  preceding,  but  less  common. 

SACHERIA,  Sirdt. 

S.  rigida,  Sirdt.? 

Melrose,  growing  in  masses  on  perpendicular  rocks  in  "  The  Cas- 
cade." The  determination  is  not  quite  certain,  as  this  is  one  of  the 
many  forms  which  have  heretofore  been  included  in  Lemanea  toru- 
losa,  and  only  recently  distinguished  by  Sirodot. 

BATRACHOSPERMUM,  Roth. 

B.  vagum,  Ag. 

Billerica  (Edwin  Faxon). 
B.  moniliforme,  Roth. 

Not  uncommon  in  running  water  in  spring  and  early  summer. 

This  genus  and  the  preceding  are  the  only  fresh  water  Floridere  yet 

found  in  the  county. 

PORPHYRA,  Ag. 

P.  laciniata,  Ag. 

Somerville,  on  woodwork  in  Mystic  river,  between  tide  marks. 


154  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


OOSPOREv^E. 

Fucus,  L. 

F.  vesiculosus,  L.    BLADDERWRACK. 
Very  common  everywhere  in  salt  water. 

ASCOPHYLLUM,  Stack. 

A.  nodosum,  Stack. 

With  the  preceding,  and  equally  common. 

VAUCHERIA,  DC. 

V.  Dillwynii,  Grev. 

Newton,  fresh  water  (W.  G.  Farlow). 
V.  geminata,  DC.,  var.  racemosa,  Walz. 

Maiden,  Medford,  and  Melrose,  rather  common  in  fresh  water. 
V.  terrestris,  Lyng. 

Maiden,  fresh  water. 
V.  uncinata,  Kuetz. 

Newton,  fresh  water  (W.  G.  Farlow) . 
V.  Thuretii,  Woronin. 

Ditches  in  salt  marshes,  common. 
V.  litorea,  Nordst. 

With  the  preceding,  but  not  so  common,  and  preferring  salt  rather 

than  brackish  localities.    The  sexual  fruit  is  rarely  found  in  these 

two  species,  and  as  sterile  plants  of  the  different  species  of  Vaucheria 

are  hardly  distinguishable  from  each  other,  it  is  not  impossible  that 

we  have  other  marine  or  submarine  species. 

BULBOCH^ETE,  Ag. 

B.  rectangularis,  Wittr. 
Medford,  fresh  water  brook. 

PH>£OSPORE>E. 

PUNCTARIA,  Grev. 

P.  latifolia,  Grev. 

Medford,  ditches  in  salt  marsh. 
P.  latifolia,  Grev.,  var.  Zosterae,  LeJolis. 

With  the  type. 

PHYLLITIS,  LeJolis. 
P.  fascia,  Kuetz. 

Mystic  river  and  salt  marshes. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  155 

SCYTOSIPHON,  Thuret. 

S.  lomentarius,  Ag. 

Mystic  river  and  salt  marshes. 

RALFSIA,  Berk. 

R.  verrucosa,  Aresch. 

On  pebbles,  etc.,  in  Mystic  river  and  salt  marshes. 
R.  clavata,  Crouan. 

Same  localities  as  the  last,  and  rather  more  common. 

LEATHESIA,  S.  F.  Gray. 

L.  difformis,  Aresch. 

Ditches  in  Mystic  river  salt  marshes ;  a  rather  reduced  form,  and 
not  very  common. 

ECTOCARPUS,  Lyng. 

E.  littoralis,  Lyng. 

Mystic  and  Charles  rivers,  on  stones  and  woodwork  between  tide 

marks.    Not  uncommon. 
E.  confervoides,  Le  Jolis. 

Medford  salt  marshes. 
E.  confervoides,  Le  Jolis,  var.  siliculosus,  Kjellman. 

With  the  type. 

PH^EOSACCION,  Farlow. 

P.  Collinsii,  Farlow. 

Mystic  river,  growing  on  Zostera  marina.  This  species,  the  only 
one  of  the  genus,  has  been  found  only  along  the  shore  from  Boston 
to  Nahant. 

"Fronds  olive-brown,  tubular,  or  saccate,  composed  of  a  single 
layer  of  cells  disposed  in  fours.  Hairs  wanting.  Reproduction 
by  zoospores  produced  singly  (?)  in  each  cell.  Fronds  subgelati- 
nous,  gregarious,  compressed-cylindrical,  i  inch  to  1  inch  broad, 
about  2  to  8  inches  long,  at  first  saccate,  becoming  cylindrical,  apex 
at  length  ruptured.  Cells  squarish,  .0038  to  .007mm.  broad; 
frond  .008  to.  01  mm.  in  thickness."  W.  G.  Farlow  in  Bull.  Torr. 
Bot.  Club,  IX.,  65. 

CHLOROSPOREyE. 

BRYOPSIS,  Lamour. 
B.  plumosa,  Ag. 

Between  tide  marks  on  the  muddy  banks  of  Mystic  river,  not 
common. 


156  MIDDLESEX    FLOKA. 


DRAPARNALDIA,  Ag. 

D.  glomerata,  Ag. 

Everywhere  common  in  fresh  water  brooks  in  spring  and  early- 
summer. 

STIGEOCLONIUM,  Kuetz. 

S.  tenue,  Kuetz. 
In  running  brooks,  fresh  water,  not  uncommon. 

CH^ETOPHORA,  Schrank. 

C.  endivaefolia,  Ag. 

In  brooks  in  early  spring;  rather  common  and  quite  variable.    All 

our  species  of  this  genus  are  fresh  water  plants. 
C.  pisiformis,  Ag. 

Newton  (W.  G.  Farlow) ;  Ashby,  Medford,  and  Melrose.     Same 

localities  as  the  preceding,  but  less  frequent. 
C.  tuberculosa,  Ag.? 

Billerica  (Edwin  Faxon).    May  possibly  be  a  form  of  some  other 

species. 

CLADOPHORA,  Kuetz. 

C.  aegagropila,  Kuetz. 

Lake  Quannapowitt,  Wakefleld. 
C.  leetevirens,  Harv. 

Medford  salt  marshes. 
C.  gracilis,  Kuetz. 

Medford  and  Everett,  in  salt  water. 
C.  fracta,  Kuetz. 

In  slightly  brackish  water,  clay  pits,  Medford. 
C.  expansa,  Kuetz. 

Medford  and  Everett,  common  in  shallow  pools  in  salt  marshes. 

CHROOLEPUS,  Ag. 

C.  umbrinum,  Kuetz. 
Newton  (W.  G.  Farlow). 

KHIZOCLONIUM,  Kuetz. 

R.  riparium,  Harv. 

Salt  marshes,  common. 
R.  tortuosum,  Kuetz. 

Medford  salt  marshes,  not  common. 
R.  Kochianum,  Kuetz. 

Medford  salt  marshes,  in  tide  pools,  mixed  with  other  algae. 
R.  lacustre,  Kuetz. 

Newton  (W.  G.  Farlow). 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  157 

ULOTHRIX,  Thuret. 

U.  f  lacca,  Thuret. 

Salt  marshes,  abundant. 
U.  subtilis,  Kuetz. 

Newton  (W.  G.  Farlow)  ;  and  elsewhere. 

CONFERVA,  Link. 

C.  f  loccosa,  Ag. 

Common  in  fresh  water. 
C.  globulosa,  Kuetz. 
Cambridge  brick  yards  (W.  G.  Farlow) . 

ULVA,  (L.)  Le  Jolis. 

U.  Lactuca,  (L.)  Le  Jolis. 

Very  common  in  salt  and  brackish  water. 
U.  enteromorpha,  Le  Jolis,  var.  compresssa,  Le  Jolis. 
U.  enteromorpha,  Le  Jolis,  var.  intestinalis,  Le  Jolis. 
U.  enteromorpha,  Le  Jolis,  var.  lanceolata,  Le  Jolis. 

The  first  two  varieties  very  common,  and  the  last  not  uncommon, 

in  salt  and  brackish  water ;  all  varying  much  in  size  and  form. 
U.  clathrata,  Ag. 

Common  in  salt  water,  though  not  so  abundant  as  the  preceding 

species.    Quite  variable,  including  among  other  forms  the  var. 

Rothiana,  forma  prostrata,  Le  Jolis,  at  Medford. 
U.  Hopkirkii,  Harv. 

Medford  salt  marshes. 

MONOSTROMA,  Wlttr. 

M.  Grevillei,  LeJolis. 
Mystic  river,  on  pebbles,  etc.,  between  tide  marks,  in  early  spring. 

M.  Vahlii,  Ag.? 

Ditch  in  Mystic  river  salt  marsh,  Medford.  The  determination  is 
not  absolute,  as  Prof.  J.  G.  Agardh,  to  whom  specimens  were  sub- 
mitted, says :  "  Your  plant  comes  very  near  to,  or  is  quite  the  same 
as  a  plant  from  Greenland,  which  I  have  described  as  M.  Tahiti." 
It  does  not  appear  to  have  been  found  since  the  original  discovery, 
unless  this  is  the  same  species.  In  this  locality  it  begins  to  grow 
quite  early  in  the  spring,  the  fronds  being  of  considerable  size  when 
the  ice  breaks  up,  which  is  usually  early  in  March;  and  by  the 
middle  of  April  it  has  entirely  disappeared. 

"  Frond  rather  large,  cylindric-obovate,  tubular,  noticeably  dilated 
from  the  slender  stipe,  entire,  or  the  apex  finally  ruptured ;  mem- 
brane delicate,  collapsing,  the  cells  somewhat  clathrate  in  arrange- 
ment, the  younger  angular,  separated  by  thickish  walls,  appearing 


158  MIDDLESEX   FLOKA. 


somewhat  as  if  arranged  in  irregular  longitudinal  lines,  the  lower 
elongate,  the  upper  gradually  shorter,  when  mature  roundish  and 
not  in  lines."    J.  G.  Agardh,  Till  Algern.  Syst.  IV.,  109. 
M.  latissimum,  Wittr. 

Medford,  claypits,  etc.  Common  in  summer  in  somewhat  brackish 
water.  Not  before  reported  from  America. 

"Frond  delicate,  of  irregular  outline,  1-3  dm.  in  diameter,  much 
plicate,  with  entire  or  undulate  margin,  lubricous,  bright  green,  in 
the  upper  part  .02  to  .026  m  m.  thick ;  cells  seen  from  the  surface, 
without  definite  arrangement,  rather  closely  set,  irregularly  4  or  6 
angled,  with  somewhat  rounded  corners;  in  cross  section  of  the 
frond  oval  or  almost  circular,  .014  to  .018  mm.  long."  F.  Hauck, 
Meeresalgen  Deutschlands. 

PROTOCOCCACE^E. 

VOL  vox,  Ehren. 

V.  globator,  Ehren. 
Maiden,  pond  in  Middlesex  Fells  (R.  Frohock). 

PEDIASTRUM,  Meyer. 

P.  Ehrenbergii,  A.  Br. 
Holliston,  on  walls  of  B.  &  A.  R.  R.  tunnel. 

OPHIOCYTIUM,  Naeg. 

0.  cochleare,  A.  Br. 
Hudson. 

PROTOCOCCUS,  Ag. 

P,  viridis,  Ag. 
Very  common  everywhere. 

TETKASPORA,  Ag. 
T.  bullosa,  Ag. 

Maiden. 
T.  lubrica,  Ag. 

Maiden,  et  al. ;  common  in  spring. 

PORPHYRIDIUM,  Naeg. 

P.  cruentum,  Naeg. 
Medford. 

GLGEOCYSTIS,  Naeg. 

G.  Paroliniana,  Naeg. 
Newton  (W.  G.  Farlow). 


MIDDLESEX    FLOKA.  159 

CONJUGATVE. 

SPIROGYRA,  Link. 

S.  insignis,  Kuetz. 

Maiden. 
S.  insignis,  Kuetz.,  var.  Hantzschii,  Petit. 

With  the  type. 
S.  Weberi,  Kuetz.? 

Maiden.    No  mature  fruit  having  been  found,  this  determination 

is  not  certain. 
S.  crassa,  Kuetz. 

Melrose. 

ZYGNEMA,  Kuetz. 

Z.  stellinum,  Ag. 
Maiden  and  Melrose. 


P.  mirabilis,  A.  Br. 
Wakefield,  et  al. 


PLEUROCARPUS,  A.  Br. 


DESMIDIE/E. 


The  Desmids  included  in  this  list  were  found  by  Dr.  G.  Lagerheim 
attached  to  specimens  of  Utricularia,  etc. ,  collected  at  Tewksbury  by 
B.  D.  Greene.  Several  of  the  species  have  not  been  found  elsewhere. 

DESMIDIUM,  Ag. 

D.  aptogonum,  Br6b. 

D.  aptogonum,  Br6b.,  var.  acutius,  Nordst. 

D.  graciliceps,  Lagerheim,  forma  major,  Lagerheim. 

HYALOTHECA,  Ehren. 

H.  dissiliens,  Br6b. 
H.  mucosa,  Ehren. 

BAMBUSINA,  Kuetz. 
B.  Brebissonii,  Kuetz. 

SPONDYLOSITJM,  Br6b. 
S.  nitens,  Lund. 

SPH^EROZOSMA,  Corda. 
S.  excavatum,  Ralfs. 


160  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


MlCRASTERIAS,  Ag. 

M.  truncata,  Breb. 

M.  truncata,  Breb.,  var.  minor,  Wolle. 

M.  depauperata,  Nordst. 

M.  dichotoma,  Wolle. 

M.  muricata,  Ealfs.  (Euastruin  muricatum,  Wolle,  Desm.) 

EUASTRUM,  Ralfs. 

E.  ventricosum,  Lund. 

E.  pinnatum,  Ralfs. 

E.  inerme,  Lund. 

E.  Wollei,    Lagerheim    (E.    intermedium,    Wolle,     Desm.),    var. 

quadrigibberum,  Lagerheim. 
E.  compactum,  Wolle,  var.  major,  Lagerheim. 

COSMARIUM,  Ralfs. 

C.  ornatum,  Ralfs. 

C.  orthostichum,  Lund. 

C.  orthostichum,  Lund,  var.  trigonum,  Lagerheim. 

C.  Lagoense,  Nordst. 

C.  Willei,  Lagerheim. 

C.  Portianum,  Arch.,  var.  Brasiliense,  Wille. 

C.  Pardialis,  Cohn. 

C.  quinarium,  Lund. 

C.  quadrifarium,  Lund. 

C.  excavatum,  Nordst. 

C.  subcruciforme,  Lagerheim. 

C.  Wolleanum,  Lagerheim  (C.  pseudogranatum,  Wolle,   Desm.), 

subspec.  granuliferum,  Lagerheim. 
C.  taxichondrum,  Lund. 

C.  taxichondrum,  Lund,  var.  bidentulum,  Lagerheim. 
C.  pseudotaxichondrum,  Nordst.,    subspec.   trichondrum, 

Lagerheim. 
C.  pseudotaxichondrum,   Nordst.,   var.    quadridentulum, 

Lagerheim. 

C.  polymorphum,  Nordsfc. 
C.  oculiferum,  Lagerheim. 

C.  moniliforme,  Ralfs,  forma  elliptica,  Lagerheim. 
C.  Americanum,  Lagerheim. 
C.  pseudopyramidatum,  Lund. 
C.  Cambricum,  Cooke  &  Wills. 
C.  octogonum,  Delp.,  var.  constrictum,  Lagerheim. 


MIDDLESEX   FLOKA.  161 


ARTHRODESMUS,  Arch. 

A.  incrassatus,  Lagerheim. 

A.  incrassatus,  Lagerheim,  var.  cycladatus,  Lagerheim. 

A.  quadridens,  Wood,  var.  eequalis,  Lagerheim. 

A.  notochondrus,  Lagerheim. 

A.  Incus,  Hass. 

A.  octocornis,  Ehren. 

A.  minutus,  Ralfs. 

XANTHIDIUM,  Ralfs. 

X.  armatum,  Breb. 

X.  antilopaeum,  Kuetz. 

STAURASTRUM,  Ralfs. 

S.  Clepsydra,  Nordst. 

S.  striolatum,  Arch.,  forma  trigona. 

S«  aristiferum,  Ralfs,  forma  trigona. 

S.  trifidum,  Nordst.,  var.  glabrum,  Lagerheim. 

S.  lutecium,  Lagerheim. 

S.  echinatum,  Br6b. 

S.  tricorne,  Menegh. 

S.  Cerastes,  Lund,  forma  tetragona. 

S.  leptacanthum,  Nordst.,  forma  6  -f-  4— radiata. 

S.  macrocerum,  Wolle. 

S.  leptocladum,  Nordst.,  var.  cornutum,  Wille. 

S.  grallatorium,  Nordst.,  var.  forcipigerum,  Lagerheim. 

S.  inconspicuum,  Nordst. 

S.  Brasiliense,  Nordst. 

TETMEMORUS,  Ralfs. 

T.  granulatus,  Ralfs. 
T.  Brebissonii,  Ralfs. 

PLEUROT^ENIUM,  Naeg. 

P.  Ehrenbergii,  Nordst. 

P.  Indicum,  Lund. 

P.  constrictum,    Lagerheim    (Docidium    constrictum,    Wolle, 

Desm.) 

P.  verticil latum,  Rab, 
P.  gracile,  Rab. 

DOCIDIUM,  Lund. 
D.  dilatatum,  Lund. 

11 


162  MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


PENIUM,  De  Bar. 
P.  minutum,  Cleve. 

P.  margaritaceum,  Br6b.,  var.  punctulatum,  Kalfs. 
P.  Digitus,  Breb. 

CLOSTERIUM,  Nitzsch. 

C.  acerosum,  Ehren. 
C.  costatum,  Corda. 
C.  angustatum,  Kuetz. 
C.  juncidum,  Ralfs. 

NOSTOCACE/E. 

CALOTHRIX,  Thuret. 

C.  confervicola,  Ag. 

Medford  and  Everett,  on  Ulva,  etc.,  in  salt  water. 
C.  Crustacea,  Thuret. 
With  the  preceding. 

MASTIGONEMA,  Kirchner. 

M.  aerugineum,  Kirchner. 
Billerica,  on  Batrachospermum,  (E.  Faxon). 

RIVULARIA,  Roth. 

R.  radians,  Thuret. 
Spot  Pond,  Stoneham. 

GLOIOTRICHIA,  Ag. 
G.  pisum,  Thuret. 
Medlord  and  Newton  (W.  G.  Farlow). 

SCYTONEMA,  Ag. 

S.  ambiguum,  Kuetz. 

Newton  (W.  G.  Farlow) . 
S.  Hoffmanni,  Ag. 

Newton  (W.  G.  Farlow). 
S.  Guyanense,  Mont. 

Newton,  in  a  greenhouse,  (W.  G.  Farlow). 

TOLTPOTHRIX,  Kuetz. 

T.  /Egagropila,  Kuetz. 

Spot  Pond,  Stoneham. 
T.  truncicola,  Thuret. 

Newton  (W.  G.  Farlow). 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  163 

NOSTOC,  Vauch. 

N.  sphaeroides,  Kuetz. 

Cambridge  (W.  G.  Farlow). 
N.  sphaericum,  Vauch. 

Melrose,  on  rocks  near  the  Cascade. 
N.  muscorum,  Ag. 

Newton  (W.  G.  Farlow). 
N.  collinum,  Kuetz. 

Maiden,  swamp  in  Middlesex  Fells;  Newton  (W.  G.  Farlow). 

ANAB^ENA,  Bory. 

A.  Flos-aquae,  Kuetz.,  var.  circinalis,  Kirchner. 

Horn  Pond,  Woburn  (W.  G.  Farlow). 
A.  gigantea,  Wood. 

Framingham  (W.  G.  Farlow). 

SPH^EROZYGA,  Ag. 

S.  Carmichaelii,  Harv. 
Everett,  salt  marshes;  Cambridge  (W.  G.  Farlow). 

CYLINDROSPERMUM,  Kuetz. 

C.  majus,  Kuetz. 

Newton  (W.  G.  Farlow) ;  Holliston,  on  walls  of  B.  &  A.  R.  R. 

tunnel,  form  resembling  the  C.  comatum,  Wood. 
C.  muscicola,  Kuetz. 

Cambridge  (W.  G.  Farlow). 

NODULARIA,  Mertens. 

N.  Harvey  ana,  Thuret. 
Cambridge,  salt  marshes  (W.  G.  Farlow). 

LYNGBYA,  Ag. 

L.  ochracea,  Thuret. 

Cambridge  (W.  G.  Farlow). 
L.  aestuarii,  Liebm. 

Salt  marshes,  common. 
L.  luteo-fusca,  Ag. 

Mystic  river  salt  marshes. 
L.  Wollei,  Farlow. 

Horn  Pond,  Woburn ;  Lake  Quannapowitt,  Wakefield. 

MICROCOLEUS,  Desmaz. 

M.  chthonoplastes,  Thuret. 
Salt  marshes,  not  uncommon. 


164  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


M.  terrestris,  Desmaz. 

Newton  (W.  G.  Farlow)  ;  Melrose. 
M.  versicolor,  Thuret. 

Newton  (W.  G.  Farlow). 

OSCILLARIA,  Kuetz. 

O.  subtorulosa,  Farlow. 

Mystic  river  salt  marshes. 
O.  chlorina,  Kuetz. 

Newton  (W.  G.  Farlow) . 
O.  tenuis,  Ag. 

Maiden  and  Reading. 
O.  nigra,  Vauch. 

Newton  (W.  G.  Farlow) ;  Maiden. 
O.  viridis,  Vauch. 

Newton  (W.  G.  Farlow). 
O.  subuliformis,  Harv. 

Charles  river  salt  marshes  (W.  G.  Farlow)  ;  Mystic  river  marshes. 
O.  Frolichii,  Kuetz. 

Newton  (W.  G.  Farlow). 
O.  Frolichii,  Kuetz.,  var.  viridis,  Zeller. 

Medford  clay-pits. 
O.  Frolichii,  Kuetz.,  var.  ornata,  Rab. 

Charles  river,  Newton. 
O.  princeps,  Vauch. 

Cambridge  (W.  G.  Farlow). 

BEGGIATOA,  Trevis. 

B.  alba,  Trevis.,  var.  minima,  Warming. 

Mystic  river  salt  marshes. 
B.  mirabilis,  Cohn. 

Cambridge,  salt  marshes  (W.  G.  Farlow) . 

LEPTOTHRIX,  Kuetz. 

L.  rigidula,  Kuetz. 

Mystic  river  salt  marshes. 
L.  subtilissima,  Rab. 
Watertown  (W.  G.  Farlow). 

SPIRULINA,  Turpin. 

S.  tenuissima,  Kuetz. 

Everett  and  Medford,  rather  common  in  brackish  water;  Cam- 
bridge (W.  G.  Farlow). 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


GLOEOTHECE,  Naeg. 

G.  confluens,  Naeg. 
Newton  (W.  G.  Farlow). 

APHANOTHECE,  Naeg. 

A.  prasina,  A.  Br. 

Cambridge  (W.  G.  Farlow). 

COSLOSPH^ERIUM,  Naeg. 

C.  Kuetzingianum,  Naeg. 
Framingham  (W.  G.  Farlow)  ;  Spot  Pond,  Stoneham. 

CLATHROCYSTIS,  Henfrey. 

C.  aeruginosa,  Henfrey. 

Horn  Pond,  Woburn  (W.  G.  Farlow)  ;  Spot  Pond,  Stoneham. 
C.  roseo-persicina,  Cohn. 

Very  common  on  salt  marshes. 

GLOEOCAPSA,  Naeg. 

G.  crepidinum,  Thuret. 
Everett  and  Medford,  on  woodwork  near  high-water  mark. 

CHROOCOCCUS,  Naeg. . 

C.  turgidus,  Naeg. 
Everett  and  Medford,  with  the  preceding  species. 

LICHENS. 

This  list  is  undoubtedly  far  from  being  a  complete  catalogue  of  the 
lichens  of  Middlesex  County;  and  the  number  of  species  would  prob- 
ably be  double,  if  the  same  study  could  be  given  to  this  order  as  to 
the  flowering  plants  or  ferns.  As  it  stands,  it  is  a  list  of  species 
known  to  occur  here ;  but  the  absence  of  any  species  from  this  list 
does  not  at  all  imply  that  it  does  not  grow  in  the  county,  or  even 
that  it  is  very  rare.  In  arrangement,  nomenclature,  etc.,  Tuckerman's 
later  works  have  been  followed,  which  give  a  somewhat  different 
system  in  the  use  of  names  of  authorities  for  genera,  species,  etc., 
from  that  employed  in  other  orders.  Unless  otherwise  stated,  species 
from  Cambridge,  VVatertown,  Newton,  Medford,  Arlington,  and  Lex- 
ington are  on  the  authority  of  Prof.  Tuckerman ;  from  Waltham, 
Mrs.  S.  E.  French;  from  Chelmsford,  Rev.  J.  L.  Russell;  and  species 
fromNatick  and  Sherborn  were  collected  by  Miss  Clara  E.  Cummings, 
to  whom  the  writers  are  much  indebted  for  a  revision  of  the  entire 
list  of  lichens,  as  well  as  for  additional  species  and  localities. 


166  MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 

RAMALINA,  Ach.,  De  Not. 

R.  calicaris,  (L.)  Fr.,  var.  fastigiata,  Fr. 

Waltham,  Natick. 
R.  calicaris,  (L.)  Fr  ,  var.  farinacea,  Schaer. 

Walthain. 
R.  pollinaria,  (Ach.) 

Natick. 
R.  polymorpha,  (Ach.) 

Chelmsford,  Waltham. 

CETRARIA  (Ach.)  Fr.,  Muell. 

C.  Islandica,  (L.)  Ach. 

Cambridge,  Watertown,  Newton,  Natick. , 
C.  aleurites,  (Ach.)  Th.  Fr. 

Natick. 
C.  aleurites,  (Ach.)  Th.  Fr.,  var.  placorodia,  Tuck. 

"Waltham,  Chelmsford. 
C.  ciliaris,  (Ach.) 

Cambridge,  Waltham,  Natick,  Sherborn. 
C,  lacunosa,  Ach. 

Cambridge,  Waltham,  Natick,  Sherborn. 
C.  juniperina,  (L.)  Ach. 

Cambridge,  Natick. 

EVERNIA,  Ach.,  Mann. 

E.  furfuracea,  (L.)  Mann. 

Chelmsford,  Waltham. 
E.  prunastri,  (L.)  Ach. 

Cambridge,  Watertown,  Natick. 

USNEA,  (Dill.)  Ach. 

U.  barbata,  (L.)  Fr.,  var.  florid  a,  Fr. 

Waltham,  Natick,  Sherborn. 
U.  barbata,  (L.)  Fr.,  var.  hirta,  Fr. 

Waltham,  Natick. 
U.  barbata,  (L.)  Fr.,  var.  dasypoga,  Fr. 

Natick. 
U.  angulata,  Ach. 

Chelmsford. 
U.  trichodea,  Ach. 

Chelmsford. 
U.  longissima,  Ach. 

Waltham. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  167 

ALECTORIA,  (Ach.)  Nyl. 

A.  jubata,  (L.),  var.  chalybeiformis,  Ach. 

Natick. 

THELOSCHISTES,  Norm. 

T.  chrysophthalmus,  (L.),  Norm. 

Walthain,  Natick. 
T.  parietinus,  (L.)  Norm. 

Cambridge,  Waltham,  Natick. 
T.  polycarpus,  (Ehrh.) 

Waltham. 
T.  lychneus,  (Nyl.) 

Cambridge,  Natick. 
T.  concolor,  (Dicks.) 

Natick,  Sherborn. 

PARMELIA,  (Ach.)  DeNot. 

P.  perlata,  (L.)  Ach. 

Framingham  and  Chelmsford  (Russell) :  Waltham,  Cambridge  and 

Lexington. 
P.  perforata,  (Jacq.)  Ach. 

Waltham,  Sherborn,  Natick. 
P.  crinita,  Ach. 

Cambridge,  Waltham. 
P.  tiliacea,  (Hoffm.)  Floerk. 

Waltham,  Sherborn. 
P.  Borreri,  Turn.,  var.  rudecta,  Tuck. 

Waltham,  Sherborn. 
P.  saxatilis,  (L.)  Fr. 

Waltham,  Sherborn,  Natick. 
P.  saxatilis,  (L.)  Fr.,  var.  sulcata,  Nyl. 

Waltham. 
P.  physodes,  (L.)  Ach. 

Waltham,  Sherborn. 
P.  colpodes,  (Ach.)  Nyl. 

Waltham. 
P.  olivacea,  (L.)  Ach. 

Waltham,  Natick. 
P.  caperata,  (L.)  Ach. 

Waltham,  Sherborn,  Natick. 
P.  conspersa,  (Ehrh.)  Ach. 

Cambridge,  Waltham,  Natick. 
P.  ambigua,  (Wulf.)  Ach.,  var.  albescens,  Wahl. 

Cambridge. 


168  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


PHYSCIA,  (DC.,  Fr.)  Th.  Fr. 

P.  speciosa,  (Wuif.,  Ach.)  Nyl. 

Watertown,  Medford,  Cambridge  and  Waltham  (Tuckerman) , 
P.  hypoleuca,  (Muhl.)  Tuck. 

ISTatick. 
P.  comosa,  (Eschw.)  Nyl. 

Cambridge,  very  rare  (Tuckerman). 
P.  aquila,  (Ach.)  Nyl.,  var.  detonsa,  Tuck. 

Natick. 
P.  pulverulenta,  (Schreb.)  Nyl. 

Cambridge,  Waltham. 
P.  stellaris?,  (L.) 

Natick,  Sherborn. 
P.  stellaris,  (L.),  var.  aipola,  Nyl. 

Cambridge,  Waltham. 
P.  tribacia,  (Ach.)  Tuck. 

Waltham,  Sherborn. 
P.  hispida,  (Schreb.,  Fr.)  Tuck. 

Cambridge,  Waltham. 
P.  Obscura,  (Ehrh.)  Nyl. 

Waltham,  Sherborn,  Natick. 
P.  setosa,  (Ach.)  Nyl. 

Natick. 

PYXINE,  Fr.,  Tuck. 
P.  sorediata,  Fr. 

Waltham. 

UMBILICARIA,  Hoffm. 

U.  Muhlenbergii,  (Ach.)  Tuck. 

Waltham  (C.  J.  Sprague)  ;  Cambridge,  Medford. 
U.  Dillenii,  Tuck. 

Waltham. 
U.  pustulata,  (L.)  Hoffm.,  var.  papulosa,  Tuck. 

Waltham,  Natick. 

STICTA,  (Schreb.)  Fr. 

S.  amplissima,  (Scop.)  Mass. 

Waltham,  Natick. 
S.  pulmonaria,  (L.)  Ach. 

Arlington,  Waltham,  Natick. 
S.  fuliginosa,  (Dicks.)  Ach. 

Waltham  (Russell). 
S.  crocata,  (L.)  Ach. 

Waltham,  Sherborn. 


MIDDLESEX   FLOKA.  169 

NEPHROMA,  Ach. 

N.  tomentosum,  (Hoffm.)  Koerb. 
Waltham. 

N.  Helveticum,  Ach. 
Chelmsford,  Medford,  Lexington,  Natick. 

PELTIGERA,  (Willd.,  Hoffm.)  F6e. 

P.  aphthosa,  (L.)  Hoffm. 

Waltham  (C.  J.  Sprague). 
P.  polydactyla,  (Neck.)  Hoffm. 

Waltham. 
P.  rufescens,  (Neck.)  Hoffm. 

Cambridge,  Waltham. 
P.  canina,  (L.)  Hoffm. 

Waltham. 
P.  canina,  (L.)  Hoffm.,  var.  sorediata,  (Schaer.) 

Waltham. 

PHYSMA,  Mass. 

P.  luridum,  (Mont.) 
Waltham. 

P  ANN  ARIA,  Delis. 

P.  lanuginosa,  (Ach.)  Koerb. 

Waltham. 
P.  molybdea,  (Pers.)  Tuck.,  var.  cronia,  Nyl. 

Waltham. 

COLLEMA,  Hoffm.,  Fr. 

C.  verruciforme,  Nyl. 

Cambridge. 
C.  flaccidum,  Ach. 

Waltham. 

LEPTOGIUM,  Fr.,  Nyl. 

L.  pulchellum,  (Ach.)  Nyl. 

Waltham. 
L.  Tremelloides,  (L.  fil.)  Fr. 

Medford,  Waltham,  Natlck. 
L.  myochroum,    (Ehrh.,    Schaer.)  Tuck.,    var.    saturninum, 

Schaer. 

Chelmsford,  Cambridge,  Watertown,  Waltham  (Tuckerman). 

PLACODIUM,  (DC.)  Naeg.  &  Hepp. 

P.  elegans,  (Link)  DC. 
Cambridge. 


170  MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 

P.  murorum,  (Hoffm.)  DC. 

Waltham. 
P.  cinnabarrinum,  (Ach.)  Anz. 

Newton  (T.  P.  Adams). 
P.  aurantiacum,  (Lightf.)  Naeg.  &  Hepp. 

Waltham  (C.  J.  Sprague) ;  Natick,  Sherborn. 
P.  cerinum,  (Hedw.)  Naeg  &  Hepp. 

Waltham,  Natick. 
P.  ferrugineum,  (Huds.)  Hepp.,  var.  Pollinii,  Tuck. 

Natick. 
P.  vitellinum,  (Ehrh.)  Naeg.  &  Hepp. 

Waltham,  Natick. 

LECANORA,  Ach.,  Tuck. 

L.  rubina,  (Vill.)  Ach. 

Cambridge,  Watertown. 
L.  mu rails,  (Schreb.)  Schaer.,  var.  saxicola,  Schaer. 

Cambridge,  Waltham. 
L.  pallida,  (Schreb.)  Schaer. 

Waltham,  Natick,  Sherborn. 
L.  subfusca,  (L.)  Ach. 

Waltham,  Natick,  Sherborn. 
L.  badia,  (Pers.)  Ach. 

Waltham. 
L.  varia,  (Ehrh.)  Nyl. 

Waltham,  Natick,  Sherborn. 
L.  pallescens,  (L.)  Schaer. 

Sherborn. 
L.  tartarea,  (L.)  Ach. 

Medford,  Natick,  Sherborn. 
L.  verrucosa,  (Ach.)  Laur. 

Waltham. 
L.  cinerea,  (L.)  Sommerf. 

Cambridge. 
L.  Bockii,  (Fr.)  Th.  Fr. 

Waltham  (C.  J.  Sprague). 

EINODINA,  Mass.,  Stizenb.,  Tuck. 

R.  oreina,  (Ach.)  Mass. 

Waltham. 
R.  constans,  (Nyl.)  Tuck. 

Natick. 

PERTUSARIA,  DC. 

P.  multipuncta,  (Turn.)  Nyl. 
Waltham. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA.  171 

P.  communis,  DC. 

Natick. 

P.  pustulata,  (Ach.)  Nyl. 
Sherboru. 

CONOTREMA,  Tuck. 

C.  urceolatum,  (Ach.)  Tuck. 
Cambridge,  Waltham,  Natick,  Sherborn. 

URCEOLARIA,  (Ach.)  Flot. 

U.  scruposa,  (L.)  Nyl. 
Chelmsford,  Cambridge,  Watertown. 

MYRIANGIUM,  Mont.  &  Berk. 

M.  Duriaei,  (Mont.  &  Berk.)  Tuck. 
Newton  (C.  J.  Sprague). 

STEREOCAULON,  Schreb. 

S.  paschale,  (L.)  Fr. 

Medford,  Waltham. 

CLADONIA,  Hoffin. 

C.  alcicornis,  (Lightf.)  Floerk. 

Cambridge,  Watertown. 
C.  cariosa,  (Ach.)  Spreng. 

Cambridge. 
C.  pyxidata,  (L.)  Fr. 

Cambridge,  Waltham,  Natick,  Sherborn. 
C.gracilis,  (L.)  Nyl. 

Waltham. 
C.  gracilis,  (L.)  Nyl.,  var.  verticillata,  Fr. 

Natick,  Waltham. 
C.  gracilis,  (L.)  Nyl.,  var.  hybrida,  Schaer. 

Natick. 
C.  cornuta,  (L.)  Fr. 

Sherborn. 
C.  cenotea,  (Ach.)  Schaer. 

Waltham. 
C.  caespiticia,  (Pers.)  Fl. 

Waltham. 
C.  furcata,  (Huds.)  Fr. 

Waltham. 
C.  furcata,  (Huds.)  Fr.,  var.  racemosa,  Fl. 

Waltham,  Sherborn. 


172  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


C.  furcata,  (Huds.)  Fr.,  var.  subulata,  Fl. 

Waltham. 
C.  rangiferina,  (L.)  Hoffm. 

Waltham. 
C.  rangiferina,  (L.)  Hoffm.,  var.  sylvatica,  L. 

Waltham,  Sherborn. 
C.  rangiferina,  (L.)  Hoffm.,  var.  alpestris,  L. 

Waltham. 
C.  uncialis,  (L.)  Fr. 

Cambridge,  Waltham. 
C.  Cornucopioides,  (L.)  Fr. 

Waltham,  Natick. 
C.  deformis,  (L.)  Hoffm. 

Waltham. 
C.  macilenta,  (Ehrh.)  Hoffm. 

Sherborn. 
C.  cristatella,  Tuck. 

Waltham,  Natick,  Sherborn. 

BJEOMYCES,  Fee. 

B.  roseus,  Pers. 

Waltham,  Natick. 

BIATORA,  Fr. 
B.  Nylanderi,  Anz. 

Cambridge. 
B.  uliginosa,  (Schrad.)  Fr. 

Watertown. 
B.  denigrata,  Fr. 

Cambridge. 
B.  mixta,  Fr. 

Cambridge. 
B.  milliaria,  Fr. 

Cambridge. 
B.  rubella,  (Ehrh.)  Rab. 

Waltham. 

LECIDEA,  (Ach.,  Fr.) 

L.  sylvicola,  Th.  Fr. 

Waltham  (C.  J.  Sprague;  fide  specimen  in  herb.  B.  S.  N.  H.) 

BUELLIA,  (De  Not.)  Tuck. 

B.  parasema,  (Ach.)  Koerb. 

Waltham,  Natick. 
B.  albo-atra,  (Hoffm.) 

Arlington. 


MIDDLESEX    FLOKA.  173 

OPEGRAPHA,  (Humb.)  Ach.,  Nyl. 

O.  varia,  (Pers.)  Fr. 

Sherborn. 
O.  vulgata,  (Ach.)  Nyl. 

Sherborn. 

XYLOGRAPHA,  Fr.,  Nyl. 

X.  opegraphella,  Nyl. 
Waltham  (C.  J.  Sprague). 

GRAPHIS,  Ach.,  Nyl. 

G.  scripta,  (L.)  Ach. 

Waltham,  Natick. 
G.  dendritica,  Ach. 

Sherborn. 

ARTHONIA,  Ach.,  Nyl. 

A.  astroidea,  Ach. 

Cambridge. 
A.  punctiformis,  Ach. 

Sherborn. 

ACOLIUM  (F6e)  De  Not. 

A.  tigillare,  (Ach.)  De  Not. 
Cambridge,  Waltham,  Natick. 

CALICIUM,  Pers.,  Ach.,  Fr. 
C.  subtile,  Fr. 

Natick. 
C.  turbinatum,  Pers. 

Cambridge. 

ENDOCARPON,  Hedw.,  Fr. 

E.  miniatum,  (L.)  Schaer. 

Arlington,  Waltham,  Natick. 
E.  miniatum,  (L.)  Schaer.,  var.  complicatum,  Schaer. 

Cambridge. 
E.  miniatum,  (L.)  Schaer.,  var.  aquaticum,  Schaer. 

Medford,  Waltham. 

VERRUCARIA,  (Pers.)  Tuck. 

V.  nigrescens,  Pers. 

Cambridge. 
V.  muralis,  Ach. 

Watertown. 


174  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


PYRENTJLA,  (Ach.,  Naeg.  &  Hepp.)  Tuck. 

P.  punctiformis,  (Ach.)  Naeg. 

Cambridge. 
P.  gemmata,  (Ach.)  Naeg. 

Sherborn. 
P.  thelaena,  (Ach.)  Tuck. 

Natick. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA.  175 


ADDITIONS  AND  CORRECTIONS. 


Page  10.    After  Violaceae,  Violet  Family,  insert  the  line 

VIOLA,  L. 

Page  11.    After  the  note  on  V.  pubescens,  Ait.,  insert 
V.  pubescens,  Ait.,  var.  scabriuscula,  Gray. 

Waltham  (Walter  Deane;  specimen  in  herb  of).    Rare. 
Page  26.    In  the  description  of  Trigonella   Cassia,  Boiss.,  the  last 
clause    should    read    "traversed    by   longitudinal    anastomosing 
nerves." 

Page  38.     After  the  note  on   CEnothera  biennis,  L.,  var.  grandiftora, 
Lindl.,  insert 
CE.  Oakesiana,  Bobbins,  (CE.  biennis,L.,  var.  Oakesiana,  Man.) 

Cambridge  (S.  Watson). 

Page  60.    For  C.  rapunculoides,  read  C.  rapunculoides. 
Page  88.    For  R.  Brittanica,  read  R.  Britannica. 
Page  93.    For  C.  vulgaris,   Lam.,  var.  AMERICANA,  A.  DC.,  read 

C.  vulgaris,  Lam.,  var.  Americana,  A.  DC. 
Page  95.    For  S.  viminalis,  read  S.  mminalis. 
Page  98.    For  L.  trisculca,  read  L.  trisulca. 
Page  111.    After  the  note  on  Cyperus  dentatus,  insert 
C.  glaber,  L. 

Westford,  woollen  mills,  Sept.  15,  1884  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).  Adv. 
in  wool  from  Turkey  in  Asia. 

"Low,  tufted,  smooth;  leaves  narrow,  shorter  than  the  culm; 
involucre  about  3-leaved,  conspicuous;  utnbellets  very  short- 
stalked  in  the  sessile  umbel,  forming  a  capitate  cluster  of  numerous 
spikes ;  these  linear  (%  inch  long  by  1%  lines  wide)  flattened, 
serrate,  scales  ovate,  strongly  conduplicate,  obtuse,  mucronate, 
striate,  purplish-brown  with  broad  green  keel  and  narrow  pale 
margin,  about  half-length  imbricate;  rachis  narrowly  winged; 
stamens  3,  style  3-cleft;  acheniurn  obovate,  triquetrous,  apicu- 
late,  dull."  C.  W.  Swan. 

Page  111.     After  the  note  on  C.  esculentus,  L.,  insert 
C.  esculentus,  L.,  var.  angustispicatus,  Britton. 
Lowell,  Aug.  23,  1885  (Dr.  C.  W.  Swan).    Adv.  from  the  South. 
"  Spikelets  narrowly  linear,  about  one  line  wide  and  three-fourths 
of  an  inch  long;  a  well  marked  form."    Britton,  Bull.  Torr.  Bot. 
Club,  XIII.,  211. 


176  MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 

Page  111.    After  the  note  on  C.  strigosus,  L.,  insert 
C.  strigosus,  L.,  var.  capitatus,  Boeckl. 

Melrose  (F.  S.  Collins). 

"  Inflorescence  of  several  capitate  clusters,  rays  short."  Britton, 
Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  XIII.,  212. 

A  doubtful  form  which  may  belong  under  this  variety,  or  is  per- 
haps a  hybrid  between  C.  strigosus  and  C.  filiculmis,  was  found 
at  Chelmsford,  Sept.  20,  1885,  by  Dr.  C.  W.  Swan,  who  gives  the 
following  description : 

"  9  inches  high;  habit  of  filiculmis,  the  slender  culms  with  hard 
tuberous  bases,  leaves  short  and  very  narrow,  umbel  with  very 
short  rays  forming  one  almost  sessile  dense  head,  and  involucre 
that  of  this  species ;  but  the  scales  longer  and  narrower,  strongly 
conduplicate,  yellowish  brown,  much  exceeding  the  achenium, 
which  (immature)  appears  to  be  of  an  intermediate  character, 
and  is  partly  enclosed  by  the  membranous  wings  of  the  rachis. 
Spikes  8-10  flowered." 


RECAPITULATION. 


NA 

TIVE 

NATUf 

1ALIZED 

ADVE 

NTIVE 

1 

Species. 

Varieties. 

Species. 

Varieties. 

Species. 

Varieties. 

p 

Ranimculaceae   

12 

23 

2 

„ 

K 

Berberidaceae     

2 

2 

33 

4 

4 

i 

i 

SarraceniaceaB    .   .       

1 

1 

6 

Papaveraceae  . 

3 

1 

i 

1 

, 

4 

2 

q 

Cruciferae    

20 

15 

2 

iq 

15 

Violaceae     .   . 

9 

2 

9 

4 

i  f 

Cistaceae  .... 

2 

Q 

Li 

1 

2 

Hypericaceae  

2 

6 

1 

I 

1 

Caryophyllaceae    

11 

11 

10 

10 

. 

01 

2 

2 

Ficoideae  

1 

1 

Portulacaceae     

2 

1 

1 

2 

Malvaceae    

4 

1 

9 

g 

Tiliacese  

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

4 

7 

1 

3 

Rutaceae  

9 

1 

I 

Simarubaceae  

1 

i 

1' 

Anacardiaceae    

1 

5 

1 

Vitaceae   

2 

4 

Rhamnaceae    

2 

1 

1 

Celastraceae    .... 

1 

Sapindaceae    

4 

6 

i 

Polygalaceae  

1 

5 

Leguminosae  

21 

28 

2 

14. 

90 

a  A 

14 

42 

4 

KIJ 

Saxifragaceae    

6 

9 

i 

o 

ot 
19 

Crassulaceae   

3 

1 

3 

4 

12 


178 


MIDDLESEX   FLOE A. 


Genera 

Native, 

Naturalized. 

Adventive. 

I 

I 

s 

02 

Varieties 

2? 
1 

Varieties. 

co 
5' 

CD 

Varieties 

Hamamelace86   

1 
3 
5 
1 
3 
1 
2 
17 
1 
2 
6 
4 
57 
1 
2 
18 
2 
1 
1 
8 
1 
2 
14 
2 
24 
13 
2 
2 
3 
9 
5 
1 
3 
3 
1 
1 
1 
5 

1 

5 
12 
1 
4 

15 
4 
8 
14 
11 
103 
4 
3 
35 
3 
2 
1 
9 
8 
2 
22 
3 
17 
4 

3 
3 
5 
2 

8 
3 

1 

7 

2 
2 

11 
3 

2 
1 

1 
1 

1 

1 
2 
4 

1 
22 

2 

3 

5 

10 
6 

1 
6 

1 
2 

1 

7 

2 

2 

2 

2 
1 

1 
1 
37 
1 
1 
1 

1 
1 

5 
2 
13 
10 
6 
3 
5 
11 
1 

1 

1 
5 

2 

2 

1 

1 
8 
18 
1 
6 
1 
2 
21 
5 
8 
15 
13 
175 
5 
4 
39 
3 
6 
1 
15 
8 
2 
32 
5 
41 
20 
6 
3 
9 
20 
6 
2 
11 
5 
1 
1 
1 
22 

Halorageae  ...       

OnagracGSB  .   .              

]VT6lastoinacc9B 

Lythrac6E6 

Cactacese     ... 

CucurbitacesB     

UmbelliferaB  ......       .    . 

Araliac69B    .       .              •           . 

Cornac63B 

Caprif  oliac636 

Composites  

LobeliacesB     

Campanulac6cC  .   .       ... 

Ericac6£6  • 

Ilicin68B 

Plumbaginacese    

Primulacess    

LentibulariacesB 

Orobancliac636 

ScropLulariacese  

Verbenacess    

Labiatce   

BorraginacecG    .    . 

HydrophyllacesB 

Convolvulace86  

Grentianacese  

ApocyDacese  

Asclepiadacec8  .... 

Oleaceas   

Aristolochiaceae    

Nyctaginaceae    

Phytolaccaceae  

Chenopodiacese     

MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


179 


Genera. 

Native. 

Naturalized, 

Adventive. 

I 

t 

o 

(t> 

CO 

Varieties 

f 

i 

Varieties 

Species 

Varieties 

Amarantacese     ...          ... 

2 
4 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
10 
1 
2 
6 
2 
2 
2 
9 
5 
2 
2 
7 
3 
2 
11 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
19 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
11 
51 
1 

2 

19 
2 
1 
1 
J 
2 
1 
6 
S 
1 
5 
14 
3 
7 
13 
U 
5 
3 
6 
28 
6 
2 
30 
1 
1 
4 
1 
3 
19 
16 
1 

2 
1 
109 
86 
4 

1 

1 
2 

1 

5 

1 

1 

1 
4 

1 

27 

5 

5 

8 

1 

1 
5 

4 
1 

5 

4 
22 

1 
*5 

3 

3 

2 
1 

2 

1 

2 
1 

8 
1 

3 
27 

1 
1 

10 
31 
2 
2 
1 
2 
2 
1 
6 
14 
1 
5 
14 
3 
8 
21 
12 
5 
3 
7 
34 
7 
2 
33 
1 
1 
5 
1 
4 
32 
21 
1 
1 
3 
1 
144 
145 
4 

Laurac633    . 

Santalaceas  

Ceratophyllaceae  

Callitrichaceae    

Euphorbiacese    

Urticacese    

Platanaceae  

Juglandaceae  

Myricaceae  

Betulacese   .   . 

Arace^e    

Lemnacese  

TyphacejB   .... 

Orchidaceae     

Amaryllidaceae  

Dioscoreacese  .... 

Smiluceae  

Juncacese    

Pontederiaceae  

Eriocaulonaceaa    

Cyperaceae  

Gramineae   

Equisetaceae     

180 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


Genera. 

Native. 

Naturalized. 

Adventive, 

1 

Species. 

Varieties. 

03 

»' 

CD 

Varieties. 

Species. 

Varieties. 

Filices  

15 
2 
1 
1 
48 
15 
2 
82 
39 

34 
8 
5 

134 
16 
10 
191 
131 

6 
2 
6 

1 
13 
15 

1 

8 

245 

40 
8 
7 
1 
140 
16 
11 
204 
146 
2061 

LycopodiacesB  

MarsiliaceaB  .       

Musci    

Hepaticae  

Total  

746 

14721129 

200 

7 

MIDDLESEX  FLORA. 


181 


09 


i-<         O 

10      tn 


IQ        >O        O        CO 
r-l        (?^        (M        CD 


00 


»  s  -a 


w    .2     '£  o  ^ 

S  >>  ^ 

M       A      40  ft*  £i 

H      pc}      p_{  pp  H 


I  N  DEX, 


Aaron's  Rod,  36. 
Abele,  9G. 
Abies,  96. 
Abutilon,  IS. 
Acalypha,  90. 
Acer,  22. 
Achillea,  54. 
Acnida,  86. 
Acolium,  173. 
Acorus,  98. 
Actaea,  3. 

Adam's  Needle,  109. 
Adder's  Tongue,  137. 
Adiantum,  135. 
Adlumia,  5. 
,  22. 
,  41. 
Agrimonia,  31. 
Agrimony,  31. 
Agropyrum,  133. 
Agrostis,  127. 
Ailanthus,  20. 
Aira,  128. 
Alder,  62,  64.  94. 
Alectoria,  167. 
Aletris,  105. 
Alfalfa,  25. 
Algae,  152. 
Alisrna,  101. 
Alismaceaa,  101. 
Allium,  108. 
Alnus,  94. 
Alopecurus,  125. 
Alsyke,  24. 
Alyssum,  8. 
Amarantaceae,  85. 
Amaranth,  85. 
Amarantus,  85. 


Amaryllis,  105. 
Amaryllidaceae,  105. 
Ambrosia,  51. 
Amelanchier,  34. 
American  Cowslip,  65. 
Ammania,  39. 
Ampelopsis,  21. 
Amphicarpaea,  29. 
Amsinckia,  75. 
Anabaena,  163. 
Anacardiaceas,  21. 
Anacharis,  102. 
Anagallis,  66. 
Anaphalis,  55. 
Andromeda,  62. 
Andropogon,  124. 
Anemone,  1. 
Anemonella,  1. 
Angelica,  40. 
Anomodon,  146. 
Antennaria,  55. 
Anthemis,  54. 
Anthoxanthum,  125. 
Anychia,  17. 
Aphanorhegma,  143. 
Aphanothece,  165. 
Aphyllon,  67. 
Apios,  29. 
Apocynaceae,  81. 
Apocynum.  81. 
Apple,  34. 
Apple  of  Peru,  79. 
Aquifoliaceae,  64. 
Aquilegia,  3. 
Arabis,  6. 
Araceae,  97. 
Aralia,  42. 
Araliaceae,  42. 


184 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


Arbor-Vitae,  97. 

Balsam  Apple,  40. 

Arbutus,  61. 

Bambusina,  159. 

Archangelica,  40. 

Baneberry,  3. 

Arctium,  57. 

Baptisia,  29. 

Arctostaphylos,  61. 

Barbarea,  7. 

Arenaria,  15. 

Barberry,  3. 

Arethusa,  103. 

Barbula,  142. 

Argemone,  4. 

Barley,  134. 

Arisaema,  97. 

Barnyard  Grass,  123. 

Aristida,  125. 

Bartonia,  80. 

Aristolochiaceae,  82. 

Bartramia,  143. 

Arrhenatherum,  128. 

Basil,  71. 

Arrow-grass,  101. 

Basswood,  18. 

Arrow-head,  102. 

Bastard  Toad-flax,  89. 

Arrow-wood,  44. 

Batrachospermum,  153. 

Artemisia,  54. 

Bayberry,  93. 

Arthonia,  173. 

Bazzania,  150. 

Arthrodesmus,  161. 

Beak-rush,  114. 

Arum,  97. 

Bearberry,  61. 

Asarum,  82. 

Beard  Grass,  124,  127. 

Asclepiadaceae,  81. 

Bedstraw,  44. 

Asclepias,  81. 

Beech,  93. 

Ascophyllum,  154. 

Beech-drops,  67. 

Ash,  82. 

Beech  Fern,  136. 

Asparagus,  108. 

Beggar-ticks,  52. 

Aspen,  96. 

Beggar's-lice,  76. 

Asperugo,  76. 

Beggiatoa,  164. 

Aspidium,  136. 

Bellis,  49. 

Aspleniutn,  135. 

Bellwort,  107. 

Asprella,  134. 

Bengal  Grass,  123. 

Aster,  47. 

Benjamin  Bush,  89. 

Atrichum,  144. 

Bent  Grass,  127. 

Atriplex,  84. 

Berberidaceae,  3. 

Aulacomnion,  144. 

Berberis,  3. 

Avena,  128. 

Bergamot,  72. 

Avens,  31. 

Betonica,  73. 

Azalea,  62. 

Betony,  69,  73. 

Betula,  94. 

Bachelor's  Button,  56. 

Betulaceae,  94. 

Baeomyces,  172. 

Biatora,  172. 

Baeria,  53. 

Bidens,  52. 

Ballota,  74. 

Bindweed,  77,  87. 

Balm  of  Gilead,  96. 

Birch,  94. 

Balsam,  96. 

Bird  Millet,  123. 

MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


185 


Birthroot,  106. 

Briza,  130. 

Birth  wort,  82. 

Brizopyrum,  130. 

Bitter  Cress,  6. 

Bromus,  132. 

Bittersweet,  78. 

Brooklime,  68. 

Blackberry,  32. 

Brookweed,  66. 

Black  Grass,  109. 

Broomrape,  67. 

Black  Horehound,  74. 

Bruchia,  140. 

Black  Mustard,  8. 

Brunella,  73. 

Black  Snakeroot,  40. 

Bryophytes,  139. 

Bladder  Campion,  14. 

Bryopsis,  155. 

Bladder  Fern,  137. 

Bryum,  143. 

Bladder  Ketmia,  18. 

Buckbean,  81. 

Bladder  Nut,  22. 

Buckthorn,  21. 

Bladderwort,  66. 

Buckwheat,  86,  88. 

Bladderwrack,  154. 

Buellia,  172. 

Blepharozia,  150. 

Bugle  weed,  71. 

Blephilia,  72. 

Bugloss,  74. 

Blite,  84. 

Bulbochaete,  154. 

Blitum,  84. 

Bulrush,  113. 

Bloodroot,  5. 

Bunchberry,  42. 

Bloodwort,  105. 

Bupleurum,  41. 

Blueberry,  61. 

Burdock,  57. 

Bluebottle,  56. 

Bur  Grass,  124. 

Blue  Curls,  70. 

Bur  Marigold,  52,  53. 

Blue  Flag,  105. 

Burnet,  31. 

Blue  Grass,  130. 

Bur-reed,  98. 

Blue  Tangle,  61. 

Bush  Clover,  28. 

Bluets,  45. 

Butter-and-Eggs,  67. 

Boehmeria,  91. 

Buttercups,  2. 

Bog-rush,  109. 

Butterfly  weed,  81. 

Boltonia,  49. 

Butternut,  92. 

Boneset,  46. 

Buttonbush,  45. 

Borage,  74. 

Buttonwood,  92. 

Borraginaceae,  74. 

Buxbaumia,  145. 

Borrago,  74. 

Bottle-brush  Grass,  134. 

Cactaceae,  39. 

Bottle  Grass,  123. 

Cactus,  39. 

Bouncing  Bet,  14. 

Cakile,  9. 

Botrychium,  138. 

Calamagrostis,  127. 

Bexberry,  61. 

Calamintha,  71. 

Brachyelytrum,  126. 

Caliciura,  173. 

Brake,  135. 

Calla,  97. 

Brasenia,  4. 

Callitrichaceae,  90. 

Brassica,  8. 

Callitriche,  90. 

186 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


Calluna,  62. 
Calopogon,  104. 
Calothrix,  162. 
Caltha,  3. 
Calystegia,  78. 
Camelina,  9. 
Campanula,  60. 
Campanulaceae,  60. 
Canary  Grass,  124. 
Cancer-root,  67. 
Cannabis,  92. 
Caprifoliaceae,  43. 
Capsella,  9. 
Caraway,  42. 
Cardamine,  6. 
Cardinal  Flower,  60. 
Cardiospermuin,  22. 
Carex,  114. 
Carpet-weed,  17. 
Carpinus,  93. 
Carrion  Flower,  106. 
Carrot,  40. 
Carum,  42. 
Carya,  92. 
Caryopbyllaceae,  13. 
Cashew,  21. 
Cassandra,  62. 
Cassia,  29. 
Castanea,  93. 
Castillea,  69. 
Catchfly,  14. 
Catnip,  72. 
Cat-tail,  98. 
Ceanothus,  21. 
Cedar,  97. 
Celandine,  5. 
Celastracese,  22. 
Celastrus,  22. 
Celtis,  91. 
Cenchrus,  124. 
Centaurea,  56. 
Cephalanthus,  45. 
Ceramiuin,  153. 
Cerastium,  16. 


Ceratodon,  141. 
Ceratophyllaceae,  89. 
Ceratophyllum,  89. 
Cetraria,  166. 
Chsenactis,  53. 
Chaetophora,  156. 
Chain  Fern,  135. 
Chamaecyparis,  97. 
Chamomile,  54. 
Chara,  151. 
Characeae,  151. 
Charlock,  8. 
Cheat,  132. 
Checkerberry,  61. 
Chelidonium,  5. 
Chelone,  68. 
Chenopodiaceag,  83. 
Chenopodium,  83. 
Cherry,  30. 
Chess,  132. 
Chestnut,  93. 
Chick-pea,  29. 
Chtckweed,  15, 16. 
Chick  weed  Wintergreen,  65. 
Chicory,  57. 
Chimapbila,  63. 
Chinquepin,  4. 
Chiogenes,  61. 
Chlorosporeae,  155. 
Chokeberry,  34. 
Chondrus,  153. 
Chorizanthe,  88. 
Christmas  Fern,  137. 
Chroococcus,  165. 
Chroolepus,  156. 
Chrysanthemum,  54. 
Chrysopogon,  124. 
Chrysospleniuni,  35. 
Cichorium,  57. 
Cicuta,  41 . 
Cinna,  127. 
Cinnamon  Fern,  137. 
Cinquefoil,  31. 
Circaea,  37. 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


187 


Cirsium,  56. 
Cistaeeae,  12. 
Cladium,  114. 
Cladonia,  171. 
Cladophora,  156. 
Clarkia,  38. 
Clathrocystis,  165. 
Claytonia,  17. 
Clear  weed,  91. 
Cleavers,  44. 
Clematis,  1. 
Clethra,  62. 
Climacium,  146. 
Climbing  Bittersweet,  22. 
Climbing  Fern,  137. 
Climbing  Hempweed,  46. 
Clintonia,  107. 
Closterium,  162. 
Clotbur,  51. 
Clover,  23. 
Club  Moss,  138. 
Club-rush,  113. 
Cnicus,  56. 
Cocklebur,  51. 
Ccelosphaerium,  165. 
Cohosh,  3. 
Colic-root,  105. 
Coliseum  Ivy,  67. 
Collema,  169. 
Collinsonia,  72. 
Coltsfoot,  46. 
Columbine,  3. 
Comandra,  89. 
Comfrey,  74. 
Commelynaceae,  110. 
Compass-plant,  51. 
Composite,  45. 
Comptonia,  94. 
Cone  Flower,  52. 
Conferva,  157. 
Coniferae,  96. 
Conium,  42. 
Conjugates,  159. 
Conotrema,  171. 


Convallaria,  107. 
Convolvulaceae,  77. 
Convolvulus,  77. 
Coptis,  3. 
Corallorhiza,  104. 
Cord  Grass,  124. 
Coreopsis,  52. 
Cornaceae,  42. 
Corn  Cockle,  15. 
Cornel,  42. 
Cornus,  42. 
Coronilla,  29. 
Corydalis,  5. 
Corylus,  93. 
Coscinodon,  142. 
Cosmarium,  160. 
Costmary,  54. 
Cotton-grass,  113. 
Couch  Grass,  133. 
Cowbane,  41. 
Cowberry,  61. 
Cow-herb,  14. 
Cow-lily,  4. 
Cow-parsnip,  40. 
Cow-wheat,  70. 
Crab  Grass,  121. 
Cranberry,  61. 
Cranberry  Tree,  44. 
Cranesbill,  19. 
Crassulacese,  35. 
Crataegus,  33. 
Crepis,  58. 
Cress,  5. 
Crotalaria,  23. 
Crowfoot,  1,  2. 
Cruciferae,  5. 
Cryptogamia,  135. 
Cryptotaenia,  41. 
Cucumber-root,  107. 
Cucurbitnceae,  40. 
Cudweed,  55. 
Cupressus,  97. 
Cupuliferae,  92. 
Currant,  35. 


188 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


Cuscuta,  78. 

Distichlys,  130. 

Cut  Grass,  124. 

Ditch-grass,  99. 

Cylindrospernmm,  165. 

Docidium,  161. 

Cylindrothecium,  148. 

Dock,  88. 

Cynoglossum,  76. 

Dodder,  78. 

Cyperacese,  111. 

Dodecatheon,  65. 

Cyperus,  111,  175. 

Dogbane,  81. 

Cypripedium,  104. 

Dog's-tail  Grass,  128. 

Cystopteris,  137. 

Dog's-tooth  Violet,  108. 

Dogwood,  21,  42. 

Dactylis,  130. 

Draba,  8. 

Daisy,  49. 

Dragon-head,  73. 

Dalibarda,  32. 

Draparnaldia,  156. 

Dandelion,  59. 

Drop-seed  Grass,  126. 

Dangleberry,  61. 

Drosera,  12. 

Danthonia,  128. 

Droseracese,  12. 

Daphne,  89. 

Drummondia,  142. 

Darnel,  133. 

Duckweed,  98. 

Datura,  79. 

Dulichium,  112. 

Daucus,  40. 

Dulse,  153. 

Day  Lily,  109. 

Dutchman's  Breeches,  5. 

Dead-nettle,  73. 

Dwarf  Dandelion,  57. 

Delesseria,  153. 

Dyer's  Weed,  23. 

Delphinium,  3. 

Dentaria,  6. 

Eatonia,  129. 

Deschampsia,  128. 

Echinacea,  51. 

Desmidiese,  159. 

Echinocystis,  40, 

Desmidium,  159. 

Echinodorus,  101. 

Desrnodium,  27. 

Echinospermum,  75. 

Dewberry,  32. 

Echium,  74. 

Deyeuxia,  127. 

Ectocarpus,  155. 

Dianthus,  13. 

Eel-grass,  99,  102. 

Dicentra,  5. 

Elatinacese,  13. 

Dichelyma,  145. 

Elatine,  13. 

Dicksonia,  137. 

Elder,  44. 

Dicranella,  140. 

Elecampane,  51. 

Dicranuai,  140. 

Eleocharis,  112. 

Dier  villa,  43. 

Eleusine,  128. 

Dioscorea,  106. 

Elm,  91. 

Dioscoreaceae,  106. 

Elodea,  13. 

Diphyscium,  145. 

Elodes,  13. 

Diplachne,  129. 

Elymus,  134. 

Diplopappus,  48. 

Enchanter's  Nightshade,  37 

Dirca,  89. 

Endocarpon,  173. 

MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


189 


Endogens,  97. 

Fireweed,  55. 

Ephemerum,  140. 

Fissidens,  141. 

Epigaea,  61. 

Five-finger,  31. 

Epilobium,  37. 

Flag  98,  105. 

Epiphegus,  67. 

Flax,  19. 

Equisetacese,  135. 

Fleabane,  49. 

Equisetum,  135. 

Floating  Heart,  81. 

Eragrostis,  129. 

Florideaa,  152. 

Erechtites,  55. 

Flowering  Dogwood,  42. 

Ericaceae,  60. 

Flowering  Fern,  137. 

Erigeron,  48. 

Fontinalis,  145. 

Eriocaulon,  111. 

Fool's  Parsley,  41. 

Eriocaulonacese,  111. 

Forget-me-not,  75. 

Eriophorum,  113. 

Four-o'clock,  82. 

Eritrichium,  75. 

Fowl  Meadow  Grass,  130. 

Erodium,  19. 

Foxglove,  69. 

Erysimum,  7. 

Foxtail,  123,  125. 

Erythronium,  108. 

Fragaria,  32. 

Euastrum,  160. 

Fraxinus,  82. 

Eupatorium,  46. 

Frog's-bit,  102. 

Euphorbia,  90. 

Frostweed,  12. 

Euphorbiacese,  90. 

Frullania,  150. 

Evening  Primrose,  37. 

Fucus,  154. 

Everlasting,  55. 

Fuirena,  112. 

Evernia,  166. 

Fumaria,  5. 

Exogens,  1. 

Fumariacese,  5. 

Fumitory,  5. 

Fagopyrum,  88. 

Funaria,  143. 

Fagus,  93. 

Fall  Dandelion,  58. 

Galeopsis,  73. 

False  Flax,  9. 

Galingale,  111. 

False  Spikenard,  107. 

Galinsoga,  53. 

Featherfoil,  66. 

Galium,  44. 

Ferns,  135. 

Gall-of-the-earth,  59. 

Fescue,  131. 

Garget,  83. 

Festuca,  131. 

Garlicn108. 

Feverfew,  54. 

Gastridium,  127. 

Fieoideae,  17. 

Gaultheria,  61. 

Figwort,  67,  68. 

Gaylussacia,  60. 

Filices,  135. 

Gelidium,  152. 

Fimbriaria,  149. 

Genista,  23. 

Fimbristylis,  114. 

Gentian,  80. 

Finger  Grass,  121. 

Gentiana,  80. 

Fir  Balsam,  96. 

Gentianacese,  80. 

190 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


Geraniaceae,  19. 

Gypsophila,  14. 

Geranium,  19. 

Gerardia,  69. 

Habenaria,  102. 

Germander,  70. 

Hackberry,  91. 

Geum,  31. 

Hackmatac,  96. 

Gilia,  77. 

Haemodoraceae,  105. 

Ginger,  82. 

Hair  Grass,  127,  128. 

Ginseng,  42. 

Halorageae,  36. 

Glaux,  66. 

Hamamelaceae,  36. 

Gloeocapsa,  165. 

Hamamelis,  36. 

Glceocystis,  158. 

Hardback,  31. 

Gloeothece,  165. 

Harebell,  60. 

Gloiotrichia,  162. 

Hawkweed,  58. 

Glyceria,  130. 

Hawthorn,  33. 

Gnaphalium,  55. 

Hazlenut,  93. 

Goat's  Kue,  27. 

Heal-all,  73. 

Golden  Kagwort,  56. 

Heart's  ease,  11. 

Goldenrod,  50. 

Heath,  60,  62. 

Goldthread,  3. 

Hedeoma,  71. 

Goodyera,  103. 

Hedgehog  Grass,  124. 

Gooseberry,  34. 

Hedge  Hyssop,  68. 

Goosefoot,  83. 

Hedge  Mustard,  7. 

Goose-grass,  44. 

Hedwigia,  142. 

Goose-tongue,  54. 

Helenium,  53. 

Gourd,  40. 

Helianthemum,  12. 

Gracilaria,  153. 

Helianthus,  52. 

Gramineae,  121. 

Heliophytum,  76. 

Grape,  21. 

Heliotrope,  76. 

Graphis,  173. 

Heliotropium,  76. 

Grass,  121. 

Hellebore,  107. 

Grass  of  Parnassus,  35. 

Hemerocallis,  109. 

Gratiola,  68. 

Hemizonia,  53. 

Green  Briar,  106. 

Hemlock,  96,  97. 

Grirnaldia,  149. 

Hemp,  81,  92. 

Grimmia,  142. 

Hemp-nettle,  73. 

Grindelia,  50. 

Hemp-weed,  46. 

Gromwell,  75. 

Henbane,  79. 

Ground  Hemlock,  97. 

Hepatica,  1. 

Ground  Ivy,  73. 

Hepaticae,  149. 

Ground  Nut,  29,  42. 

Heracleum,  40. 

Ground  Pine,  138. 

Herb  Kobert,  19. 

Groundsel,  55. 

Herd's  Grass,  126. 

Gum-plant,  50. 

Hesperis,  10. 

Gymnostichum,  134. 

Hibiscus,  18. 

MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


191 


Hickory,  92. 

Impatiens,  20. 

Hieracium,  68. 

India  Wheat,  88. 

Hierochloa,  125. 

Indian  Grass,  124. 

Hildenbrantia,  153. 

Indian  Hemp,  81. 

Hobble-bush,  44. 

Indian  Pipe,  63. 

Hog-peanut,  29. 

Indian  Poke,  107. 

Holcus,  128. 

Indian  Rice,  124. 

Holly,  64. 

Indian  Tobacco,  60. 

Honewort,  41. 

Indian  Turnip,  97. 

Honeysuckle,  43. 

Innocence,  45. 

Hop,  92. 

Inula,  51. 

Hop-tree,  20. 

Ipomoaa,  77. 

Hordeum,  133. 

Iridaceae,  105. 

Horehound,  73,  74. 

Iris,  105. 

Hornbeam,  93. 

Irish  Moss,  153. 

Hornwort,  89. 

Iron  weed,  45. 

Horse  Chestnut,  22. 

Ironwood,  93. 

Horse-Gentian,  43. 

Isatis,  9. 

Horse  Kettle,  78. 

Isoeteae,  139. 

Horseradish,  6. 

Isoetes,  139. 

Horsetail,  135. 

Isopyrum,  2. 

Horseweed,  48. 

Iva,  51. 

Hottonia,  66. 

Ivy,  21,  67,  73. 

Hound's  Tongue,  76. 

Houseleek,  36. 

Jack-in-the-pulpit,  97. 

Houstonia,  45. 

Jerusalem  Artichoke,  52. 

Huckleberry,  60. 

Jerusalem  Oak,  83. 

Humulus,  92. 

Jewel-weed,  20. 

Hungarian  Grass,  123. 

Jointed  Charlock,  10. 

Hyalotheca,  159. 

Joint  Grass,  127. 

Hydrocharidaceae,  102. 

Joiiitweed,  87. 

Hydrocotyle,  40. 

Juglandaceae,  92. 

Hydrophyllaceae,  76. 

Juglans,  92. 

Hydrophyllum,  76. 

Juncaceae,  109. 

Hyoscyamus,  79. 

Juncus,  109. 

Hypericaceae,  13. 

Juneberry,  34. 

Hypericum,  13. 

Juniper,  97. 

Hypnum,  146. 

Juniperus,  97. 

Hypochaeris,  58. 

Hypoxys,  105. 

Kale,  8. 

Kalmia,  62. 

Ilex,  64. 

Knapweed,  56. 

Ilicineae,  64. 

Knawel,  17. 

Ilysanthes,  68. 

Knotgrass,  87. 

192                                    MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 

Krigia,  57. 

Leptogium,  169. 

Leptothrix,  164. 

Labiatae,  70. 

Leptotrichum,  141. 

Labrador  Tea,  63. 

Lespedeza,  28. 

Lactuca,  59. 

Lettuce,  59. 

Ladies'  Tobacco,  55. 

Leucanthemum,  54. 

Ladies'  Tresses,  103. 

Leucobrynm,  141. 

Lady  Fern,  136. 

Leucodon,  146. 

Lady's  Slipper,  104. 

Leucothoe,  61. 

Lady's  Thumb,  86. 

Leverwood,  93. 

LambkiH,  62. 

Liatris,  45. 

Lamium,  73. 

Lichens,  165. 

Lampsana,  57. 

Ligusticum,  41. 

Laportea.  91. 

Ligustruin,  82. 

Lappa,  57. 

Lilac,  82. 

Larch,  96. 

Liliaceae,  106. 

Larix,  96. 

Lilium,  108. 

Larkspur,  3. 

Lily,  106,  108. 

Lathyrus,  28. 

Lily  of  the  Valley,  107, 

Lauraceae,  89. 

Limnanthemum,  81. 

Laurel,  62,  89. 

Linacese,  19. 

Lavender,  65. 

Linaria,  67. 

Layia,  53. 

Linden,  18. 

Leadwort,  65. 

Lindera,  89. 

Leatherleaf,  62. 

Linnaea,  43. 

Leatherwood,  89. 

Linum,  19. 

Leathesia,  155. 

Lion's-foot,  59. 

Lecanora,  170. 

Liparis,  104. 

Lechea,  12. 

Liquorice,  45. 

Lecidea,  172. 

Lithospermum,  75. 

Ledum,  63. 

Live-forever,  36. 

Leek,  108. 

Liverwort,  149. 

Leersia,  124. 

Lobelia,  60. 

Leguminosae,  23. 

Lobeliaceae,  60. 

Lerana,  98. 

Locust,  27. 

Lemnaceae  98. 

Lolium,  133. 

Lentibulariaceae,  66. 

Lonicera,  43. 

Leontodon,  58. 

Loosestrife,  39,  65. 

Leonurus,  73. 

Lophanthus,  72. 

Lepidium,  9. 

Lophocolea,  150. 

Lepigonum,  16. 

Lopseed,  70. 

Leptobryum,  143. 

Lousewort,  69. 

Leptochloa,  128. 

Lovage,  41. 

Leptodon,  145. 

Lucerne,  25. 

MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


193 


Ludwigia,  38. 

Meadow  Beauty,  39. 

Lungwort,  75. 

Meadow  Grass,  130. 

Lupine,  23. 

Meadow  Parsnip,  41. 

Lupin  us,  23. 

Meadow  Rue,  1. 

Luzula,  109. 

Meadow-sweet,  30. 

Lychnis,  15. 

Medeola,  107. 

Lycium,  79. 

Medicago,  25. 

Lycopersicum,  78. 

Medick,  25. 

Lycopodiaceae,  138. 

Melampyrum,  70. 

Lycopodium,  138. 

Melastoma,  39. 

Lycopsis,  74. 

Melastomaceae,  39. 

Lycopus,  71. 

Melilot,  25. 

Lygodium,  137. 

Melilotus,  24. 

Lyme  Grass,  134. 

Mentha,  70. 

Lyngbya,  163. 

Menyanthes,  81. 

Lysimachia,  65. 

Mercury,  21,  90. 

Lythraceae,  39. 

Mermaid-weed,  37- 

Ly  thrum,  39. 

Mertensia,  75. 

Metzgeria,  150. 

Madder,  44. 

Mexican  Tea,  83. 

Madotheca,  150. 

Mezereum,  89. 

Maianthemnm,  108. 

Micrasterias,  160. 

Maidenhair,  135. 

Microcoleus,  163. 

Mallow,  17. 

Microseris,  58. 

Malva,  17. 

Microstylis,  104. 

Malvaceae,  17. 

Mikania,  46. 

Mandrake,  3. 

Milkweed,  81. 

Maple,  22. 

Milkwort,  22,  66. 

Marchantia,  149. 

Millet,  123. 

Marigold,  52,  53. 

Mimulus,  68. 

Marrubium,  73. 

Mint,  70. 

Marsh  Bell-flower,  60. 

Mint  Geranium,  54. 

Marsh  Cress,  6. 

Mitchella,  45. 

Marsh  Marigold,  3. 

Mitella,  35. 

Marsh  Rosemary,  65. 

Mithridate  Mustard,  9. 

Marsilia,  139. 

Mitrewort,  35. 

Marsiliaceae,  139. 

Mnium,  144. 

Maruta,  54. 

Mockernut,  92. 

Mastigonema,  162. 

Mollugo,  17. 

Matricaria,  54. 

Monarda,  72. 

Matrimony  Vine,  79. 

Moneses,  63. 

May  Apple,  3. 

Moneywort,  65. 

Mayflower,  61. 

Monkey-flower,  68. 

Mayweed,  54. 

Monostroma,  157. 

13 

194 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


Monotropa,  63. 

Nodularia,  163. 

Moonwort,  138. 

Nonesuch,  25. 

Moosewood,  89. 

Nostoc,  163. 

Morning-glory.  77. 

Nuphar,  4. 

Morus,  91. 

Nut-rush,  114. 

Mosses,  139. 

Nyctaginaceae,  82. 

Mossy  Stonecrop,  36. 

Nymphaea,  4. 

Motherwort,  73. 

Nymphaeaceae,  4. 

Mountain  Ash,  34. 

Nyssa,  43. 

Mountain  Rice,  126. 

Mugwort,  54. 
Muhlenbergia,  126. 

Oakesia,  107- 

Mulberry,  91. 
Mulgediutn,  59. 
Mullein,  67. 

Oat,  128. 
Oat  Grass,  126,  128. 
(Enothera,  37,  175. 

Musci,  139. 

Old-maid's  frizzles,  31. 

Mustard,  5,  7,  8,  9. 

Old-witch  Grass,  121. 

Myosotis,  75. 

Oleaceae,  82. 

Myriangium,  171. 
Myrica,  93. 
Myricaceae,  93. 
Myriophyllum,  36. 

Olive,  82. 
Onagraceae,  37. 
Onoclea,  137. 
Onopordon,  57. 
Oosporeae,  154. 

Nabalus,  59. 

Opegrapha,  173. 

Naiadaceae,  99. 

Ophiocytium,  158. 

Naias,  99. 

Ophioglossum,  137. 

Nardia,  150. 

Opuntia,  39. 

Nasturtium,  5. 

Orchard  Grass,  130. 

Neckera,  145. 

Orchidaceae,  102. 

Neckweed,  69. 

Orchis,  102. 

Neillia,  30. 

Ornithogalum,  108. 

Nelumbium,  4. 

Orobanchaceae,  67. 

Nemopanthes,  64. 
Nepeta,  72. 
Nephroma,  169. 
Nesaea,  39. 
Nettle,  91. 

Orpine,  35. 
Orthocarpus,  69. 
Orthotrichum,  142. 
Oryzopsis,  126. 
Oscillaria,  164. 

New  Jersey  Tea,  21. 
Nicandra,  79. 

Osier,  95. 
Osmorrhiza,  42. 

Nicotiana,  80. 

Osmunda,  137. 

Nightshade,  78. 
Nine-bark,  30. 

Ostrich  Fern,  137. 
Ostrya,  93. 

Nipplewort,  57. 
Nitella,  151. 

Oswego  Tea,  72. 
Oxalis,  20. 

Ox-eye  Daisy,  54. 

MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


195 


Oxybaphus,  82.    ' 

Phaeosporeae,  154. 

Phalaris,  124. 

Painted-cup,  69. 

Phegopteris,  136. 

Panic  Grass,  121. 

Philonotis,  143. 

Panicum,  121. 

Phleum,  126. 

Pannaria,  169. 

Phlox,  77. 

Papaveraceae,  4. 

Phragmites,  129. 

Pansy,  11. 

Phryma,  70. 

Parietaria,  92. 

Phyllitis,  154. 

Parmelia,  167. 

Physalis,  79. 

Parnassia,  35. 

Physcia,  168. 

Paronychiae,  17. 

Physcomitrella,  140. 

Parsley,  40,  41. 

Physcomitrium,  143. 

Parsnip,  40. 

Physma,  169. 

Parthenium,  51. 

Physostegia,  73. 

Partridge-berry,  45. 

Phytolacca,  83. 

Partridge-pea,  29. 

Phytolaccaceas,  83. 

Paspalum,  121. 

Picea,  96. 

Pastinaca,  40. 

Pickerel-weed,  110. 

Pear,  34. 

Pigeon  Grass,  123. 

Pearlwort,  16. 

Pigweed,  83,  85. 

Pediastrum,  158. 

Pilea,  91. 

Pedicularis,  69. 

Pimpernel,  66,  68. 

Pellia,  149. 

Pine,  96. 

Pellitory,  92. 

Pine-sap,  63. 

Peltandra,  97. 

Pink,  13. 

Peltigera,  169. 

Pinus,  96. 

Penium,  162. 

Pinweed,  12. 

Pennyroyal,  71. 

Pinxter-flower,  63. 

Pennywort,  40. 

Pipewort,  111. 

Penthorum,  35. 

Pipsissewa,  63. 

Pentstemon,  68. 

Pirus,  34. 

Pepperbush,  62. 

Pisum,  29. 

Peppergrass,  9. 

Pitcher-plant,  4. 

Pepperidge,  43. 

Placodium,  169. 

Peppermint,  70. 

Plane-tree,  92. 

Pepper-root,  6. 

Plantaginaceae,  64. 

Periploca,  82. 

Plantago,  64. 

Pertusaria,  170. 

Plantain,  64. 

Petalostemon,  26. 

Platanaceae,  92. 

Petunia,  79. 

Platanus,  92. 

Phacelia,  76. 

Pleurocarpus,  159. 

Phaenogamia,  1. 

Pleurotaenium,  161. 

Phseosaccion,  155. 

Pluchea,  51. 

196 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


Plum,  30. 

Plumbaginaceae,  65. 
Poa,  130. 
Podophyllum,  3. 
Podostemaceae,  90. 
Podostemon,  90. 
Pogonatum,  145. 
Pogonia,  104. 
Poison  Hemlock,  42. 
Poison  Ivy,  21. 
Poke,  83. 

Polemoniacese,  77. 
Polygala,  22. 
Polygalaceae,  22. 
Polygonacese,  86. 
Polygonatum,  108. 
Polygonum,  86. 
Polypodium,  135. 
Polypody,  135. 
Polypogon,  127. 
Polysiphonia,  152. 
Polytrichuin,  145. 
Pond  Lily,  4. 
Pondweed,  99. 
Pontederia,  110. 
Pontederiacese,  110. 
Poplar,  96. 
Poppy,  4. 
Populus,  96. 
Porphyra,  153. 
Porphyridium,  158. 
Portulaca,  17. 
Portulacaceae,  17. 
Potamogeton,  99. 
Potato,  78. 
Potentilla,  31. 
Poterium,  31. 
Pottia,  141. 
Poverty  Grass,  125. 
Prairie  Clover,  26. 
Prairie  Dock,  51. 
Prenanthes,  59. 
Prickly  Ash,  20. 
Prickly-pear,  39. 


Primrose,  65. % 
Primulacese,  65 
Prince's  Feather,  86. 
Prince's  Pine,  63. 
Privet,  82. 
Proserpinaca,  37. 
Protococcaceae,  158. 
Protococcus,  158. 
Prunus,  30. 
Ptelea,  20. 
Pteridophytes,  135. 
Pterigynandrum,  146. 
Pteris,  135. 
Pulse,  23. 
Punctaria,  154. 
Purple  Cone-flower,  51. 
Purslane,  17. 
Pycnanthemum,  71. 
Pylaisia,  146. 
Pyrenula,  174. 
Pyrola,  63. 
Pyxine,  168. 

Quaking  Grass,  130. 
Queen  of  the  Meadow,  46. 
Quercus,  92. 
Quick  Grass,  133. 
Quillwort,  139. 
Quitch  Grass,  133. 

Racomitrium,  142. 
Radish,  10. 
Radula,  150. 
Ragweed,  51. 
Ralfsia,  155. 
Ramalina,  166. 
Ranuneulaceae,  1. 
Ranunculus,  2. 
Raphanus,  10. 
Raspberry,  32. 
Rattle-box,  28. 
Rattlesnake  Grass,  130. 
Rattlesnake  Plantain,  103. 
Rattlesnake-weed,  58. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


197 


Ray  Grass,  133. 
Red-top,  130. 
Reed,  129. 
Reed  Grass,  127. 
Rhamnaceae,  21. 
Rhamnus,  21. 
Rhexia,  39. 
Rhizoclonium,  156. 
Rhododendron,  62. 
Rhodora,  63. 
Rhodymeuiia.  153. 
Rhus,  21. 

Rhynchospora,  114. 
Ribbon  Grass,  125. 
Ribes,  34. 
Ribgrass,  64. 
Riccia,  149. 
Richweed,  72,  91. 
Rinodina,  170. 
Riverweed,  90. 
Rivularia,  162. 
Robinia,  27. 
Robin's  Plantain,  49. 
Rock  Cress,  6,  7. 
Rocket,  7,  9,  10. 
Rock-rose,  12. 
Roman  Wormwood,  51. 
Rosa,  33. 
Rosaceae,  30. 
Rose,  33. 
Rose  Acacia,  27. 
Rose  Mallow,  18. 
Rosin-weed,  51. 
Roxbury  Waxwork,  22. 
Royal  Fern,  137. 
Rubiacese,  44. 
Rubus,  32. 
Rudbeckia,  52. 
Rue,  20. 
Rumex,  88. 
Ruppia,  99. 
Rush,  109. 
Rutaceae,  20. 
Rye,  133,  134. 


Rye  Grass,  133. 

Sabbatia,  80. 
Sacheria,  153. 
Sagina,  16. 
Sagittaria,  102. 
Salicaceae,  94. 
Salicornia,  84. 
Salix,  94, 
Salsola,  85. 
Salt  Grass,  124. 
Salt-marsh  Fleabane,  51. 
Salt-marsh  Grass,  124. 
Saltwort,  85. 
Salvia,  72. 
Sambucus,  44. 
Samolus,  66. 
Samphire,  84. 
Sandal  wood,  89. 
Sand  Grass,  129. 
Sandwort,  15. 
Sanguinaria,  5. 
Sanicula,  40. 
Santalacese,  89. 
Sapindaceae,  22. 
Saponaria,  14. 
Sarracenia,  4. 
Sarraceniaceae,  4. 
Sarsaparilla,  42. 
Sassafras,  89. 
Satureia,  71. 
Savin,  97. 
Saxifraga,  35. 
Saxilragaceae,  34. 
Saxifrage,  35. 
Scheuchzeria,  101. 
Scapania,  150. 
Scarlet-fruited  Thorn,  34. 
Scilla,  108. 
Scirpus,  113. 
Scleranthus,  17. 
Scleria,  114. 
Scouring-rush,  135. 
Scrophularia,  68. 


198 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


Scrophulariaceae,  67. 
Scorpiurus,  29. 
Scutellaria,  73. 
Scytonema,  162. 
Scytosiphon,  155. 
Sea  Milkwort,  66. 
Sea  Rocket,  9. 
Secale,  133. 
Sedge,  114. 
Sedum,  36. 
Seed-box,  38. 
Selaginella,  138. 
Self-heal,  73. 
Sempervivum,  36. 
Senebiera,  9. 
Seneca  Grass,  125. 
Senecio,  55. 
Sensitive  Fern,  137. 
Sericocarpus,  47. 
Setaria,  123. 
Shadbush,  34. 
Shagbark  Hickory,  92. 
Shave  Grass,  135. 
Sheep-berry,  44. 
Shepherd's  Purse,  9. 
Shield  Fern,  136. 
Shin-leaf,  63. 
Shooting-star,  65. 
Sickle-pod,  7. 
Sicyos,  40. 
Sida,  18. 

Side-saddle  flower,  4. 
Silene,  14. 
Silphium,  51. 
Silver-weed,  31. 
Simarubaceae,  20. 
Sisymbrium,  7. 
Sisyrinchium,  105. 
Sium,  41. 
Skullcap,  73. 
Skunk  cabbage,  98. 
Smartweed,  87. 
Smilacina,  107. 
Smilaceae,  106. 


Sniilax,  106. 
Snake-head,  68. 
Snakeroot,  40,  46. 
Sneeze-weed,  53. 
Snowberry,  61. 
Soapberry,  22. 
Soapwort,  14. 
Solanaceae,  78. 
Solanum,  78. 
Solidago,  49. 
Solomon's  Seal,  108. 
Sonchus,  59. 
Sorghum,  124. 
Sorrel,  88. 
Sow-thistle,  59. 
Spanish  Needles,  53. 
Sparganium,  98. 
Spartina,  124. 
Spear  Grass,  130,  131. 
Spearmint,  70. 
Spearwort,  2. 
Specularia,  60. 
Speedwell,  68. 
Speirodela,  98. 
Spergula,  16. 
Spergularia,  16. 
Sphaerozosma,  159. 
Sphaerozyga,  163. 
Sphagnaceae,  149. 
Sphagnum,  149. 
Spice-bush,  89. 
Spiderwort,  110. 
Spike  Grass,  130. 
Spikenard,  42,  107. 
Spike-rush,  112. 
Spiraea,  30. 
Spiranthes,  103. 
Spirogyra,  159. 
Spirulina,  164. 
Spleenwort,  135. 
Spondylosium,  159. 
Sporobolus,  126. 
Spring  Beauty,  17. 
Spring  Cress,  6. 


MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


199 


Spruce,  96. 
Spurge,  90. 
Spurrey,  16. 
Squirrel-tail  Grass,  133. 
Stachys,  73. 
Staff  Tree,  22. 
Staphylea,  22. 
Star-cucumber,  40. 
Star-flower,  65. 
Star  Grass,  105. 
Star-of-Bethlehem,  108. 
Starwort,  90. 
Statice,  65. 
Staurastrum,  161. 
Steetzia,  149. 
Steironema,  65. 
Stellaria,  15. 
Stereocaulon,  171. 
Stitchworf,  15. 
Stickseed,  75. 
Sticta,  168. 
Stigeoclonium,  156. 
Stipa,  126. 
St.  John's-wort,  13. 
Stonecrop,  35,  36. 
Stone-root,  72. 
Strawberry,  32. 
Streptopus,  107. 
Struthiopteris,  137. 
Suseda,  85. 
Succory,  57. 
Sugarberry,  91. 
Sumach,  21. 
Summer  Savory,  71. 
Sundew,  12. 
Sunflower,  52. 
Swamp  Honeysuckle,  62. 
Swamp  Pink,  62. 
Sweet-brier,  33. 
Sweet  Cicely,  42. 
Sweet  Clover,  25. 
Sweet-fern,  94. 
Sweet  Flag,  98. 
Sweet  Gale,  93. 


Sweet  William,  14. 
Sycamore,  92. 
Symphytum,  74. 
Symplocarpus,  98. 
Syringa,  82. 

Tamarack,  96. 
Tanacetum,  54. 
Tansy,  54. 
Tape-grass,  102. 
Taraxacum,  59. 
Tare,  28. 
Taxus,  97. 
Tear-thumb,  87. 
Tephrosia,  27. 
Tetmemorus,  161. 
Tetraphis,  143. 
Tetraspora,  158. 
Teucrium,  70. 
Thalictrum,  1. 
Thallophytes,  151. 
Thaspium,  41. 
Thelia,  146. 
Theloschistes,  167. 
Thimbleberry,  32. 
Thin  Grass,  127. 
Thistle,  56. 
Thlaspi,  9. 
Thorn-apple,  79. 
Thoroughwort,  46. 
Three-seeded  Mercury,  90. 
Thuya,  97. 
Thyme,  71. 
ThymeleaceaB,  89. 
Thymus,  71. 
Tiarella,  35. 
Tickseed  Sunflower,  52. 
Tidy-tips,  53. 
Tilia,  18. 
Tiliaceae,  18. 
Timothy,  123,  126. 
Toad-flax,  67,  89. 
Tolypothrix,  162. 
Tomato,  78. 


200 


MIDDLESEX    FLORA. 


Tower  Mustard,  7. 

Velvet  Grass,  128. 

Tradescantia,  110. 

Velvet-leaf,  18. 

Trapa,  37. 

Venus'  Looking-glass,  60. 

Tree  of  Heaven,  20. 

Veratrum,  107. 

Trichostema,  70. 

Verbascum,  67. 

Tricuspis,  129. 

Verbena,  70. 

Trientalis,  65. 

Verbenaceae,  70. 

Trifolium,  23. 

Vernal  Grass,  125. 

Triglochin,  101. 

Vernonia,  45. 

Trigonella,  26. 

Veronica,  68. 

Trillium,  106. 

Verrucaria,  173. 

Triosteum,  43. 

Vervain,  70. 

Triplasis,  129. 

Vetch,  28. 

Triticum,  133. 

Vetchling,  28. 

Tropidocarpum,  10. 

Viburnum,  44. 

Trumpet-weed,  46. 

Vicia,  28. 

Tsuga,  96. 

Vilfa,  126. 

Tupelo,  43. 

Vincetoxicum,  82. 

Tussilago,  46. 

Vine,  21. 

Twayblade,  104. 

Viola,  10,  175. 

Twig-rush,  114. 

Violaceae,  10. 

Twin-flower,  43. 

Violet,  10,  175. 

Typha,  98. 

Virginia  Creeper,  21. 

Typhacese,  98. 

Virginian  Cowslip,  75. 

Virgin's  Bower,  1. 

Ulmus,  91. 

Vitacese,  21. 

Ulota,  142. 

Vitis,  21. 

Ulothrix,  157. 

Volvox,  158. 

Ulva,  157. 

Umbelliferse,  40. 

Wake  Robin,  106. 

Umbilicaria,  168. 

Wall  Barley,  134. 

Umbrella-grass,  113. 

Walnut,  92. 

Urceolaria,  171. 

Water  Chestnut,  37. 

Urtica,  91. 

Water  Chinquepin,  4. 

Urticacese,  91. 

Water  Cress,  5. 

Usnea,  166. 

Water-fern,  139. 

Utricularia,  66. 

Water  Hemlock,  41. 

Uvularia,  107. 

Waterleaf  ,  76. 

Water  Lily,  4. 

Vaccaria,  14. 

Water  Marigold,  53. 

Vaccinium,  61. 

Water  Milfoil,  36. 

Vallisneria,  102. 

Water  Oats,  124. 

Vanilla  Grass,  125. 

Water  Parsnip,  41. 

Vaucheria,  154. 

Water  Pepper,  87. 

MIDDLESEX   FLORA. 


201 


Water  Plantain,  101. 

Woad-waxen,  23. 

Water  Purslane,  38. 

Wood  Betony,  73. 

Water  Shield,  4. 

Woodbine,  21. 

Water  Star  wort,  90. 

Wood  Fern,  136. 

Waterweed,  102. 

Wood  Grass,  124. 

Waterwort,  13. 

Wood-rush,  109. 

Wax  Myrtle,  93. 

Wood  Sage,  70. 

Way  Bent,  134. 

Wood  Sorrel,  20. 

Webera,  143. 

Woodsia,  137. 

Weisia,  140. 

Woodwardia,  135. 

Wheat,  133. 

Wool-grass,  113. 

Wheat  Grass,  133. 

Worm-seed  Mustard,  7. 

White  Alder,  62. 

Wormwood,  55. 

White  Grass,  124. 

White  Hellebore,  107. 

Xanthidium,  161. 

White  Mustard,  8. 

Xanthium,  51. 

White  Snakeroot,  46. 

Xanthorrhiza,  3. 

White  weed,  54. 

Xanthoxylum,  20. 

Whitewood,  18. 

Xylographa,  173. 

Whitlow  Grass,  8. 

Xyridacese,  110. 

Whitlow-wort,  17. 

Xyris,  110. 

Wicopy,  89. 

Wild  Bean,  29. 

Yam,  106. 

Wild  Indigo,  29. 

Yarrow,  54. 

Wild  Oats,  107. 

Yellow  Adder'  s-tongue,  10$. 

Wild  Pink,  14. 

Yellow  Cress,  6. 

Wild  Senna,  29. 

Yellow-eyed-grass,  110. 

Wild  Sensitive-plant,  29. 

Yellow  Mustard,  8. 

Willow,  94. 

Yellow  Nelumbo,  4. 

Willow-herb,  37. 

Yellow-root,  3. 

Wind-flower,  1.                                  [  Yew,  97. 

Winterberry,  64.                                   Yucca,  109. 

Winter  Cress,  7. 

Wintergreen,  61,  63,  65. 

Zannichellia,  99. 

Wire  Grass,  128,  130. 

Zizania,  124. 

Witch  Hazel,  36. 

Zizia,  41. 

Withe-rod,  44. 

Zostera,  99. 

Woad,  9. 

Zyguema,  159. 

14  DAY  USE 

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MAR  2  3  1961 

APR  7      1961 

WOV    6  1967 

OCT25  1967  17 

M2CK5882 


THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


